Reflections of the 1890 Brussels Conference on the Abolition of the Slave Trade in the Ottoman Press

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 2525 - 2550, 30.09.2025

Galip Varoğlu

https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1565439

Öz

Although the Atlantic slave trade was a great black mark for European countries, the efforts to outlaw slavery in the late 19th century are worthy of appreciation. The civil society movements, which first started in England, spread across the continent in time and became an international issue that European countries attached political importance to. Perhaps the last link in this endeavour was the intensive anti-slavery propaganda of the French-born Cardinal Lavigerie of Algeria through Islam and the Brussels conference held as a result. The addressee of this propaganda was the Ottoman Empire, both as the representative of the Caliphate and as a European State. In this article, after briefly mentioning the process, the reflections of the issue on Ottoman newspapers will be analysed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Slavery , Brussels Conference , Cardinal Lavigerie , Ottoman Press , Anti-Islamism

Köle Ticaretinin Yasaklanmasına Dair 1890 Brüksel Konferansının Osmanlı Basınına Yansımaları

Öz

Atlantik köle ticareti her ne kadar Avrupa ülkeleri için büyük bir kara leke ise de XIX. yüzyılın sonlarında köleliği yasaklama girişimleri takdire değer bir çabadır. Öncelikle İngiltere’de başlayan sivil toplum hareketleri zamanla kıtaya yayılmış ve Avrupa ülkelerinin siyasi olarak önem verdiği bir uluslararası mesele olmuştur. Bu çabanın belki de son halkası Fransız asıllı Cezayir Kardinali Lavigerie’nin İslam üzerinden kölelik karşıtı yoğun propagandası ve sonucunda yapılan Brüksel Konferansıdır. Bu propagandanın muhatabı ise hem bir Avrupa Devleti olarak hem de halifeliğin temsilcisi olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’dur. Bu makalede kısaca köleliğin kaldırılma sürecinden bahsedildikten sonra konunun Osmanlı gazetelerine yansımaları incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kölelik , Brüksel Konferansı , Kardinal Lavigerie , Osmanlı Basını , İslam Karşıtlığı , Slavery , Brussels Conference , Cardinal Lavigerie , Ottoman Press , Anti-Islamism

Kaynakça

• Ceride, 13, 25 Eylül 1890.
• Charles Bigot , La République française, 16 September 1888.
• Mecmua-i Fünun Askeri 208 28.11.1889
• Mürüvvet, 192, 01.01.1889.
• Mürüvvet, 323, 06.06.1889.
• Mürüvvet, 374, 05.08.1889.
• Mürüvvet, 498, 23.02.1890.
• Mürüvvet, 77, 16.11.1890.
• Mürüvvet, 110, 27.09.1888.
• Mürüvvet, 471, 25.01.1890.
• Mürüvvet 485 10.02.1890.
• Le Cardinal Charles Lavigerie, La République française, 18 September 1888.
• Saadet, 1101, 11.08.1888.
• Saadet, 1126, 11.09.1888.
• Saadet, 1136, 24.09.1888.
• Saadet, 1295, 28.03.1889.
• Saadet, 1494, 21-11-1899.
• Sabah, 167, 12.02.1890.
• Sabah, 92, 30.11.1889.
• Sabah, 96, 04.12.1889.
• Sabah, 122, 30.12.1889.
• Sabah, 192, 10.03.1890.
• Tercüman-ı Hakikat, 3669, 03-10-1890.
• Tercüman-ı Hakikat, 3433, 20.11.1889.
• Tercüman-ı Hakikat, 26.06.1891
• Al Ghailan, Yusuf A. , “British Early Intervention in the Slave Trade With Oman 1822-1873”. History Research, 5 (4),(2015), s.225-238.
• Bayly, Christopher Alan, Modern Dünyanın Doğuşu, Küresel Bağlantılar ve Karşılaştırmalar 1780-1914, İstanbul, 2014.
• Burbank, Jane ve Cooper, Frederick, İmparatorluklar Tarihi: Farklılıkların Yönetimi ve Egemenlik ,İstanbul, 2018.
• Burridge, William, Destiny Africa: Cardinal Lavigerie and the making of the White Fathers, London, 1966.
• Clark, Roger S. , British Anti-Slave-Trade Treaties with African and Arab Leaders as Precursors of Modern Suppression Conventions, Neil Boister vd. (Ed.), Histories of Transnational Criminal Law, Oxford University Press, (2021), s. 159.
• COLLINS, Jonathan, A Rough-and-tumble business”?- The Arab-Swahili Long-Distance Trade and the Mweru-Tanganyika Corridor from c. 1850 to c. 1900, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kent, 2014.
• Cucarella, Diego R. Sarrio, “Lavigerie and Islam, an ambiguous legacy”, Islamochristiana 46 (2020), 141-156.
• de Arteche , José, The Cardinal of Africa: Charles Lavigerie, Founder of the White Fathers, London, 1964.
• Drescher, S., “Public Opinion and Parliament in the Abolition of the British Slave Trade”, Parliamentary History, 26, (2007), s. 42-65.
• Edgerton, R. B., The troubled heart of Africa, a Hisyory of Congo, New York, 2002.
• Erdem, Hakan ,Osmanlıda Köleliğin Sonu 1800-1909, İstanbul, 2013.
• Fage, J. D., “Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Context of West African History.”, The Journal of African History, 10/3 (1969), s. 393–404.
• Gilbert, Erik ve Reynolds, Jonathan, Dünya Tarihinde Afrika, Tarih Öncesinden Günümüze, İstanbul 2016,
• Hasan, Yusuf Fadl, “SOME ASPECTS OF THE ARAB SLAVE TRADE FROM THE SUDAN 7th — 19th CENTURY.” Sudan Notes and Records 58 (1977): 85–106.
• Haustein, Jörg, Islam in German East Africa, 1885–1918: A Genealogy of Colonial Religion, Cambridge, 2023.
• Kotil, Bilal Ali, “Extraterritorial Slaves: Late Ottoman Paternalism and the International Debate on Slavery.” The International History Review 45 (1), 2022, 63–80.
• Laqua, Daniel, “The Tensions of Internationalism: Transnational Anti-Slavery in the 1880s and 1890s.” The International History Review 33/ 4 (2011): 705–26.
• Nunn, Nathan , “The Long-term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123/1, s. 139–176.
• Oliver ,Roland ve Atmore, Anthony, Africa since 1800, Cambridge, 2005.
• Osterhammel ,Jürgen, Dönüşen Dünya -Küresel 19. Yüzyıl Tarih-,İstanbul 2022.
• Perry, Craig, (Ed.), The Greater Mediterranean Slave Trade, The Cambridge World History of Slavery, C. 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Thornton, John, “Precolonial African Industry and the Atlantic Trade, 1500-1800.” African Economic History, 19 (1990), s. 1–19.
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley
• https://dacb.org/stories/algeria/lavigerie-charles/
• https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz35524.html#ndbcontent
• https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/emin-pasa
• https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kole