Babesiosisli Köpeklerde Total ve Lipide Bağlı Sialik Asitler, İz ve Makro Elementler ile Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, , 224 - 229, 27.11.2023

Ugur Ozdek , Yeter Değer , Bekir Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1292352

Öz

Bu çalışma doğal olarak babesiosis ile enfekte köpeklerde, total sialik asit (TSA), lipide-bağlı sialik asit (LSA), iz ve makro elementler ile bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin seviyelerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri araştırmak için planlandı. Klinik ve parazitolojik olarak (ELISA) babesiosis tanısı konulan 7adet köpek hasta grubunu, 7 adet sağlıklı köpekte kontrol grubuoluşturdu. Kan örneklerinde serum TSA ve LSA düzeyleri sırasıyla Sydow ve Katapodis metotları ile spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. Bazı biyokimyasal parametre ve makro element ölçümleri modüler oto analizör cihazında gerçekleştirildi. İz mineral ölçümleri ICP–MS tekniği ile çalışıldı. Sağlıklı grup ile karşılaştırıldığında babesiosisli köpeklerde serum TSA ve LSA seviyelerinin önemli derecede yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Babesiosisli grupta serum AST, ALP, LDH ve CK enzim aktiviteleri ile CRP, glukoz, globulin, total bilirubin, üre, ürik asit, kreatinin ve BUN seviyelerinde önemli derecede yükselme, total protein seviyesinde ise önemli düzeyde azalma olduğu saptandı (p<0.05). ALT enzim aktivitesi ile trigliserit, kolesterol, HDL, LDL, TIBC ve ferritin seviyelerindeki değişikliklerin istatistiki olarak anlamlı olmadığı belirlendi (p>0.05). Babesiosisli grupta çinko, bakır, magnezyum, sodyum ve potasyum seviyelerinin önemli derecede azaldığı, demir ve klor seviyelerinin ise önemli derecede arttığı tespit edildi (p<0.05). Kalsiyum ve fosfor seviyelerindeki değişikliklerin istatistiki olarak anlamlı olmadığı belirlendi (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, babesiosisin köpeklerde serum sialik asit, biyokimyasal parametreler ve elementlerin seviyelerinde önemli değişikliklere yol açtığı görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Babeziyoz, Biyobelirteçler, Köpek, Mineraller, Sialikasidler

Evaluation of Total and Lipid-Bound Sialic Acids, Trace and Macro Elements, and Some Biochemical Parameters in Dogs with Babesiosis

Öz

The present study was designed to investigate the changes at the levels of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA), trace and macroelements, and some biochemical parameters in dogs naturally infected with babesiosis. While babesiosis group consisted of seven dogs which were diagnosed with babesiosis clinically and parasitologically (ELISA), control group consisted of seven healthy dogs. Serum TSA and LSA levels in blood samples were measured spectrophotometrically by Sydow and Katapodis methods, respectively. Some biochemical parameters and macroelement measurements were performed using a modular autoanalyzer device. Trace mineral measurements were performed by ICP-MS technique. Compared to the healthy group, dogs with babesiosis had considerably higher TSA and LSA levels. Serum AST, ALP, LDH and CK enzyme activities and CRP, glucose, globulin, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, creatinine and BUN levels of the babesiosis group significantly increased, while total protein level significantly decreased. The changes in ALT enzyme activity and triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, HDL-CDL and ferritin levels were not statistically significant. Zinc, copper, magnesium, sodium, and potassium levels of the babesiosis group decreased significantly, while iron and chlorine levels increased significantly (p<0.05). Changes in calcium and phosphorus levels were not statistically significant. In conclusion, babesiosis caused significant changes in the levels of sialic acid (SA), biochemical parameters and elements in dogs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomarker, Dogs, Minerals, Sialic acids

Kaynakça

• Aytekin I (2020). Evaluation of serum total sialic acid levels and some biochemical parameters in cows with botulism. Atatürk Univ Vet Bil Derg, 15 (2), 151-155.
• Chaudhuri S, Varshney JP, Patra RC (2008). Erythrocytic antioxidant defense, lipid peroxides level and blood iron, zinc and copper concentrations in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Res Vet Sci, 85 (1), 120-124.
• Crnogaj M, Petlevski R, Mrljak V et al. (2010). Malondialdehyde levels in serum of dogs infected with Babesia canis. Vet Med, 55 (4), 163-171.
• Crnogaj M, Cerón JJ, Šmit I et al. (2017). Relation of antioxidant status at admission and disease severity and outcome in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis canis. BMC Vet Res, 13 (1), 114-123.
• Cunha BA, Raza M, Schmidt A (2015). Highly elevated serum ferritin levels are a diagnostic marker in babesiosis. Clin Infec Dis, 60 (5), 827-829.
• Dede S, Deger Y, Deger S, Tanrıtanır P (2008). Plasma levels of zinc, copper, copper/zinc ratio, and activity of carbonic anhydrase in equine piroplasmosis. Biol Trace Elem Res, 125 (1), 41-45.
• Deger S, Kamile B, Deger Y (2005). The changes in some of biochemical parameters (iron, copper, vitamin C and vitamin E) in ınfected cattle with Theileriosis. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 16 (1), 49-50.
• Deger Y, Mert H, DedeS, YurF, Mert N (2007). Serum total and lipid-bound sialic acid concentrations in sheep with natural babesiosis. Acta Vet Brno, 76 (3), 379-382.
• Ertekin A, Keles I, Ekin S, Karaca M, Akkan HA (2000). An investigation on sialic acid and lipid-bound sialic acid levels in animals with blood parasites. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 11 (1), 34-35.
• Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Dalir-Naghadeh B et al. (2020). Status of oxidative stress, trace elements, sialic acid and cholinesterase activity in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 71, 10150.
• Eichenberger RM, Riond B, Willi B, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Deplazes P (2016). Prognostic markers in acute Babesia canis infections. J Vet Intern Med, 30 (1), 174-182.
• Erkılıc EE (2019). Determination of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and some biochemical parameters before and after treatment in dogs with babesiosis. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, 8 (1), 77-80.
• Furlanello T, Fiorio F, Caldin M, Lubas G, Solano-Gallego L (2005). Clinicopathological findings in naturally occurring cases of babesiosis caused by large form babesia from dogs of northeastern Italy. Vet Parasitol, 134 (1-2), 77-85.
• Gonde S, Chhabra S, Sıngla LD, Randhawa CS (2017). Clinico-haemato-biochemıcal changes in naturally occurring canine babesiosis in Punjab, India. Malaysian. J Vet Res, 8 (1), 37-44.
• Gokce E, Kırmızıgul AH, Tascı GT et al. (2013). Clinical and parasitological detection of Babesia canis canis in dogs: First report from Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 19 (4), 717-720.
• Itoh N, Itoh S (1992). Serum Iron, Unsaturated iron binding capacity, and total iron binding capacity in dogs with Babesia gibsoni infection. J Japan Vet Med Assoc, 45 (12), 950-952.
• Karnezi D, Ceron JJ, Theodorou K et al. (2016). Acute phase protein and antioxidant responses in dogs with experimental acute monocytic ehrlichiosis treated with rifampicin. Vet Microbiol, 184, 59-63.
• Katopodis N, Hirshaut Y, Geller NL, Stock CC (1982). Lipid-associated sialic acid test for the detection of human cancer. Cancer Res, 42 (12), 5270-5275.
• Keller N, Jacobson LS, Nel M et al. (2004). Prevalence and risk factors of hypoglycemia in virulent canine babesiosis. J Vet Intern Med, 18 (3), 265-270.
• Kırmızıgul AH, Ogun M, Uzlu E et al. (2015). Changes in total sialic acid, nitric oxide and oxidative stress parameters in dogsınfected with Babesia canis canis. XI. National Veterinary Internal Medicine Congress, Samsun, Turkey.
• Khaki Z, Yasini SP, Jalali SM (2018). A survey of biochemical and acute phase proteins changes in sheep experimentally infected with Anaplasma ovis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 8 (12), 565-570.
• Koster LS, Van Schoor M, Goddard A et al. (2009). C-reactive protein in canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi and its association with outcome. J S Afr Vet Assoc, 80 (2), 87-91.
• Lacin M (2001). Significance of ferritin, lipid associated sialic acid (LSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CYFRA 21-1 as tumor markers in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Specialization in Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Jacobson LS, Lobetti RG (1996). Rhabdomyolysis as a complication of canine babesiosis. J Small Anım Pract, 37 (6), 286-291.
• Leisewitz AL, Jacobson LS, Morais HSA, Reyers F (2001). The mixed acid-base disturbances of severe canine babesiosis. J Vet Intern Med, 15 (5), 445–452.
• Matijatko V, Mrljak V, Kis I et al. (2007). Evidence of anacute phase response in dogs naturally infected withBabesia canis. Vet Parasitol, 144 (3-4), 242–250.
• Martinez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, Strauss-Ayali D et al. (2014). Serum ferritin and paraoxonase-1 in canine leishmaniosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 37 (1), 23-29.
• Mert H, Mert N, Dogan I, Cellat M, Yasar S (2008). Element status in different breeds of dogs. Biol Trace Elem Res, 125 (2), 154-159.
• Milanović Z, Vekić J, Radonjić V et al. (2019). Association of acute Babesia canis infection and serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations in dogs. J Vet Intern Med, 33 (4), 1686-1694.
• Mrljak V, Kučer N, Kuleš J et al. (2014). Serum concentrations of eicosanoids and lipids in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis. Vet Parasitol, 201 (1-2), 24-30.
• Niwetpathomwat A, Techangamsuwan S, Suvarnavibhaja S, Assarasakorn S (2006). A retrospective study of clinical hematology and biochemistry of canine babesiosis on hospital populations in Bangkok, Thailand. Comp Clin Pathol, 15 (2), 110-112.
• Rossi G, Kuleš J, Barić Rafaj R et al. (2014). Relationship between paraoxonase 1 activity and high density lipoprotein concentration during naturally naturally occurring babesiosis in dogs. Res Vet Sci, 97 (2), 318-324.
• Selcin O, Oguz B (2022). Investigation of Babesia spp. in stray dogs in Van Province by polymerase chain reaction. KOU Sag Bil Derg, 8 (2), 156-161.
• Shahbazi H, Hassanpour A (2017). Serum sialic acid levels in horses with and withothout piraplasmosis (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi). Onl J Vet Res, 21 (4), 161-166.
• Solano-Gallego L, Baneth G (2011). Babesiosis in dogs and cats expanding parasitological and clinical spectra. Vet Parasitol, 181 (1), 48-60.
• Sudhakara Reddy B, Sivajothi S, Varaprasad Reddy LS, Solmon Raju KG (2016). Clinical and laboratory findings of babesia infection in dogs. J Parasit Dis, 40 (2), 268-272.
• Sydow G, Wittmann W, Bender E, Starick E (1988). The sialic acid content of the serum of cattle infected with bovine leukosis virus. Arch Exp Vet med, 42 (2), 194-197.
• Taskın E, Deger Y (2021). Effects of ellagic acid on level od sialic acid and caridiac marker in rats woith myocardiral infarction. FEB, 30 (07), 9011-9017.
• Teodorowski O, Winiarczyk S, Tarhan D et al. (2021). Antioxidant status, and blood zinc and copper concentrations in dogs with uncomplicated babesiosis due to Babesia canis infections. J Vet Res, 65 (2), 169-174.
• Turgut K (2000). Veteriner Klinik Laboratuar Teşhis Geliştirilmiş. 2. Baskı. Bahçıvanlar Basım Sanayi, Konya. Uilenberg G (2006). Babesia-a historical overview. Vet Parasitol, 138 (1-2), 3-10.
• Ulutas B, Bayramlı G, Alkim Ulutas B, Karagenc T (2005). Serum concentration of some acute phase proteins in naturally occuring canine babesiosis: A preliminary study. Vet Clin Pathol, 34 (2), 144-147.
• Yadav R, Gattani A, Gupta SR, Sharma CS (2011). Jaundice in dogs associated with babesiosis. Int Jour for Agro Vet Med Sci, 5 (1), 3-6.
• Yeruham I, Avidar Y, Aroch I, Hadani A (2003). Intra-uterine Infection with Babesia bovis in a 2-day-old Calf. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 50 (2), 60-62.
• Zygner W, Gójska-Zygner O, Wędrychowicz H (2012). Strong monovalent electrolyte imbalances in serum of dogs infected with Babesia canis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 3 (2), 107-113.