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Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 3, 367 - 375, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1136166

Öz

Gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönem, kadınlarda kilo alımının arttığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde alınan kilo, kadında aşırı kilolu olma veya obezite gelişimine yol açabilmekte, anne ve bebek sağlığı üzerinde uzun vadeli olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilmektedir. Doğum sonu süreçte, lohusa eski vücut ağırlığına dönmesine yardımcı mekanizmaları kullanma konusunda, ebeler ve diğer sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından desteklenmelidir. Bu yardımcı mekanizmalardan birisi de emzirme olarak kabul edilmektedir. Postpartum sürecin getirmiş olduğu doğal bir fonksiyon olan emzirme, lohusanın önceki vücut ağırlığına dönmesi ve obezitenin önlenmesinde önemli bir aktivite olarak görülmektedir. Kilo kontrolünde emzirmenin; egzersiz ve kalori alımının kısıtlanması gibi yöntemlerle desteklenmesi, süresinin uzatılması kilo kontrolündeki başarıyı arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle anne ve bebek sağlığına getirdiği diğer olumlu katkıların yanı sıra kadınlarda obezite oluşumunun önlenmesi için emzirmenin başlatılması ve sürdürülmesi ebeler tarafından desteklenmelidir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Poston L, Caleyachetty R, Cnattingius S, Corvalán C, Uauy R, Herring S, Gillman MW. Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016; 4(12): 1025-1036.
  • Akgün N. Maternal beden kütle indeksi ve gebelikte vücut ağırlığı artışı takibinin perinatal sonuçlar ile ilişkisi. T.C. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 2013, Ankara.
  • İnegöl Gümüş İ, Karakurt F, Kargılı A, Öztürk Turhan N, Erkmen Uyar M. Association between prepregnancy body mass ındex, gestational weight gain, and perinatal outcomes. Turk J Med Sci 2010; 40 (3): 365-370. doi:10.3906/sag-0808-35
  • Yanıkkerem E, Mutlu S. Maternal obezitenin sonuçları ve önleme stratejileri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2012; 11(3): 353-364. DOI:10.5455/pmb.1-1325850422
  • Kahyaoğlu Süt H, Hür S. Üreme çağında gebe ve postpartum dönemde olan kadınların sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2020; 5(2): 243-256.
  • Neville CE, McKinley MC, Holmes VA, Spence D, Woodside JV. The relationship between breastfeeding and postpartum weight change—a systematic review and critical evaluation. International Journal of Obesity 2014; 38, 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.132
  • Elliot SA, Pereira LR, Guigard E, Mccargar LJ, Bell RC, Lactation, weight retention and body composition at 3 months postpartum: Is there a link? Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2015; 39, S57. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.01.215
  • Palmer JR, Kipping-Ruane K, Wise LA, Yu J, Rosenberg L. Lactation in relation to long-term maternal weight gain in african-american women. American Journal of Epidemiology 2015; 181(12): 932–939. doi:10.1093/aje/kwv027
  • Bello JK, Bauer V, Plunkett BA, Poston L, Solomonides A, Endres L. Pregnancy weight gain, postpartum weight retention, and obesity. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 2016; 10(4): 1-12. doi:10.1007/s12170-016-0483-8
  • López-Olmedo N, Hernández-Cordero S, Neufeld LM, Garcia-Guerra, A, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Gomez-Humaran IM. The associations of maternal weight change with breastfeeding, diet and physical activity during the postpartum period. Matern Child Health J 2016; 20, 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1826-7
  • Reifsnider E, Flowers J, Todd M, Bever Babendure J, Moramarco M. The relationship among breastfeeding, postpartum depression, and postpartum weight in Mexican American women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 2016; 45(6): 760–771. doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2016.05.009
  • Mastroeni M, Mastroeni S, Czarnobay S, Ekwaru J, Loehr S, Veugelers, P. Breast-feeding duration for the prevention of excess body weight of mother-child pairs concurrently: A 2-year cohort study. Public Health Nutrition 2017; 20(14): 2537-2548. doi:10.1017/S1368980017001239
  • Fikawati S, Sari VGP. Maternal postpartum weight loss and associated factors in Beji subdistrict Depok City, Indonesia. Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Body Composition 2018; 24(1): 47-52. https://nutriweb.org.my/mjn/publication/24-1/24-1.pdf#page=51
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The Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Body Weight Change During Postpartum Process: The Scope Review

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 3, 367 - 375, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1136166

Öz

The pregnancy and postpartum period is a period of increased weight gain in women. The weight gained during this period may lead to the development of overweight or obesity in women and may cause long-term negative consequences on maternal and infant health. In the postpartum period, the puerpera should be supported by midwives and other health professionals to use mechanisms that help her return to her old bodyweight. One of these auxiliary mechanisms is considered to be breastfeeding. Breastfeeding, which is a natural function brought by the postpartum period, is seen as an important activity in returning the puerpera to her previous body weight and preventing obesity. Supporting breastfeeding in weight control with methods such as exercise and restriction of calorie intake and prolonging the breastfeeding period increase the success in weight control. For this reason, midwives should support the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding in order to prevent obesity in women, as well as other positive contributions to maternal and infant health.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Poston L, Caleyachetty R, Cnattingius S, Corvalán C, Uauy R, Herring S, Gillman MW. Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2016; 4(12): 1025-1036.
  • Akgün N. Maternal beden kütle indeksi ve gebelikte vücut ağırlığı artışı takibinin perinatal sonuçlar ile ilişkisi. T.C. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 2013, Ankara.
  • İnegöl Gümüş İ, Karakurt F, Kargılı A, Öztürk Turhan N, Erkmen Uyar M. Association between prepregnancy body mass ındex, gestational weight gain, and perinatal outcomes. Turk J Med Sci 2010; 40 (3): 365-370. doi:10.3906/sag-0808-35
  • Yanıkkerem E, Mutlu S. Maternal obezitenin sonuçları ve önleme stratejileri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2012; 11(3): 353-364. DOI:10.5455/pmb.1-1325850422
  • Kahyaoğlu Süt H, Hür S. Üreme çağında gebe ve postpartum dönemde olan kadınların sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2020; 5(2): 243-256.
  • Neville CE, McKinley MC, Holmes VA, Spence D, Woodside JV. The relationship between breastfeeding and postpartum weight change—a systematic review and critical evaluation. International Journal of Obesity 2014; 38, 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.132
  • Elliot SA, Pereira LR, Guigard E, Mccargar LJ, Bell RC, Lactation, weight retention and body composition at 3 months postpartum: Is there a link? Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2015; 39, S57. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.01.215
  • Palmer JR, Kipping-Ruane K, Wise LA, Yu J, Rosenberg L. Lactation in relation to long-term maternal weight gain in african-american women. American Journal of Epidemiology 2015; 181(12): 932–939. doi:10.1093/aje/kwv027
  • Bello JK, Bauer V, Plunkett BA, Poston L, Solomonides A, Endres L. Pregnancy weight gain, postpartum weight retention, and obesity. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 2016; 10(4): 1-12. doi:10.1007/s12170-016-0483-8
  • López-Olmedo N, Hernández-Cordero S, Neufeld LM, Garcia-Guerra, A, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Gomez-Humaran IM. The associations of maternal weight change with breastfeeding, diet and physical activity during the postpartum period. Matern Child Health J 2016; 20, 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1826-7
  • Reifsnider E, Flowers J, Todd M, Bever Babendure J, Moramarco M. The relationship among breastfeeding, postpartum depression, and postpartum weight in Mexican American women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 2016; 45(6): 760–771. doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2016.05.009
  • Mastroeni M, Mastroeni S, Czarnobay S, Ekwaru J, Loehr S, Veugelers, P. Breast-feeding duration for the prevention of excess body weight of mother-child pairs concurrently: A 2-year cohort study. Public Health Nutrition 2017; 20(14): 2537-2548. doi:10.1017/S1368980017001239
  • Fikawati S, Sari VGP. Maternal postpartum weight loss and associated factors in Beji subdistrict Depok City, Indonesia. Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Body Composition 2018; 24(1): 47-52. https://nutriweb.org.my/mjn/publication/24-1/24-1.pdf#page=51
  • Saucedo R, Valencia J, Peña-Cano MI, Morales-Avila E, Zárate A. Breastfeeding and gestational diabetes. IntechOpen 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.82000
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  • Sharma AJ, Dee DL, Harden SM. Adherence to breastfeeding guidelines and maternal weight 6 years after delivery. Pediatrics 2014; 134 (1): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0646H
  • Zanotti J, Capp E, Wender MCO. Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia 2015; 37(4): 164–171. doi:10.1590/so100-720320150005186
  • Da Silva M, Da CM, Oliveira Assis AM, Pinheiro SMC, de Oliveira LPM, da Cruz TRP. Breastfeeding and maternal weight changes during 24 months post-partum: a cohort study. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2015; 11(4): 780–791. doi:10.1111/mcn.12071
  • Banjar LA, Faruqui HM, Ghunaim AH, Almalki AF, Alshaikh HM, Alsamti M, Mosli HH. Maternal outcomes of breastfeeding in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Medical Sciences 2017; 24(3): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.4197/Med.24-3.3
  • Pramesti AAY. Relationship between the duration of breastfeeding until the first 6 months with body composition changes on maternal postpartum. Journal Of Healthcare Technology And Medicine 2017; 1(1). https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v1i1.14
  • Lambrinou CP, Karaglani E, Manios Y. Breastfeeding and postpartum weight loss. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 2019; 22(6): 413-417. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000597
  • Most J, Altazan AD, St Amant M, Beyl RA, Ravussin E, Redman LM. Increased energy intake after pregnancy determines postpartum weight retention in women with obesity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2020. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz330
  • Davies R, Avery A. The role of breastfeeding in postpartum maternal weight loss, body satisfaction, well-being and confidence losing weight. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 2014; 4(3): 293-294. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2014/v4i327104
  • He X, Zhu M, Hu C, Tao X, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu Y. Breast-feeding and postpartum weight retention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutrition 2015; 18(18): 3308–3316. doi:10.1017/s1368980015000828
  • Wilkinson SA, van der Pligt P, Gibbons KS, Mc Intyre HD. Trial for reducing weight retention in new mums: a randomised controlled trial evaluating a low intensity, postpartum weight management programme. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2013; 28: 15–28. doi:10.1111/jhn.12193
  • Chowdhury R, Sinha B, Sankar MJ, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Rollins N, Bahl R, Martines J. Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica 2015; 104: 96–113. doi:10.1111/apa.13102
  • Mullaney L, O’Higgins A, Cawley S, Kennedy R, McCartney D, Turner M. Breast-feeding and postpartum maternal weight trajectories. Public Health Nutrition 2016; 19(8): 1397-1404. doi:10.1017/S1368980015002967
  • Christenson A, Johansson E, Reynisdottir S, Torgerson J, Hemmingsson E. Women's perceived reasons for their excessive postpartum weight retention: a qualitative ınterview study. PLoS ONE 2016; 11(12): e0167731. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167731
  • Straub H, Simon C, Plunkett BA et al. Evidence for a complex relationship among weight retention, cortisol and breastfeeding in postpartum women. Matern Child Health J 2016; 20: 1375–1383 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-1934-z
  • Han SY, Brewis AA. Influence of weight concerns on breastfeeding: Evidence from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study. American Journal of Human Biology 2018; 30(2): e23086. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23086
  • Castillo-Laura H, Santos IS. Breastfeeding pattern and duration and post-partum maternal weight retention. Clinics Mother Child Health 2016; 13(4): 1-6. doi:10.4172/2090-7214.1000253
  • Waits A, Guo C-Y, Chang Y-S, Chien L-Y. Dose-response relationships between breastfeeding and postpartum weight retention differ by pre-pregnancy body-mass index in Taiwanese women. Nutrients 2020; 12 (4): 1065. doi: 10.3390 / nu12041065
  • Ostbye T, Krause KM, Swamy GK, Lovelady CA. Effect of breast-feeding on weight retention from one pregnancy to the next: results from the North Carolina WIC Program. Preventive Medicine 2010; 51 (5): 368-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.07.017
  • Rothberg BEG, Magriples U, Kershaw TS, Rising SS, Ickovics JR. Gestational weight gain and subsequent postpartum weight loss among young, low income, ethnic minority women. American Journal of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2011; 204 (1): 52, e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.028
  • Kirkegaard H, Stovring H, Rasmussen KM, Abrams B, Sorensen TI, Nohr EA. How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2014; 99 (2): 312–319. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.067405
  • Jiang M, Gao H, Vinyes-Pares G, Yu K, Ma D, Qin X, Wang P. Association between breastfeeding duration and postpartum weight retention of lactating mothers: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clinical Nutrition 2018; 37(4): 1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.014
  • Hawkins MA, Colaizzi J, Rhoades-Kerswill S, Fry ED, Keirns NG, Smith CE. Earlier onset of maternal excess adiposity associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration. Journal of Human Lactation 2019; 35(2): 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334418799057
  • Murnane PM, Arpadi SM, Sinkala M, Kankasa C, Mwiya M, Kasonde P, Thea DM, Aldrovandi GM, Kuhn L. Lactation-associated postpartum weight changes among HIV-infected women in-Zambia. International Journal of Epidemiology 2010; 39 (5): 1299-1310. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq065
  • Koyanagi A, Humphrey JH, Moulton LH, Ntozini R, Mutasa K, Iliff P, Ruff AJ. The ZVITAMBO Study Group, Predictive value of weight loss on mortality of HIV-positive mothers in a prolonged breastfeeding setting. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2011; 27(11): 1141–1148. DOI: 10.1089/aid.2010.0293
  • Kronoborg H, Vaeth M, Ramussen KM. Obesity and early cessation of breastfeeding in Denmark. European Journal of Public Health 2013; 23(2): 316-322. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cks135
  • Jarlenski MP, Bennett WL, Bleich SN, Barry CL, Stuart EA. Effects of breastfeeding on postpartum weight loss among U.S. women. Preventive Medicine 2014; 69: 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.09.018
  • Vinter CA, Jensen DM, Ovesen P, Back-Nielsen H, Tanvig M, Lamont RF, Jorgensen JS. Postpartum weight retention and breastfeeding among obese women from the randomized controllled lifestyle in pregnancy (LIP) trial. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2014; 93 (8): 794-801. doi:10.1111/aogs.12429
  • Martin JE, Hure AJ, Macdonald-Wicks L, Smith R, Collins CE. Predictors of post‐partum weight retention in a prospective longitudinal study. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2014; 10(4): 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00437.x
  • Yon M, Lee HS, Kim D, Lee J, Nam J, Moon GI, Hong J, Lee Y, Oh D, Kim CI. Postpartum weight change in lactating women by breast-feeding duration. Korean J Obes 2014; 23(3): 179-186. 10.7570/kjo.2014.23.3.179. Hollis JL, Crozier SR, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Godfrey KM, Harvey NC, Collins CE, Robinson SM. Modifiable risk factors of maternal postpartum weight retention: an analysis of their combined impact and potential opportunities for prevention. International Journal of Obesity 2017; 41: 1091-1098. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2017.78
  • Alves M da S, Almeida MAM, Gomes C de B, Ferrari AP, Parada CMG de L, Carvalhaes MA de BL. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding reduces maternal weight retention: results from the CLaB study. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 2020; 20(1): 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000100015
  • Krause KM, Lovelady CA, Peterson BL, Chowdhury N. Effect of breast-feeding on weight retention at 3 and 6 months postpartum: data from the North Carolina WIC Programme. Public Health Nutrition 2010; 13(12): 2019-2026. doi:10.1017/S1368980010001503
  • Durham HA, Lovelady CA, Brouwer RJN, Krause KM, Østbye T. Comparison of dietary intake of overweight postpartum mothers practicing breastfeeding or formula feeding. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2011; 111(1): 67–74. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.001
  • Yeaton-Massey A, Ottaviano G, Penfield CA, Handler SJ, Granados JM, Caughey AB. Exclusive breastfeeding promotes postpartum weight loss. poster session IV epidemiology, global maternal-fetal public health, ınfectious disease, ıntrapartum fetal assesment, operative obstetrics. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 204 (1): 217-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.10.562
  • Ho C. Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. International Journal of Evidence- Based Healthcare 2013; 11(2): 140-141. doi: 10.1111/1744-1609.12015
  • Brandhagen M, Lissner L, Brantsaeter AL, Meltzer HM, Häggkvist AP, Haugen M, Winkvist A. Breast-feeding in relation to weight retention up to 36 months postpartum in the Norwegian mother and child cohort study: Modification by socio-economic status?. Public Health Nutrition 2014; 17(7):1514-1523. doi:10.1017/S1368980013001869
  • Iheukwumere CB, Anyaehie UB, Ogugua C, Njoku T, Nnedi RO. Short term effect of breastfeeding on postpartum maternal anthropometry in Owerri, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Health Development 2014; 19(1). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jcm/article/view/128551
  • Guzmán-Mercado E, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Sánchez Ramírez CA, Muñoz-Esparza NC, Larrosa-Haro A, Meza Arreola PL. Full breastfeeding modifies anthropometric and body composition ındicators in nursing mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine 2020. doi:10.1089/bfm.2020.0144
  • Lovelady, C, Balancing exercise and food intake with lactation to promote post-partum weight loss. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2011, 70(2), 181-184. doi:10.1017/S002966511100005X
  • Ng SK, Cameron CM, Hills AP, McClure RJ, Scuffham PA. Socioeconomic disparities in prepregnancy BMI and impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes and postpartum weight retention: the EFHL longitudinal birth cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14 (314): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-314
  • Dujmovic M, Kresic G, Mandic ML, Kenjeric D, Cvijanovic O. Changes in dietary intake and body weight in lactating and non-lactating women: prospective study in Northern Coastal Croatia. Collegium Antropologicum 2014; 38(1):179-187. Doi:https://hrcak.srce.hr/120879
  • Martin J, MacDonald-Wicks L, Hure A, Smith R, Collins CE. Reducing postpartum weight retention and improving breastfeeding outcomes in overweight women: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Nutrient 2015; 7 (3): 1464-1479. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7031464 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/3/1464
  • Kirkegaard H, Stovring H, Rasmussen KM, Abrams B, Sørensen TIA, Nohr EA. Maternal weight change from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum-the influence of behavioral factors. Obesity 2015; 23(4): 870–878. doi:10.1002/oby.21022
  • Shobeiri F, Sattari M, Kalhori F, Nazari M. The effect of exclusive breastfeeding on post-partum weight loss, Iran. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2016; 7(2): 861-868. http://eprints.umsha.ac.ir/2275/
  • Falivene MA, Orden AB. Maternal behavioral factors influencing postpartum weight retention. clinical and metabolic implications. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 2017; 17(2): 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042017000200003
  • Fadzil F, Shamsuddin K, Puteh SEW, Tamil AM, Ahmad S, Hayi NSA, Samad AA, Ismail R, Shauki NIA. Predictors of postpartum weight retention among urban Malaysian mothers: A prospective cohort study. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2018; 12(6): 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.06.003
  • Jacobson LT, Collins TC, Lucas M, Zackula R, Okut H, Nazir N, Robbins D, Stern JE, Wolfe M, Grainger DA. Electronic monitoring of mom’s schedule (eMOMS™): Protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial to improve postpartum weight, blood sugars, and breastfeeding among high BMI women. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 2020; 18, 100565. doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100565
  • Dalrymple K, Uwhubetine O, Flynn A, Relph S, O'Keeffe M, Poston L. Analysis of antenatal and postnatal determinants which promote postpartum weight loss in obese women - An analysis from the UPBEAT trial. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2020; 79(OCE2), E78. doi:10.1017/S0029665120000269
  • Hoffmann J, Günther J, Stecher L, Spies M, Meyer D, Kunath J, Raab R, Rauh K, Hauner H. Effects of a lifestyle intervention in routine care on short-and Long-term maternal weight retention and breastfeeding behavior—12 months follow-up of the cluster-randomized GeliS trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020; 8(6): 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060876
  • Özkan B, Çeber Turhan E, Yaşaroğlu Toksoy S. Doğum Sonu Dönemde Değerlendirme ve Bakım; Ebelik Uygulama Standartları. Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık. 2016; Bölüm 4, 388-414.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nükhet Kaçar 0000-0001-5143-4376

Nebahat Özerdoğan 0000-0003-1322-046X

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaçar, N., & Özerdoğan, N. (2022). Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(3), 367-375. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1136166
AMA Kaçar N, Özerdoğan N. Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi. Uludağ Tıp Derg. Aralık 2022;48(3):367-375. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1136166
Chicago Kaçar, Nükhet, ve Nebahat Özerdoğan. “Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme Ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 48, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 367-75. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1136166.
EndNote Kaçar N, Özerdoğan N (01 Aralık 2022) Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 48 3 367–375.
IEEE N. Kaçar ve N. Özerdoğan, “Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi”, Uludağ Tıp Derg, c. 48, sy. 3, ss. 367–375, 2022, doi: 10.32708/uutfd.1136166.
ISNAD Kaçar, Nükhet - Özerdoğan, Nebahat. “Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme Ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 48/3 (Aralık 2022), 367-375. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1136166.
JAMA Kaçar N, Özerdoğan N. Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi. Uludağ Tıp Derg. 2022;48:367–375.
MLA Kaçar, Nükhet ve Nebahat Özerdoğan. “Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme Ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 48, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 367-75, doi:10.32708/uutfd.1136166.
Vancouver Kaçar N, Özerdoğan N. Postpartum Dönemde Emzirme ve Vücut Ağırlığı Değişimi Arasındaki İlişki: Kapsam Derlemesi. Uludağ Tıp Derg. 2022;48(3):367-75.

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

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