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Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Pelvik Taban Rehabilitasyonundaki Rolü: Bir Literatür Derlemesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 147 - 155, 30.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1660153

Öz

Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyon gelişimsel kinezyolojiye dayanan ve entegre spinal stabilizayon sistemi hedef alan rehabilite edici bir yaklaşımdır. Pelvik taban bu sistemin önemli bir bileşenidir. Bu literatür derlemesi, Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyonun pelvik taban problemlerindeki etkinliğini keşfetme girişimidir. Ek olarak, bu inceleme literatürde pelvik taban rehabilitasyonunda Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyon etkinliği ile ilgili mevcut boşlukları belirlemeyi ve Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyonun, geleneksel pelvik taban egzersizlerine alternatif bir müdahale yöntemi olarak kullanılabilmesini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Geleneksel pelvik taban rehabilitasyonu yaklaşımı yalnızca pelvik taban kaslarının güçlendirilmesine odaklanır. Ancak ortaya çıkan kanıtlar, en iyi sonuçları elde etmede diğer core kaslarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyon egzersizleri, izole bir şekilde tek tek kasları hedeflemek yerine, tüm core kas sisteminin kapsamlı aktivasyonunu ve güçlendirilmesini teşvik edecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyonun çeşitli alanlarda giderek artan kanıt ve uygulamalarına rağmen, pelvik taban rehabilitasyonundaki potansiyelinin kapsamı ve etkileri hakkında sınırlı bir anlayış bulunmaktadır. Ancak mevcut bilgiler göz önüne alındığında, Dinamik Nöromusküler Stabilizasyon, pelvik taban rehabilitasyonu için umut verici bir müdahale gibi görünmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Benfiry N, Ganji B, Beigi SS. (2018). The effect of 8 weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) exercises on the performance and quality of men and women's life with apoplexy (stroke). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 10(1), 83-93.
  • Borghuis J, Hof AL, Lemmink KA. (2008). The importance of sensory-motor control in providing core stability: implications for measurement and training. Sports Medicine, 38, 893-916.
  • Bradley D, Chaitow, L, Gilbert C. (2014). Recognizing and treating breathing disorders. E-book.
  • Comerford M, Mottram S. (2012). Kinetic Control. The Management of Uncontrolled Movement; Elsevier: Chatswood, Australia.
  • Dumoulin, C, Hay‐Smith J, Habée‐Séguin GM, Mercier J. (2015). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women: a short version Cochrane systematic review with meta‐analysis. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 34(4), 300-308.
  • Eickmeyer S. (2017). Anatomy and physiology of the pelvic floor. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 28(3), 455–460.
  • Flusberg M, Kobi M, Bahrami S, Glanc P, Palmer S, Chernyak V, et al. (2019). Multimodality imaging of pelvic floor anatomy. Abdominal Radiology, 46, 1302-1311.
  • Frank C, Kobesova A, Kolar P. (2013). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization & sports rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 8(1), 62.
  • Ghavipanje V, Rahimi NM, Akhlaghi F. (2022). Six weeks effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training in obese postpartum women with low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Biological Research for Nursing, 24(1), 106-114.
  • Gulrandhe P, Kovela RK. (2023). The effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation on core strength: a literature review. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 17(7).
  • Gungor I, Beji NK. (2011). Lifestyle changes for the prevention and management of lower urinary tract symptoms in women. International Journal of Urological Nursing, 5(1), 3-13.
  • Hodges PW. (1999). Is there a role for transversus abdominis in lumbo-pelvic stability? Manual Therapy, 4(2), 74-86.
  • Hodges PW, Richardson CA. (1999). Altered trunk muscle recruitment in people with low back pain with upper limb movement at different speeds. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(9), 1005-1012.
  • Hodges PW, Sapsford R, Pengel LH. (2007). Postural and respiratory functions of the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 26(3), 362-371.
  • Judge M, Tronik N. (2021). Comparing Traditional Exercises and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Techniques for Treating Women with Urinary Incontinence (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University).
  • Junginger B, Baessler K, Sapsford R, Hodges PW. (2010). Effect of abdominal and pelvic floor tasks on muscle activity, abdominal pressure and bladder neck. International Urogynecology Journal, 21, 69-77.
  • Karartı C, Özsoy İ, Özyurt F, Basat HÇ. Özsoy G, Özüdoğru A. (2023). The effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization approach on clinical outcomes in older patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Somatosensory & Motor Research, 40(3), 116-125.
  • Katarína R, Čief L. (2024). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization and its efficiency on sports performance. Slovak Journal of Sport Science. https://doi.org/10.24040/sjss.2024.9.1.19-29.
  • Kaushik M, Ahmad I. (2024). Bridging dynamic neuromuscular stabilization synergism with movement control ımpairment related non-specific low back pain: scoping review. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 24(4), 420–432.
  • Kaushik H, Choudhary A, Sharma, M. (2024). Effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization technique in neurological conditions: an updated review. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU.
  • Kenton KS, Smilen, SW. (2015). Urinary incontinence in women. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 21(6), 304–314.
  • Kobesova A, Andel R, Cizkova K, Kolar P, Kriz J. (2021). Can exercise targeting mid-thoracic spine segmental movement reduce back pain and improve sensory perception in cross-country skiers? Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 31(2), e86-e94.
  • Kobesova A, Davidek P, Morris CE, Andel R, Maxwell M, Oplatkova, L et al. (2020). Functional postural-stabilization tests according to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization approach: Proposal of novel examination protocol. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 24(3), 84-95.
  • Kobesova A, Kolar P. (2014). Developmental kinesiology: three levels of motor control in the assessment and treatment of the motor system. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 18(1), 23–33.
  • Kobesova A, Valouchova P, Kolar P. (2014). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization: exercises based on developmental kinesiology models. Functional Training Handbook, 25, 51.
  • Kolárˇ P. (2007). Facilitation of agonist-antagonist co-activation by reflex stimulation methods. Rehabilitation of the Spine, 531-565.
  • Kolar P, Kobesova A. (2010). 2.A.2. Postural–locomotion function in the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders. Clinical Chiropractic, 13(1), 58-68.
  • Kolar P, Kobesova A, Valouchova P, Bitnar P. (2014). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization: treatment methods. In Recognizing and Treating Breathing Disorders (pp. 163-167). Churchill Livingstone.
  • Krause AR. (2020). The Effect of Abdominal Stabilization Using Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Principles on Pelvic Instability in a Female Athlete. (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University).
  • Madle K, Svoboda P, Stribrny M, Novak J, Kolar P, Busch A et al. (2022). Abdominal wall tension increases using Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization principles in different postural positions. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 62, 102655.
  • Marand LA, Dehkordi SN, Roohi-Azizi M, Dadgoo M. (2023). Effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on balance, trunk function, falling, and spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 104(1), 90-101.
  • McGill SM, McDermott ART, Fenwick CM. (2009). Comparison of different strongman events: trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine motion, load, and stiffness. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1148-1161.
  • Milić Z. (2020). The effects of neuromuscular stabilization on increasing the functionality and mobility of the locomotor system. Sports Science and Health, 19(1), 54-59.
  • Mousavi SMS, Mirsafaei Rizi R. (2022). Effect of central stability and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises on pain, flexibility, balance, muscle endurance and quality of life in men with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 31(2), 136-149.
  • Muro S, Akita K. (2023). Pelvic floor and perineal muscles: a dynamic coordination between skeletal and smooth muscles on pelvic floor stabilization. Anatomical Science International, 98, 407 - 425.
  • Najafi Ghagholestani B, Gandomi F, Assar S, Richard Spears L. (2022). Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization and aquatic exercises on the pain, disability, lumbopelvic control, and spinal posture of patients with non-specific low back pain. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 20(3), 333-344.
  • Nosratikia R, Mahdavinejad R, Esmaeili H. (2023). Effect of 12 weeks Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization training on balance in People with Parkinson's disease. Studies in Sport Medicine, 14(34), 143-168.
  • Novotny JE, Beynnon BD, Nichols CE. (2000). Modeling the stability of the human glenohumeral joint during external rotation. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(3), 345-354.
  • Richardson C, Hodges P, Hides J. (2004). Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbopelvic Stabilization (Vol. 2004, p. e0157917). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Sapsford RR, Hodges PW, Richardson CA, Cooper DH, Markwell SJ, Jull GA. (2001). Co-activation of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during voluntary exercises. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 20(1), 31–42.
  • Shah MF. (2022). Effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on balance and gait parameters in patients with Alzheimer disease. Internatıonal Conference on Educational Sciences, Psychology, Sport Sciences and Physical Education. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/949685/en Sharma K, Gupta M, Parasher RK, Chawla JK. (2023). Comparing the efficacy of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises and Kegel Exercises on stress urinary ıncontinence in women: a pilot study. Cureus, 15(12), e50551.
  • Sharma K, Gupta M, Parasher RK. (2024). The role of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises in stress urinary ıncontinence among females aged 18-40 years. Cureus, 16(5), e59828.
  • Sharma K, Yadav A. (2020). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization-a narrative. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 10(9), 221-31.
  • Tim S, Mazur-Bialy AI. (2021). The most common functional disorders and factors affecting female pelvic floor. Life, 11(12), 1397.
  • Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K. (2019). Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 31(6), 485–493.
  • Yoon HS, Cha YJ, You JSH. (2020). Effects of dynamic core-postural chain stabilization on diaphragm movement, abdominal muscle thickness, and postural control in patients with subacute stroke: A randomized control trial. NeuroRehabilitation, 46(3), 381-389

The Role of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises in Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation: A Literature Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 147 - 155, 30.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1660153

Öz

Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon is a rehabilitative approach based on developmental kinesiology and targeting the integrated spinal stabilisation system. The pelvic floor is an important component of the integrated spinal stabilisation system. This literature review is an attempt to explore the effectiveness of Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon in pelvic floor problems. In addition, this review aims to identify existing gaps in the literature regarding the effectiveness of Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon in pelvic floor rehabilitation and to investigate the use of Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon as an alternative intervention method to traditional pelvic floor exercises. The traditional pelvic floor rehabilitation approach focuses solely on strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. However, emerging evidence emphasises the importance of other core muscles in achieving the best results. Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon exercises are designed to promote comprehensive activation and strengthening of the entire core musculature, rather than targeting individual muscles in isolation. Despite the growing evidence and applications of Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon in various fields, there is limited understanding of the extent and implications of its potential in pelvic floor rehabilitation. However, given the available information, Dynamıc Neuromuscular Stabılızatıon appears to be a promising intervention for pelvic floor rehabilitation

Kaynakça

  • Benfiry N, Ganji B, Beigi SS. (2018). The effect of 8 weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) exercises on the performance and quality of men and women's life with apoplexy (stroke). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 10(1), 83-93.
  • Borghuis J, Hof AL, Lemmink KA. (2008). The importance of sensory-motor control in providing core stability: implications for measurement and training. Sports Medicine, 38, 893-916.
  • Bradley D, Chaitow, L, Gilbert C. (2014). Recognizing and treating breathing disorders. E-book.
  • Comerford M, Mottram S. (2012). Kinetic Control. The Management of Uncontrolled Movement; Elsevier: Chatswood, Australia.
  • Dumoulin, C, Hay‐Smith J, Habée‐Séguin GM, Mercier J. (2015). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women: a short version Cochrane systematic review with meta‐analysis. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 34(4), 300-308.
  • Eickmeyer S. (2017). Anatomy and physiology of the pelvic floor. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 28(3), 455–460.
  • Flusberg M, Kobi M, Bahrami S, Glanc P, Palmer S, Chernyak V, et al. (2019). Multimodality imaging of pelvic floor anatomy. Abdominal Radiology, 46, 1302-1311.
  • Frank C, Kobesova A, Kolar P. (2013). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization & sports rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 8(1), 62.
  • Ghavipanje V, Rahimi NM, Akhlaghi F. (2022). Six weeks effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training in obese postpartum women with low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Biological Research for Nursing, 24(1), 106-114.
  • Gulrandhe P, Kovela RK. (2023). The effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation on core strength: a literature review. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 17(7).
  • Gungor I, Beji NK. (2011). Lifestyle changes for the prevention and management of lower urinary tract symptoms in women. International Journal of Urological Nursing, 5(1), 3-13.
  • Hodges PW. (1999). Is there a role for transversus abdominis in lumbo-pelvic stability? Manual Therapy, 4(2), 74-86.
  • Hodges PW, Richardson CA. (1999). Altered trunk muscle recruitment in people with low back pain with upper limb movement at different speeds. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(9), 1005-1012.
  • Hodges PW, Sapsford R, Pengel LH. (2007). Postural and respiratory functions of the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 26(3), 362-371.
  • Judge M, Tronik N. (2021). Comparing Traditional Exercises and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Techniques for Treating Women with Urinary Incontinence (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University).
  • Junginger B, Baessler K, Sapsford R, Hodges PW. (2010). Effect of abdominal and pelvic floor tasks on muscle activity, abdominal pressure and bladder neck. International Urogynecology Journal, 21, 69-77.
  • Karartı C, Özsoy İ, Özyurt F, Basat HÇ. Özsoy G, Özüdoğru A. (2023). The effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization approach on clinical outcomes in older patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Somatosensory & Motor Research, 40(3), 116-125.
  • Katarína R, Čief L. (2024). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization and its efficiency on sports performance. Slovak Journal of Sport Science. https://doi.org/10.24040/sjss.2024.9.1.19-29.
  • Kaushik M, Ahmad I. (2024). Bridging dynamic neuromuscular stabilization synergism with movement control ımpairment related non-specific low back pain: scoping review. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 24(4), 420–432.
  • Kaushik H, Choudhary A, Sharma, M. (2024). Effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization technique in neurological conditions: an updated review. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU.
  • Kenton KS, Smilen, SW. (2015). Urinary incontinence in women. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 21(6), 304–314.
  • Kobesova A, Andel R, Cizkova K, Kolar P, Kriz J. (2021). Can exercise targeting mid-thoracic spine segmental movement reduce back pain and improve sensory perception in cross-country skiers? Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 31(2), e86-e94.
  • Kobesova A, Davidek P, Morris CE, Andel R, Maxwell M, Oplatkova, L et al. (2020). Functional postural-stabilization tests according to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization approach: Proposal of novel examination protocol. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 24(3), 84-95.
  • Kobesova A, Kolar P. (2014). Developmental kinesiology: three levels of motor control in the assessment and treatment of the motor system. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 18(1), 23–33.
  • Kobesova A, Valouchova P, Kolar P. (2014). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization: exercises based on developmental kinesiology models. Functional Training Handbook, 25, 51.
  • Kolárˇ P. (2007). Facilitation of agonist-antagonist co-activation by reflex stimulation methods. Rehabilitation of the Spine, 531-565.
  • Kolar P, Kobesova A. (2010). 2.A.2. Postural–locomotion function in the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders. Clinical Chiropractic, 13(1), 58-68.
  • Kolar P, Kobesova A, Valouchova P, Bitnar P. (2014). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization: treatment methods. In Recognizing and Treating Breathing Disorders (pp. 163-167). Churchill Livingstone.
  • Krause AR. (2020). The Effect of Abdominal Stabilization Using Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Principles on Pelvic Instability in a Female Athlete. (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University).
  • Madle K, Svoboda P, Stribrny M, Novak J, Kolar P, Busch A et al. (2022). Abdominal wall tension increases using Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization principles in different postural positions. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 62, 102655.
  • Marand LA, Dehkordi SN, Roohi-Azizi M, Dadgoo M. (2023). Effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on balance, trunk function, falling, and spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 104(1), 90-101.
  • McGill SM, McDermott ART, Fenwick CM. (2009). Comparison of different strongman events: trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine motion, load, and stiffness. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1148-1161.
  • Milić Z. (2020). The effects of neuromuscular stabilization on increasing the functionality and mobility of the locomotor system. Sports Science and Health, 19(1), 54-59.
  • Mousavi SMS, Mirsafaei Rizi R. (2022). Effect of central stability and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercises on pain, flexibility, balance, muscle endurance and quality of life in men with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 31(2), 136-149.
  • Muro S, Akita K. (2023). Pelvic floor and perineal muscles: a dynamic coordination between skeletal and smooth muscles on pelvic floor stabilization. Anatomical Science International, 98, 407 - 425.
  • Najafi Ghagholestani B, Gandomi F, Assar S, Richard Spears L. (2022). Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization and aquatic exercises on the pain, disability, lumbopelvic control, and spinal posture of patients with non-specific low back pain. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 20(3), 333-344.
  • Nosratikia R, Mahdavinejad R, Esmaeili H. (2023). Effect of 12 weeks Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization training on balance in People with Parkinson's disease. Studies in Sport Medicine, 14(34), 143-168.
  • Novotny JE, Beynnon BD, Nichols CE. (2000). Modeling the stability of the human glenohumeral joint during external rotation. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(3), 345-354.
  • Richardson C, Hodges P, Hides J. (2004). Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbopelvic Stabilization (Vol. 2004, p. e0157917). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Sapsford RR, Hodges PW, Richardson CA, Cooper DH, Markwell SJ, Jull GA. (2001). Co-activation of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during voluntary exercises. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 20(1), 31–42.
  • Shah MF. (2022). Effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on balance and gait parameters in patients with Alzheimer disease. Internatıonal Conference on Educational Sciences, Psychology, Sport Sciences and Physical Education. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/949685/en Sharma K, Gupta M, Parasher RK, Chawla JK. (2023). Comparing the efficacy of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises and Kegel Exercises on stress urinary ıncontinence in women: a pilot study. Cureus, 15(12), e50551.
  • Sharma K, Gupta M, Parasher RK. (2024). The role of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises in stress urinary ıncontinence among females aged 18-40 years. Cureus, 16(5), e59828.
  • Sharma K, Yadav A. (2020). Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization-a narrative. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 10(9), 221-31.
  • Tim S, Mazur-Bialy AI. (2021). The most common functional disorders and factors affecting female pelvic floor. Life, 11(12), 1397.
  • Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K. (2019). Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 31(6), 485–493.
  • Yoon HS, Cha YJ, You JSH. (2020). Effects of dynamic core-postural chain stabilization on diaphragm movement, abdominal muscle thickness, and postural control in patients with subacute stroke: A randomized control trial. NeuroRehabilitation, 46(3), 381-389
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer), Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Gizem Türkmen 0009-0008-7363-5206

Nuriye Kurbetli 0000-0002-4267-9299

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkmen, G., & Kurbetli, N. (2025). The Role of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises in Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation: A Literature Review. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1660153

ISSN 

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