Klinik Bir Örneklemde Ergenlerde Akran Zorbalığı Sıklığı, Zorbalık Özellikleri ve Zorbalığın Algılanan Sosyal Destekle İlişkisi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 50 Sayı: 2, 281 - 287, 08.10.2024
Fatma Coşkun
,
Ayşegül Metin Emre
,
Ayşegül Tuğba Hıra Selen
Öz
Ergenlerde zorbalığa katılma ciddi psikiyatrik, sosyal ve fiziksel sonuçları olabilen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Aile ve arkadaşlarla kurulan destekleyici sosyal ilişkilerin zorbalığa katılma riskini azaltabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada; çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran ergenlerde akran zorbalığı sıklığı, zorbalık özellikleri ve akran zorbalığının ergenlerin algıladıkları sosyal destekle ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran 12-18 yaş aralığında 100 ergen dahil edilmiştir. Ergenlerde akran zorbalığını değerlendirmek için Olweus Öğrenciler İçin Akran Zorbalığı Anketi (OÖAZ) ve algılanan sosyal desteği değerlendirmek için Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ÇBASDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda ergenlerin %50’sinin akran zorbalığına katıldığı bulunmuştur. Akran zorbalığına katılan grupta ÇBASDÖ aile alt ölçek puanı anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulunurken (p=0.014), ölçek toplam ve diğer alt ölçek puanlarında gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. Çalışmamızın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde akran zorbalığına katılmayanlarda algılanan aile desteğinin daha iyi olduğu görülmektedir. Bu algılan aile desteğinin akran zorbalığı sıklığını azaltabileceğini ve akran zorbalığına katılanlarda gelişebilecek olumsuz sonuçların iyileştirilmesinde etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının akran zorbalığının önlenmesi, erken dönemde tanınması ve müdahalesine yönelik uygun stratejilerin geliştirilmesinde katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Çalışmaya başlamadan önce Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Dışı Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ ndan 20.10.2023-2023/4589:16222 tarih ve numarasıyla izin alınmıştır. Çalışmamızın yürütülmesinde Helsinki Deklarasyonu ilkeleri esas alınmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu araştırma, kamu, ticari veya kar amacı gütmeyen sektörlerdeki finansman kuruluşlarından herhangi bir finansal destek almamıştır.
Kaynakça
- 1. Olweus D, Limber SP. Bullying in school: evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2010;80:124–134.
- 2. Smith PK. Bullying: Definition, Types, Causes, Consequences and Intervention. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2016;10:519–532.
- 3. Olweus D. Bullying at school: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1994;35:1171–1190.
- 4. Kaltiala-Heino R, Fröjd S. Correlation between bullying and clinical depression in adolescent patients. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2011;2:37.
- 5. Alavi N, Roberts N, Sutton C et al. Bullying Victimization (Being Bullied) among Adolescents Referred for Urgent Psychiatric Consultation: Prevalence and Association with Suicidality.]. 2015;60:427–431.
- 6. Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Puura K. Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying. Aggress Behav. 2001;27(2):102–110.
- 7. Moore SE, Norman RE, Suetani S et al. Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry. 2017;7:60.
- 8. Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Puura K. Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying. Aggress Behav. 2001;27:102–110.
- 9.Kann L, McManus T, Harris WA et al. Youth Risk BehaviorSurveillance - United States, 2015. MMWR Surveillance Summaries. 2016;65:1–180.
- 10.Bauman S, Toomey RB, Walker JL. Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. J Adolesc. 2013;36:341–350.
- 11.Gini G, Pozzoli T. Bullied children and psychosomatic problems: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2013;132:720–729.
- 12.Lepore SJ, Kliewer W. Violence Exposure, Sleep Disturbance, and Poor Academic Performance in Middle School. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013;41:1179.
- 13.Sourander A, Jensen P, Rönning JA et al. What Is the EarlyAdulthood Outcome of Boys Who Bully or Are Bullied inChildhood? The Finnish “From a Boy to a Man” Study.Pediatrics. 2007;120:397–404.
- 14.Gini G, Pozzoli T. Association Between Bullying and Psychosomatic Problems: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2009;123:1059–1065.
- 15.Haynie DL, Nansel T, Eitel P et al. Bullies, Victims, andBully/Victims. 200;21:29–49.
- 16.Winsper C, Lereya T, Zanarini M et al. Involvement in Bullying and Suicide-Related Behavior at 11 Years: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatry. 2012;51:271-282.
- 17. Mahmoud, A. S., Berma, A. E., & Gabal, S. A. A. S.Relationship between social support and the quality of lifeamong psychiatric patients. Journal of psychiatry and psychiatric disorders.2017; 1(2), 57-75.
- 18.Shaheen AM, Hamdan KM, Albqoor M et al. Perceived socialsupport from family and friends and bullying victimization among adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2019;107.
- 19.Seo HJ, Jung YE, Kim MD et al. Factors associated withbullying victimization among Korean adolescents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:2429–2435.
- 20.Huang H, Hong JS, Espelage DL. Understanding Factors Associated with Bullying and Peer Victimization in Chinese Schools Within Ecological Contexts. J Child Fam Stud. 2013;22:881–892.
- 21.Solberg M, Olweus D. Prevalence estimation of schoolbullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Aggressive Behav. 2003; 29:239-268.
- 22.Sipahi HT, Karababa AO. Olweus öğrenciler için akran zorbalığı anketinin Türkçeye ve Türkiye’ye uyarlanması ve geçerlilik, güvenirlik analizi. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2018; 57: 222-227.
- 23.Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG et al. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52:30–41.
- 24.Eker D. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’ningözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2001;12:17–25.
- 25.Karatoprak S, Dönmez YE, Özel Özcan Ö. The predictive effect of internet addiction and psychiatric disorders on traditional peer bullying. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg.2020;21:625–632.
- 26.Karatoprak, S. Çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran ergenlerde akran zorbalığı ve akranzorbalığının internet bağımlılığı ile ilişkisi. (Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi). Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı;2017.
- 27.Craig W, Harel-Fisch Y, Fogel-Grinvald H et al. A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. Int J Public Health. 2009;54:216–224.
- 28.Kepenekci YK, Çinkir Ş. Bullying among Turkish high school students. Child Abuse Negl. 2006;30:193–204.
- 29.Lee J, Roh BR, Yang KE. Exploring the association betweensocial support and patterns of bullying victimization among school-aged adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2022;136.
- 30.Zhang M, Wang Z, Persram RJ et al. Perceived Social Support From Family and Peers: The Association With Bullying Behaviours. Journal of Education and Development. 2021; 5:17.
Frequency of Peer Bullying, Characteristics of Bullying, and Relationship of Bullying to Perceived Social Support in Adolescents in a Clinical Sample
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 50 Sayı: 2, 281 - 287, 08.10.2024
Fatma Coşkun
,
Ayşegül Metin Emre
,
Ayşegül Tuğba Hıra Selen
Öz
Participation in bullying among adolescents is an important public health problem that can have serious psychiatric, social and physical consequences. It is thought that supportive social relationships with family and friends can reduce the risk of being exposed to bullying. This study aimed to examine the frequency of peer bullying, bullying characteristics, and the relationship between peer bullying and perceived social support among adolescents applying to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Our study included 100 adolescents between the ages of 12-18 who applied to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. The Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was used to assess peer bullying in adolescents, and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) was used to assess perceived social support. As a result of the evaluations, it was found that 50% of adolescents participated in peer bullying. While the MSPSS family subscale score was found to be significantly lower in the group participating in peer bullying (p=0.014), no significant difference was found between the groups in the scale total and other subscale scores. When the results of our study are evaluated, it is seen that perceived family support was better in those who did not participate in peer bullying. This suggests that perceived family support can reduce the frequency of peer bullying and may be effective in improving the negative consequences that may develop in those who participate in peer bullying.It is thought that the results of this study will contribute to the development of appropriate strategies for the prevention, early recognition and intervention of peer bullying.
Kaynakça
- 1. Olweus D, Limber SP. Bullying in school: evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2010;80:124–134.
- 2. Smith PK. Bullying: Definition, Types, Causes, Consequences and Intervention. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2016;10:519–532.
- 3. Olweus D. Bullying at school: basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1994;35:1171–1190.
- 4. Kaltiala-Heino R, Fröjd S. Correlation between bullying and clinical depression in adolescent patients. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2011;2:37.
- 5. Alavi N, Roberts N, Sutton C et al. Bullying Victimization (Being Bullied) among Adolescents Referred for Urgent Psychiatric Consultation: Prevalence and Association with Suicidality.]. 2015;60:427–431.
- 6. Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Puura K. Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying. Aggress Behav. 2001;27(2):102–110.
- 7. Moore SE, Norman RE, Suetani S et al. Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry. 2017;7:60.
- 8. Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Puura K. Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying. Aggress Behav. 2001;27:102–110.
- 9.Kann L, McManus T, Harris WA et al. Youth Risk BehaviorSurveillance - United States, 2015. MMWR Surveillance Summaries. 2016;65:1–180.
- 10.Bauman S, Toomey RB, Walker JL. Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. J Adolesc. 2013;36:341–350.
- 11.Gini G, Pozzoli T. Bullied children and psychosomatic problems: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2013;132:720–729.
- 12.Lepore SJ, Kliewer W. Violence Exposure, Sleep Disturbance, and Poor Academic Performance in Middle School. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013;41:1179.
- 13.Sourander A, Jensen P, Rönning JA et al. What Is the EarlyAdulthood Outcome of Boys Who Bully or Are Bullied inChildhood? The Finnish “From a Boy to a Man” Study.Pediatrics. 2007;120:397–404.
- 14.Gini G, Pozzoli T. Association Between Bullying and Psychosomatic Problems: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2009;123:1059–1065.
- 15.Haynie DL, Nansel T, Eitel P et al. Bullies, Victims, andBully/Victims. 200;21:29–49.
- 16.Winsper C, Lereya T, Zanarini M et al. Involvement in Bullying and Suicide-Related Behavior at 11 Years: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatry. 2012;51:271-282.
- 17. Mahmoud, A. S., Berma, A. E., & Gabal, S. A. A. S.Relationship between social support and the quality of lifeamong psychiatric patients. Journal of psychiatry and psychiatric disorders.2017; 1(2), 57-75.
- 18.Shaheen AM, Hamdan KM, Albqoor M et al. Perceived socialsupport from family and friends and bullying victimization among adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2019;107.
- 19.Seo HJ, Jung YE, Kim MD et al. Factors associated withbullying victimization among Korean adolescents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:2429–2435.
- 20.Huang H, Hong JS, Espelage DL. Understanding Factors Associated with Bullying and Peer Victimization in Chinese Schools Within Ecological Contexts. J Child Fam Stud. 2013;22:881–892.
- 21.Solberg M, Olweus D. Prevalence estimation of schoolbullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Aggressive Behav. 2003; 29:239-268.
- 22.Sipahi HT, Karababa AO. Olweus öğrenciler için akran zorbalığı anketinin Türkçeye ve Türkiye’ye uyarlanması ve geçerlilik, güvenirlik analizi. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2018; 57: 222-227.
- 23.Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG et al. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52:30–41.
- 24.Eker D. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’ningözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2001;12:17–25.
- 25.Karatoprak S, Dönmez YE, Özel Özcan Ö. The predictive effect of internet addiction and psychiatric disorders on traditional peer bullying. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg.2020;21:625–632.
- 26.Karatoprak, S. Çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran ergenlerde akran zorbalığı ve akranzorbalığının internet bağımlılığı ile ilişkisi. (Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi). Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı;2017.
- 27.Craig W, Harel-Fisch Y, Fogel-Grinvald H et al. A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. Int J Public Health. 2009;54:216–224.
- 28.Kepenekci YK, Çinkir Ş. Bullying among Turkish high school students. Child Abuse Negl. 2006;30:193–204.
- 29.Lee J, Roh BR, Yang KE. Exploring the association betweensocial support and patterns of bullying victimization among school-aged adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2022;136.
- 30.Zhang M, Wang Z, Persram RJ et al. Perceived Social Support From Family and Peers: The Association With Bullying Behaviours. Journal of Education and Development. 2021; 5:17.