Sertoli Hücresi ve Kan-Testis Bariyeri

Yıl 2023, , 180 - 183, 29.07.2023

Yahya Abood Kareem Alesawi , Emel Ergün

https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1252455

Öz

Sertoli hücresi, testis morfolojisinin gelişimini başlatan ve spermatogenik fonksiyon için önemli parametreleri belirleyen kritik bir somatik hücredir. Sertoli hücre bariyeri olarak da bilinen ve memeli vücudundaki en sıkı doku bariyerlerinden biri olan kan testis bariyeri, postmayotik eşey hücre antijenlerini sistemik dolaşımdan ayırmak için immünolojik bir bariyerdir. Ayrıca, leptoten aşamasından adluminal bölmeye geçen spermatositlerin gelişimi için özel bir mikro ortam oluşturur. Su, elektrolitler, iyonlar, hormonlar, parakrin faktörler ve biyolojik moleküller gibi bazı maddelerin Sertoli hücrelerinin arasından apikale doğru geçişini kısıtlar. Spermatogenik hücreleri toksik ve ilaç içeren çevresel zararlı maddelerden, sistemik sirkulasyondaki hormonlar ve biyomoleküllerden ayırır. Neredeyse geçirimsiz olan bu bariyer, antikorlar da dahil olmak üzere proteinlerin spermatogenik hücrelere ulaşmasını engeller. Tersi yönde de gelişmekte olan spermatogenik hücrelerden protein sızmasını ve immun cevabı tetiklemesini engeller. Bu derlemede, Sertoli hücrelerinin fonksiyonel özellikleri ile kan-testis bariyerinin moleküler yapısı, bariyer dinamiklerine dahil olan maddeler ve spermatogenezisin gerçekleşmesindeki önemi ile ilgili bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kan-testis bariyeri, Sertoli hücresi, testis

The Sertoli Cell and Blood-Testis Barrier

Öz

The Sertoli cell is a critical somatic cell that initiates the development of testicular morphology and determines important parameters for spermatogenic function. The blood-testis barrier, also known as the Sertoli cell barrier and one of the tightest tissue barriers in the mammalian body, is an immunological barrier to separate post meiotic germ cell antigens from the systemic circulation. Additionally, creating a unique microenvironment for the development of spermatocytes that exceed into the adluminal compartment from the leptotene stage. It restricts the passage of substances such as paracrine factors, electrolytes, hormones, water, and biological molecules to the apical part of the seminiferous tubule. It separates spermatogenic cells from toxic and drug-containing environmentally harmful substances, hormones, and biomolecules in the systemic circulation. This nearly impenetrable barrier prevents proteins, including antibodies, from reaching the spermatogenic cells. It also prevents protein leakage from developing spermatogenic cells and forming an immune response. This review explains Sertoli's functional properties, the testis barrier's molecular structure, the substances involved in the barrier dynamics, and their importance in realizing spermatogenesis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blood-testis barrier, Sertoli cell, testis

Kaynakça

• Chen E, Lui WY, Mruk DD et al. (2018). Monitoring the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB): An in vivo assay. Editors: Alves MG, Oliveira PF, Methods in Molecular Biology, Sertoli Cells, 1748, 245-252, Springer Protocols, Humana Pres.
• Delva E, Tucker DK, Kowalczyk AP (2009). The desmosome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 1 (2), a002543.
• Du M, Young J, De Asis M et al. (2013). A novel subcellular machine contributes to basal junction remodeling in the seminiferous epithelium. Biol Reprod, 88 (3), 1-17.
• Hervé JC, Derangeon M, Sarrouilhe D, Bourmeyster N (2014). Influence of the scaffolding protein zonula occludens (ZOs) on membrane channels. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1838 (2), 595-604.
• Hofmann MC, McBeath E (2022). Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions within the niche: Paracrine and juxtacrine molecular communications. Front Endocrinol, 13, 897062.
• Lie PP, Cheng CY, Mruk DD (2011). The biology of the desmosome-like junction a versatile anchoring junction and signal transducer in the seminiferous epithelium. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol, 286, 223-269.
• Lie PP, Mruk DD, Mok KW et al. (2012). Focal adhesion kinase-Tyr407 and Tyr397 exhibit antagonistic effects on blood testis barrier dynamics in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 109 (31), 12562-12567.
• Luca G, Baroni T, Arato I et al. (2018). Role of Sertoli cell proteins in immunomodulation. Protein and Peptide Letters, 25 (5), 440-445.
• Lui WY, Lee WM, Cheng CY (2003a). TGF-betas: Their role in testicular function and Sertoli cell tight junction dynamics. Int J Androl, 26 (3), 147-160.
• Lui WY, Lee WM, Cheng CY (2003b). Transforming growth factor beta 3 regulates the dynamics of Sertoli cell tight junctions via the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Biol Reprod, 68 (5), 1597-1612.
• Lui WY, Mruk D, Lee WM, Cheng CY (2003b). Sertoli cell tight junction dynamics: Their regulation during spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod, 68 (4), 1087-1097.
• Magnanti M, Gandini O, Giuliani L et al. (2001). Erythropoietin expression in primary rat Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells. Blood, 98 (9), 2872-2874.
• Mao B, Bu T, Mruk D et al. (2020). Modulating the blood-testis barrier towards increasing drug delivery. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 41 (10), 690-700.
• Marchetti C, Hamdane M, Mitchell V et al. (2003). Immunolocalization of inhibin and activin alpha and betaB subunits and expression of corresponding messenger RNAs in the human adult testis. Biol Reprod, 68 (1), 230-235.
• Mok KW, Mruk DD, Lee WM, Cheng CY (2012). Spermatogonial stem cells alone are not sufficient to re-initiate spermatogenesis in the rat testis following adjudin-induced infertility. Int J Androl, 35 (1), 86-101.
• Morrow CM, Tyagi G, Simon L et al. (2009). Claudin 5 expression in mouse seminiferous epithelium is dependent upon the transcription factor ets variant 5 and contributes to blood-testis barrier function. Biol Reprod, 81 (5), 871-879.
• Mruk DD, Cheng CY (2011a). Desmosomes in the testis: Moving into an unchartered territory. Spermatogenesis, 1 (1), 47-51.
• Mruk DD, Cheng CY (2011b). The myotubularin family of lipid phosphatases in disease and in spermatogenesis. Biochem J, 433 (2), 253-62.
• Mruk DD, Su L, Cheng CY (2011c). Emerging role for drug transporters at the blood testis barrier. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 32 (2), 99-106.
• Parekh PA, Garcia TX, Hofmann MC (2019). Regulation of GDNF Expression in Sertoli Cells. Reproduction, 157 (3), R95-R107.
• Puri P, Walker WH (2013). The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 regulates Sertoli cell junction complexes. Biol Reprod, 88 (3), 1-11.
• Qian X, Mruk DD, Wong EW, Lie PP, Cheng CY (2013). Palladin is a regulator of actin filament bundles at the ectoplasmic specialization in adult rat testes. Endocrinology, 154 (5), 1907-1920.
• Siu MKY, Cheng CY (2004). Interactions of proteases, protease inhibitors and the beta1 integrin/laminin gamma3 protein complex in the regulation of ectoplasmic specialization dynamics in the rat testis. Biol Reprod, 70 (4), 945-964.
• Siu MKY, Lee WM, Cheng CY (2003). The interplay of collagen IV, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, gelatinase B (matrix metalloprotease‐9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases‐1 in the basal lamina regulates Sertoli cell‐tight junction dynamics in the rat testis. Endocrinology, 144 (1), 371-387.
• Siu MKY, Mruk DD, Lee WM, Cheng CY (2003). Adhering junction dynamics in the testis are regulated by an interplay of beta1-integrin and focal adhesion complex-associated proteins. Endocrinology, 144 (5), 2141- 2163.
• Skinner MK Griswold MD (2005). Sertoli Cell Biology, Elsevier Academic Press. California-USA.
• Spadaro D, Tapia R, Pulimeno P, Citi S (2012). The control of gene expression and cell proliferation by the epithelial apical junctional complex. Essays Biochem, 53, 83-93.
• Takai Y, Nakanishi H (2003). Nectin and afadin: Novel organizers of intercellular junctions. J Cell Sci, 116 (1), 17-27.
• Traweger A, Toepfer S, Wagner RN, et al. (2013). Beyond cell-cell adhesion: Emerging roles of the tight junction scaffold ZO-2. Tissue Barriers, 1 (2), e25039.
• Vaid KS, Guttman JA, Babyak N et al. (2007). The role of dynamin 3 in the testis. J Cell Physiol, 210 (3), 644-654.
• Von Engelhardt W, Breves G, Diener M, Gotthold G (2020). Veteriner Fizyoloji. Çeviri editörü: Hakan Öztürk. Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Ltd.Şti, Ankara.
• Wang JM, Li ZF, Yang WX (2022). What does androgen receptor signaling pathway in Sertoli cells during normal spermatogenesis tell us? Front Endocrinol, 13, 838858.
• Wen Q, Tang EI, Li N et al. (2018). Regulation of blood-testis barrier (BTB) Dynamics, role of actin-, and microtubule-based cytoskeletons. Editors: Alves MG, Oliveira PF, Methods in Molecular Biology, Sertoli Cells, 1748, 229-243, Springer Protocols, Humana Pres.
• Wong CH, Cheng CY (2005). The blood-testis barrier: Its biology, regulation, and physiological role in spermatogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol, 71, 263-296.
• Wong CH, Xia W, Lee NP et al. (2005). Regulation of ectoplasmic specialization dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium by focal adhesion-associated proteins in testosterone-suppressed rat testes. Endocrinology, 146 (3), 1192-1204.
• Wong, CH, Mruk DD, Lui WY, Cheng CY (2004). Regulation of the blood‐testis barrier dynamics in the testis: An in vivo study. J Cell Sci, 117 (5), 783-798.
• Wu S, Wang L, Tang E, Wang J, Cheng CY (2021). An in vitro assay to monitor Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity. Editor: Kursad Turksen. Methods in Molecular Biology, Permeability Barrier, 2367, 207-213, Springer Protocols, Humana Pres.
• Young JS, Guttman JA, Vaid KS et al. (2009). Cortactin (CTTN), N-WASP (WASL), and clathrin (CLTC) are present at podosome-like tubulobulbar complexes in the rat testis. Biol Reprod, 80 (1), 153-161.
• Young JS, Vogl AW (2012). Focal adhesion proteins zyxin and vinculin are co-distributed at tubulobulbar complexes. Spermatogenesis, 2 (1), 63-68.
• Zhang J, Mruk DD, Cheng CY (2005). Myotubularin phosphoinositide phosphatases, protein phosphatases, and kinases: Their roles in junction dynamics and spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol, 204 (2), 470-483.
• Zhixiang M, Yawei L, Jian Z, Bo Z, Jinxing LV (2022). Drug transport across the blood-testis barrier Am J Transl Res, 14 (9), 6412-6423.