Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Applications in Regenerative Medicine

Öz

In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka reported that the transfer and expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into fibroblast cells were sufficient to obtain cells similar to embryonic stem cells. The cells obtained by reprogramming of somatic cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC). In the following years, various studies were carried out for the optimization of transcription factors and reprogramming conditions. Until now, the introduction of transcription factors to different somatic cells or stem cells by various methods or the effect of using different combinations of transcription factors has been the subject of research. There are many different vector systems to reprogramme somatic cells. The efficiencies of the vector types for obtaining IPSC differ from each other. In this review, the general properties of stem cells and their application areas are discussed, as well as the acquisition of induced pluripotent stem cells and their potential for clinical use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stem cells
• Stem cell types
• Induced pluripotent stem cells
• Regenerative medicine
• Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell

İndüklenmiş Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerin Elde Edilmesi ve Rejeneratif Tıpta Uygulanabilirliği

Öz

2006 yılında Takahashi ve Yamanaka dört transkripsiyon faktörünün (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 ve c-Myc) fibroblast hücrelerine aktarılması ve bu transkripsiyon faktörlerinin ifadesinin pluripotent kök hücre elde etmek için yeterli olduğunu bildirmiş ve somatik hücrelerin geriye programlanarak elde edilen bu hücreler indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücreler (İPKH) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Daha sonraki yıllarda transkripsiyon faktörleri ve yeniden programlama şartlarının optimizasyonu ile ilgili birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bugüne kadar farklı somatik hücrelere transkripsiyon faktörlerinin farklı metotları ile tanıtımı ya da transkripsiyon faktörlerinin farklı kombinasyonlarının kullanımının etkisi araştırma konusu olmuştur. Somatik hücrelerin yeniden programlanması amacı ile birçok farklı vektör sistemi bulunmaktadır. Bu vektör çeşitlerinin İPKH eldesi için verimlilikleri birbirlerinden farklılık göstermektedir. Bu derlemede, kök hücrelerin genel özellikleri ve uygulama alanlarının irdelenmesinin yanı sıra ağırlıklı olarak indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücrelerinin elde edilmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca İPKH’lerin klinik amaçlı kullanım potansiyellerine de değinilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kök hücreler
• Kök hücre çeşitleri
• Rejeneratif tıp
• İndüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücreler
• İndüklenmiş kök hücre eldesi.

Kaynakça

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