Sosyal Hizmet Mesleğinin Öncülerinden Jane Addams’ın Mesleğe Katkıları ve Örnek Çalışmaları

Öz

Jane Addams, sosyal refah ve sosyal hizmet tarihinin en önemli öncülerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. 20. yüzyılın başlarında Addams, Amerika'da sosyal reformcu, kadın hakları savunucusu ve barış aktivisti rolleriyle öne çıkmıştır. 1889 yılında Chicago'da Hull House'u kurmuştur. Addams, kent yoksulluğuyla ilgili çığır açan çalışmalarına burada başlamıştır. Hull House’da mikro-mezzo ve makro düzeylerde, bireyle, grupla ve toplumla çalışma yöntem ve tekniklerini başarılı bir biçimde kullanmış, sorunların yerel ve ulusal ölçekte çözümünde sosyal politikayı bir araç olarak etkili kılmıştır. Böylelikle sosyal hizmetin koruyucu, önleyici ve rehabilite edici müdahalelerini politika yapıcılarla birlikte kalıcı çözümlere ulaştırmıştır. Bütün mücadelelerini insan hakları, eşitlik, sosyal adalet, toplumsal ve dünya barışı ve demokrasi kavramlarını kullanarak yapmıştır. Addams’ın fikirleri, felsefesi ve çalışmalarının sosyal hizmetin 2014 yılında Uluslararası Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları Federasyonu (IFSW) ve Uluslararası Sosyal Hizmet Okulları Birliği (IASSW) tarafından yapılan son tanımı ile tamamen uyumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Addams, Amerikan Sivil Özgürlükler Birliği’nin kurulmasına katkıda bulunmuş ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin I. Dünya Savaşı'na girmesini engellemeye çalışmış ve bu nedenle ABD hükümeti tarafından radikal bir aktivist olarak damgalanmıştır. 1931 yılında, savaş karşıtı çabaları ve uluslararası barışı inşa etme çalışmaları nedeniyle Nobel Barış Ödülünü alan ilk kadın olmuştur. Sosyal hizmet eğitim kurumları müfredatlarına Jane Addams’ın mikro ve makro boyutta uyguladığı yöntemleri içeren ve beşeri bilimleri de önceleyen eğitim konularının eklenmesi ve vaka temelli uygulamaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Jane Addams
• sosyal hizmet
• aktivist
• sosyal adalet

The Contributions and Exemplary Works of Jane Addams, One of the Pioneering Figures in the History of Social Work

Öz

Jane Addams is recognized as one of the most important pioneers in the history of social welfare and social work. In the early 20th century, Addams came to prominence in America for her roles as a social reformer, women's rights advocate and peace activist. In 1889, Jane Addams established Hull House in Chicago, where she initiated groundbreaking work on urban poverty. At Hull House, she effectively employed methods and techniques for working with individuals, groups, and communities at micro, mezzo, and macro levels. She utilized social policy as an instrumental tool in addressing issues on both local and national scales. Through this approach, she facilitated the development of sustainable solutions for the protective, preventive, and rehabilitative interventions of social work in collaboration with policymakers.All of Addams' struggles were rooted in principles such as human rights, equality, social justice, world peace, and democracy. It is evident that Addams’ ideas, philosophy, and works are entirely consistent with the latest definition of social work established in 2014. Addams also contributed to the establishment of the American Civil Liberties Union and sought to prevent the United States from entering World War I, leading to her being labeled a radical activist by the U.S. government. In 1931, she became the first woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for her anti-war efforts and international peacebuilding initiatives. It is deemed essential for social work education institutions to integrate into their curricula Addams' methods, which operate at both the micro and macro levels, alongside a strong emphasis on the humanities. Furthermore, the incorporation of case-based learning is seen as a necessary contribution to contemporary social work education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Activist
• Jane Addams
• social justice
• social work

Kaynakça

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