Araştırma Makalesi
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Uluslararası Sağlık Sözleşmelerinden Yerel Karantina Uygulamasına: Geç Osmanlı Hac Trafiği Düzenlemelerinde Kamaran Adası

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 505 - 548 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
https://izlik.org/JA56DM57RZ

Öz

Bu çalışma, geç Osmanlı döneminde Kamaran Adası’nın stratejik, siyasi ve sağlık açısından önemini değerlendirir; adanın hem uluslararası Hac seferlerinin düzenlenmesindeki rolünü hem de küresel sağlık yönetişimi içindeki yerine odaklanır. Kızıldeniz’in güney girişinde yer alan Kamaran, Hindistan ile Hicaz arasında seyahat eden hacıların başlıca karantina istasyonu olarak hizmet vermiş; aynı zamanda Osmanlı idari otoritesinin bir yansıması ve İngiliz emperyal gözetiminin bir aracı hâline gelmiştir.
Büyük ölçüde İngiliz ve Osmanlı arşiv kaynaklarına dayanan araştırma, adanın nasıl hem tıbbi bir sınır hattına hem de jeopolitik rekabet alanına dönüştüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Kamaran’ı 19. yüzyıl sonu ve 20. yüzyıl başındaki uluslararası sağlık sözleşmeleri, normları ve konferansları bağlamında ele alan çalışma, bu çerçevede salgın hastalıklara karşı imparatorluklar arası iş birliğinin kurumsallaşmasını ve değişen küresel güç dengelerini yansıtmaktadır.
Din, imparatorluk ve halk sağlığı kesişimini vurgulayan çalışma, sağlık tedbirleri ile altyapı yatırımlarının egemenlik ve denetim araçlarına nasıl dönüştüğünü göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Tarihsel uluslararası ilişkiler yaklaşımını benimseyen araştırma, Kamaran’ın karantina rejimini Doğu Akdeniz ve Kızıldeniz’in jeopolitik ve sağlık dinamikleri içinde konumlandırmakta; Osmanlı–İngiliz rekabetinin deniz sağlığı yönetimi ve Hac trafiği üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyarak alana özgün bir katkı sunmaktadır.

Proje Numarası

1059B192400116

Kaynakça

  • The National Archives in London (PRO), FO (Foreign Office)
  • F.O. 368/732, F.O. 368/732, No. 6049; F.O. 424/513, Inclosure 1 in No. 1, F.O. 424/513, No. 1; F0 542/1, Inclosure 1 in No. 54*, F.O. 542/1, No.28, F.O. 542/1, No. Inclosure in No 35*, F.O. 542/1, Inclosure 2 in No. 84; F.O. 542/10, Inclosure in No. 52; F.O. 542/16, Inclosure in No. 23; F.O. 542/2, No. 5, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure 2 in No. 170, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure in No. 3, F.O. 542/5, No. 3; F.O. 542/6, No. 12. F.O. 881/5155X.
  • Presidency State Archives Ottoman Archive (BOA)
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1352/23, H-23-09-1303 (M. 25 Haziran 1886).
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1406/57, H-27-06-1304 (M. 23 Mart 1887).
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2255/10, H-21-11-1301 (M. 12 Eylül 1884)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 225/26/2, H-07-11-1340.(M. 6 Mart 1922)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2481/9, H-27-08-1301 (M. 22 Haziran 1884)
  • BOA. Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi (HR.SYS.), 2411/27, M.17-07-1915.
  • BOA. Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları (MV.), 65/30, H-07-11-1308 (M. 14 Haziran 1891).
  • Adak, Ufuk. “Materiality of Sanitation in the Late Ottoman Empire: Urla ( Klazomenai ) Quarantine in Izmir.” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602006.
  • Bezio, Kelly. “The Nineteenth-Century Quarantine Narrative.” Literature and Medicine 31/1 (March 2013): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2013.0007.
  • Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir. “Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*.” Past & Present 253/1 (November 1, 2021): 235–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017.
  • Hardy, Anne. “Cholera, Quarantine and the English Preventive System, 1850–1895.” Medical History 37/3 (July 1993): 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300058440.
  • Harrison, Mark. Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
  • Huber, Valeska. “Pandemics and the Politics of Difference: Rewriting the History of Internationalism through Nineteenth-Century Cholera.” Journal of Global History 15/3 (November 2020): 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022820000236.
  • Huber, Valeska. “The Unification of The Globe by Disease? The International Sanitary Conferences on Cholera 1851–1894.” The Historical Journal 49/2 (June 2006): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005280.
  • McDonald, J C. “The History of Quarantine in Britain during the 19th Century.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 25 (1951): 22–44.
  • Minkin, Shane Elizabeth, In Life as in Death: The Port, Foreign, Charities, Hospitals and Cemeteries in Alexandria, Egypt 1865-1914, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, New York University, September 2009.
  • Pati, Biswamoy - Harrison, Mark. The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India. Ed. Biswamoy Pati - Mark Harrison. 1st Ed. Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886984.
  • Radcliffe, J. Netten. “The Diffusion of Cholera and its Prevalence in Europe.” House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, 1875, vol. XL, Appendix 1. London.
  • Sarıyıldız, Gülden. "Karantina Meclisi'nin Kuruluşu ve Faaliyetleri", Belleten 58 (1994): 329-376. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1994.329.
  • Sealey, Anne. “Globalizing the 1926 International Sanitary Convention.” Journal of Global History 6/3 (November 2011): 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022811000404.
  • Tsiamis, Costas - Hatzara, Chrisoula - Vrioni, Georgia. “The Suez Canal under Quarantine: Sanitary History of the Mediterranean Gateway (19th–21st Centuries).” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602003.
  • White, Alexandre I. R. Epidemic Orientalism: Race, Capital, and the Governance of Infectious Disease. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2023.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 505 - 548 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
https://izlik.org/JA56DM57RZ

Öz

Proje Numarası

1059B192400116

Kaynakça

  • The National Archives in London (PRO), FO (Foreign Office)
  • F.O. 368/732, F.O. 368/732, No. 6049; F.O. 424/513, Inclosure 1 in No. 1, F.O. 424/513, No. 1; F0 542/1, Inclosure 1 in No. 54*, F.O. 542/1, No.28, F.O. 542/1, No. Inclosure in No 35*, F.O. 542/1, Inclosure 2 in No. 84; F.O. 542/10, Inclosure in No. 52; F.O. 542/16, Inclosure in No. 23; F.O. 542/2, No. 5, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure 2 in No. 170, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure in No. 3, F.O. 542/5, No. 3; F.O. 542/6, No. 12. F.O. 881/5155X.
  • Presidency State Archives Ottoman Archive (BOA)
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1352/23, H-23-09-1303 (M. 25 Haziran 1886).
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1406/57, H-27-06-1304 (M. 23 Mart 1887).
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2255/10, H-21-11-1301 (M. 12 Eylül 1884)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 225/26/2, H-07-11-1340.(M. 6 Mart 1922)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2481/9, H-27-08-1301 (M. 22 Haziran 1884)
  • BOA. Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi (HR.SYS.), 2411/27, M.17-07-1915.
  • BOA. Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları (MV.), 65/30, H-07-11-1308 (M. 14 Haziran 1891).
  • Adak, Ufuk. “Materiality of Sanitation in the Late Ottoman Empire: Urla ( Klazomenai ) Quarantine in Izmir.” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602006.
  • Bezio, Kelly. “The Nineteenth-Century Quarantine Narrative.” Literature and Medicine 31/1 (March 2013): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2013.0007.
  • Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir. “Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*.” Past & Present 253/1 (November 1, 2021): 235–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017.
  • Hardy, Anne. “Cholera, Quarantine and the English Preventive System, 1850–1895.” Medical History 37/3 (July 1993): 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300058440.
  • Harrison, Mark. Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
  • Huber, Valeska. “Pandemics and the Politics of Difference: Rewriting the History of Internationalism through Nineteenth-Century Cholera.” Journal of Global History 15/3 (November 2020): 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022820000236.
  • Huber, Valeska. “The Unification of The Globe by Disease? The International Sanitary Conferences on Cholera 1851–1894.” The Historical Journal 49/2 (June 2006): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005280.
  • McDonald, J C. “The History of Quarantine in Britain during the 19th Century.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 25 (1951): 22–44.
  • Minkin, Shane Elizabeth, In Life as in Death: The Port, Foreign, Charities, Hospitals and Cemeteries in Alexandria, Egypt 1865-1914, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, New York University, September 2009.
  • Pati, Biswamoy - Harrison, Mark. The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India. Ed. Biswamoy Pati - Mark Harrison. 1st Ed. Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886984.
  • Radcliffe, J. Netten. “The Diffusion of Cholera and its Prevalence in Europe.” House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, 1875, vol. XL, Appendix 1. London.
  • Sarıyıldız, Gülden. "Karantina Meclisi'nin Kuruluşu ve Faaliyetleri", Belleten 58 (1994): 329-376. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1994.329.
  • Sealey, Anne. “Globalizing the 1926 International Sanitary Convention.” Journal of Global History 6/3 (November 2011): 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022811000404.
  • Tsiamis, Costas - Hatzara, Chrisoula - Vrioni, Georgia. “The Suez Canal under Quarantine: Sanitary History of the Mediterranean Gateway (19th–21st Centuries).” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602003.
  • White, Alexandre I. R. Epidemic Orientalism: Race, Capital, and the Governance of Infectious Disease. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2023.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 505 - 548 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
https://izlik.org/JA56DM57RZ

Öz

Proje Numarası

1059B192400116

Kaynakça

  • The National Archives in London (PRO), FO (Foreign Office)
  • F.O. 368/732, F.O. 368/732, No. 6049; F.O. 424/513, Inclosure 1 in No. 1, F.O. 424/513, No. 1; F0 542/1, Inclosure 1 in No. 54*, F.O. 542/1, No.28, F.O. 542/1, No. Inclosure in No 35*, F.O. 542/1, Inclosure 2 in No. 84; F.O. 542/10, Inclosure in No. 52; F.O. 542/16, Inclosure in No. 23; F.O. 542/2, No. 5, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure 2 in No. 170, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure in No. 3, F.O. 542/5, No. 3; F.O. 542/6, No. 12. F.O. 881/5155X.
  • Presidency State Archives Ottoman Archive (BOA)
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1352/23, H-23-09-1303 (M. 25 Haziran 1886).
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1406/57, H-27-06-1304 (M. 23 Mart 1887).
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2255/10, H-21-11-1301 (M. 12 Eylül 1884)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 225/26/2, H-07-11-1340.(M. 6 Mart 1922)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2481/9, H-27-08-1301 (M. 22 Haziran 1884)
  • BOA. Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi (HR.SYS.), 2411/27, M.17-07-1915.
  • BOA. Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları (MV.), 65/30, H-07-11-1308 (M. 14 Haziran 1891).
  • Adak, Ufuk. “Materiality of Sanitation in the Late Ottoman Empire: Urla ( Klazomenai ) Quarantine in Izmir.” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602006.
  • Bezio, Kelly. “The Nineteenth-Century Quarantine Narrative.” Literature and Medicine 31/1 (March 2013): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2013.0007.
  • Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir. “Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*.” Past & Present 253/1 (November 1, 2021): 235–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017.
  • Hardy, Anne. “Cholera, Quarantine and the English Preventive System, 1850–1895.” Medical History 37/3 (July 1993): 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300058440.
  • Harrison, Mark. Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
  • Huber, Valeska. “Pandemics and the Politics of Difference: Rewriting the History of Internationalism through Nineteenth-Century Cholera.” Journal of Global History 15/3 (November 2020): 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022820000236.
  • Huber, Valeska. “The Unification of The Globe by Disease? The International Sanitary Conferences on Cholera 1851–1894.” The Historical Journal 49/2 (June 2006): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005280.
  • McDonald, J C. “The History of Quarantine in Britain during the 19th Century.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 25 (1951): 22–44.
  • Minkin, Shane Elizabeth, In Life as in Death: The Port, Foreign, Charities, Hospitals and Cemeteries in Alexandria, Egypt 1865-1914, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, New York University, September 2009.
  • Pati, Biswamoy - Harrison, Mark. The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India. Ed. Biswamoy Pati - Mark Harrison. 1st Ed. Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886984.
  • Radcliffe, J. Netten. “The Diffusion of Cholera and its Prevalence in Europe.” House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, 1875, vol. XL, Appendix 1. London.
  • Sarıyıldız, Gülden. "Karantina Meclisi'nin Kuruluşu ve Faaliyetleri", Belleten 58 (1994): 329-376. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1994.329.
  • Sealey, Anne. “Globalizing the 1926 International Sanitary Convention.” Journal of Global History 6/3 (November 2011): 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022811000404.
  • Tsiamis, Costas - Hatzara, Chrisoula - Vrioni, Georgia. “The Suez Canal under Quarantine: Sanitary History of the Mediterranean Gateway (19th–21st Centuries).” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602003.
  • White, Alexandre I. R. Epidemic Orientalism: Race, Capital, and the Governance of Infectious Disease. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2023.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 505 - 548 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
https://izlik.org/JA56DM57RZ

Öz

Proje Numarası

1059B192400116

Kaynakça

  • The National Archives in London (PRO), FO (Foreign Office)
  • F.O. 368/732, F.O. 368/732, No. 6049; F.O. 424/513, Inclosure 1 in No. 1, F.O. 424/513, No. 1; F0 542/1, Inclosure 1 in No. 54*, F.O. 542/1, No.28, F.O. 542/1, No. Inclosure in No 35*, F.O. 542/1, Inclosure 2 in No. 84; F.O. 542/10, Inclosure in No. 52; F.O. 542/16, Inclosure in No. 23; F.O. 542/2, No. 5, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure 2 in No. 170, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure in No. 3, F.O. 542/5, No. 3; F.O. 542/6, No. 12. F.O. 881/5155X.
  • Presidency State Archives Ottoman Archive (BOA)
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1352/23, H-23-09-1303 (M. 25 Haziran 1886).
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1406/57, H-27-06-1304 (M. 23 Mart 1887).
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2255/10, H-21-11-1301 (M. 12 Eylül 1884)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 225/26/2, H-07-11-1340.(M. 6 Mart 1922)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2481/9, H-27-08-1301 (M. 22 Haziran 1884)
  • BOA. Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi (HR.SYS.), 2411/27, M.17-07-1915.
  • BOA. Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları (MV.), 65/30, H-07-11-1308 (M. 14 Haziran 1891).
  • Adak, Ufuk. “Materiality of Sanitation in the Late Ottoman Empire: Urla ( Klazomenai ) Quarantine in Izmir.” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602006.
  • Bezio, Kelly. “The Nineteenth-Century Quarantine Narrative.” Literature and Medicine 31/1 (March 2013): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2013.0007.
  • Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir. “Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*.” Past & Present 253/1 (November 1, 2021): 235–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017.
  • Hardy, Anne. “Cholera, Quarantine and the English Preventive System, 1850–1895.” Medical History 37/3 (July 1993): 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300058440.
  • Harrison, Mark. Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
  • Huber, Valeska. “Pandemics and the Politics of Difference: Rewriting the History of Internationalism through Nineteenth-Century Cholera.” Journal of Global History 15/3 (November 2020): 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022820000236.
  • Huber, Valeska. “The Unification of The Globe by Disease? The International Sanitary Conferences on Cholera 1851–1894.” The Historical Journal 49/2 (June 2006): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005280.
  • McDonald, J C. “The History of Quarantine in Britain during the 19th Century.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 25 (1951): 22–44.
  • Minkin, Shane Elizabeth, In Life as in Death: The Port, Foreign, Charities, Hospitals and Cemeteries in Alexandria, Egypt 1865-1914, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, New York University, September 2009.
  • Pati, Biswamoy - Harrison, Mark. The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India. Ed. Biswamoy Pati - Mark Harrison. 1st Ed. Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886984.
  • Radcliffe, J. Netten. “The Diffusion of Cholera and its Prevalence in Europe.” House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, 1875, vol. XL, Appendix 1. London.
  • Sarıyıldız, Gülden. "Karantina Meclisi'nin Kuruluşu ve Faaliyetleri", Belleten 58 (1994): 329-376. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1994.329.
  • Sealey, Anne. “Globalizing the 1926 International Sanitary Convention.” Journal of Global History 6/3 (November 2011): 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022811000404.
  • Tsiamis, Costas - Hatzara, Chrisoula - Vrioni, Georgia. “The Suez Canal under Quarantine: Sanitary History of the Mediterranean Gateway (19th–21st Centuries).” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602003.
  • White, Alexandre I. R. Epidemic Orientalism: Race, Capital, and the Governance of Infectious Disease. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2023.

From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 505 - 548 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
https://izlik.org/JA56DM57RZ

Öz

This study evaluates Camaran Island’s strategic, political, and sanitary significance in the late Ottoman era, focusing on its role in the international regulation of Hajj voyages and within the broader architecture of global health governance. At the Red Sea’s southern gateway, Camaran operated as the principal quarantine station for pilgrims moving between India and the Hejaz, while also serving as both an expression of Ottoman administrative authority and a node of British imperial surveillance.
Drawing on British and Ottoman archives, the study shows how Camaran became both a medical frontier and a geopolitical battleground. Placing the island within late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century international sanitary conventions and conferences, it underscores the institutionalization of inter-imperial cooperation against epidemics and the concurrent reconfiguration of global power within the Eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea.
Highlighting the intersection of religion, empire, and public health, the article shows how sanitary measures and infrastructure became instruments of sovereignty and control. Adopting historical international relations approach, the study evaluates Camaran’s quarantine regime within the geopolitical and sanitary dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Red Sea, offering an original contribution to the field by demonstrating how Ottoman–British rivalry shaped maritime health governance and the regulation of Hajj traffic.

Etik Beyan

This research was funded by the TÜBİTAK 2219 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship and carried out during a visiting appointment at the University of Cambridge.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

1059B192400116

Kaynakça

  • The National Archives in London (PRO), FO (Foreign Office)
  • F.O. 368/732, F.O. 368/732, No. 6049; F.O. 424/513, Inclosure 1 in No. 1, F.O. 424/513, No. 1; F0 542/1, Inclosure 1 in No. 54*, F.O. 542/1, No.28, F.O. 542/1, No. Inclosure in No 35*, F.O. 542/1, Inclosure 2 in No. 84; F.O. 542/10, Inclosure in No. 52; F.O. 542/16, Inclosure in No. 23; F.O. 542/2, No. 5, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure 2 in No. 170, F.O. 542/5, Inclosure in No. 3, F.O. 542/5, No. 3; F.O. 542/6, No. 12. F.O. 881/5155X.
  • Presidency State Archives Ottoman Archive (BOA)
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1352/23, H-23-09-1303 (M. 25 Haziran 1886).
  • BOA. Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.), 1406/57, H-27-06-1304 (M. 23 Mart 1887).
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2255/10, H-21-11-1301 (M. 12 Eylül 1884)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 225/26/2, H-07-11-1340.(M. 6 Mart 1922)
  • BOA. Şura-yı Devlet Evrakı (ŞD.), 2481/9, H-27-08-1301 (M. 22 Haziran 1884)
  • BOA. Hariciye Nezareti Siyasi (HR.SYS.), 2411/27, M.17-07-1915.
  • BOA. Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları (MV.), 65/30, H-07-11-1308 (M. 14 Haziran 1891).
  • Adak, Ufuk. “Materiality of Sanitation in the Late Ottoman Empire: Urla ( Klazomenai ) Quarantine in Izmir.” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602006.
  • Bezio, Kelly. “The Nineteenth-Century Quarantine Narrative.” Literature and Medicine 31/1 (March 2013): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2013.0007.
  • Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir. “Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*.” Past & Present 253/1 (November 1, 2021): 235–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017.
  • Hardy, Anne. “Cholera, Quarantine and the English Preventive System, 1850–1895.” Medical History 37/3 (July 1993): 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300058440.
  • Harrison, Mark. Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
  • Huber, Valeska. “Pandemics and the Politics of Difference: Rewriting the History of Internationalism through Nineteenth-Century Cholera.” Journal of Global History 15/3 (November 2020): 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022820000236.
  • Huber, Valeska. “The Unification of The Globe by Disease? The International Sanitary Conferences on Cholera 1851–1894.” The Historical Journal 49/2 (June 2006): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005280.
  • McDonald, J C. “The History of Quarantine in Britain during the 19th Century.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 25 (1951): 22–44.
  • Minkin, Shane Elizabeth, In Life as in Death: The Port, Foreign, Charities, Hospitals and Cemeteries in Alexandria, Egypt 1865-1914, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, New York University, September 2009.
  • Pati, Biswamoy - Harrison, Mark. The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India. Ed. Biswamoy Pati - Mark Harrison. 1st Ed. Routledge, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886984.
  • Radcliffe, J. Netten. “The Diffusion of Cholera and its Prevalence in Europe.” House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, 1875, vol. XL, Appendix 1. London.
  • Sarıyıldız, Gülden. "Karantina Meclisi'nin Kuruluşu ve Faaliyetleri", Belleten 58 (1994): 329-376. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1994.329.
  • Sealey, Anne. “Globalizing the 1926 International Sanitary Convention.” Journal of Global History 6/3 (November 2011): 431–455. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022811000404.
  • Tsiamis, Costas - Hatzara, Chrisoula - Vrioni, Georgia. “The Suez Canal under Quarantine: Sanitary History of the Mediterranean Gateway (19th–21st Centuries).” SHS Web of Conferences. Ed. F.J. Martínez - C. Miralles-Buil 136 (2022): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213602003.
  • White, Alexandre I. R. Epidemic Orientalism: Race, Capital, and the Governance of Infectious Disease. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2023.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yakınçağ Akdeniz Tarihi, Yakınçağ Ortadoğu Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Recep Kürekli 0000-0002-8513-8433

Proje Numarası 1059B192400116
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
IZ https://izlik.org/JA56DM57RZ
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kürekli, R. (2026). From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 505-548. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
AMA 1.Kürekli R. From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations. VAKANÜVİS. 2026;11(1):505-548. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714
Chicago Kürekli, Recep. 2026. “From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (1): 505-48. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714.
EndNote Kürekli R (01 Mart 2026) From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 1 505–548.
IEEE [1]R. Kürekli, “From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations”, VAKANÜVİS, c. 11, sy 1, ss. 505–548, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714.
ISNAD Kürekli, Recep. “From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/1 (01 Mart 2026): 505-548. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714.
JAMA 1.Kürekli R. From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations. VAKANÜVİS. 2026;11:505–548.
MLA Kürekli, Recep. “From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 11, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 505-48, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714.
Vancouver 1.Recep Kürekli. From International Sanitary Conventions to Local Quarantine Practice: Camaran Island in the Late Ottoman Pilgrim Traffic Regulations. VAKANÜVİS. 01 Mart 2026;11(1):505-48. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1803714


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