Deneysel Obezite Modeli Oluşturulan Ratlarda Kenger (Gundelia tournefortii L.) Bitkisinin Antiobezite Etkisinin Histopatolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yüksek kalorili diyet ile deneysel obezite oluşturulan ratlarda, kenger (Gundelia tournefortii) bitki ektresinin antiobezite etkisinin histopatolojik olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Wistar-Albino ırkı erkek ratlar, her grupta 10 rat olacak şekilde toplam 4 gruba Kontrol (K), Yüksek Kalorili Diyet (YK), Yüksek Kalorili Diyet + Gundelia tournefortii 200mg/kg (YKG1), Yüksek Kalorili Diyet + Gundelia tournefortii 400 mg/kg (YKG2) ayrıldı ve çalışma 3 ay süre ile yürütüldü. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, karaciğerlerden alınan doku örneklerinden yapılan histopatolojik analizler sonucunda; YK grubunda yağlanma ile hepatositlerin bazısında ise koagulasyon nekrozu izlenmiştir. Ayrıca YKG1 grubundaki ratların karaciğerlerinde YK grubunda olduğu gibi lopçukların periasiner bölgelerindeki hepatositlerde makro-mikroveziküler yağ vakuollerinin bulunduğu, ancak bu birikimlerin YK grubuna göre çok daha hafif olduğu gözlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, YKG2 grubunda histolojik görünümün kontrol grubuna yakın olmakla birlikte hepatositlerde çok seyrek olarak mikroveziküler yağ vakuollerinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; ratlarda yüksek kalorili diyet ile birlikte verilen kenger bitki ekstresinin, hepatoprotektif etkisinin olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gundelia tournefortii
• Histopatoloji
• Obesite.

Histopathological Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effects of the Plant Kenger (Gundelia tournefortii L.) in an Experimental Model of Obesity Induced in Rats

Öz

In this study, the anti-obesity effects of Gundelia tournefortii extract were histopathologically investigated in experimental obesity induced by a high-calorie diet in rats. For this purpose, Wistar-Albino male rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 rats: Control (C), High-Calorie Diet (HC), High-Calorie Diet + Gundelia tournefortii 200 mg/kg (HCG1), and High-Calorie Diet + Gundelia tournefortii 400 mg/kg (HCG2). The study was conducted over a period of three months. Histopathological analyses of liver tissue samples revealed that the HC group exhibited fatty degeneration, with coagulation necrosis observed in hepatocytes. In the HCG1 group, the liver showed macro-microvesicular fat vacuoles in hepatocytes of the pericentral regions, although this accumulation was significantly milder compared to the HC group. Conversely, the HCG2 group displayed a histological appearance close to that of the control group, with only rare microvesicular fat vacuoles in hepatocytes. As a result, it is evaluated that the Gundelia tournefortii extract given with a high-calorie diet in rats has a hepatoprotective effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gundelia tournefortii
• Histopathology
• Obesity

Kaynakça

1. Apovian CM, Aronne LJ, Bessesen DH et al. (2015). Pharmacological management of obesity: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 100 (2), 342-362.
2. Bati B, Celik I, Dogan A (2015). Determination of hepatoprotective and antioxidant role of walnuts against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Cell Biochem Biophys, 71 (2), 1191-1198.
3. Bautista RJH, Mahmoud AM, Königsberg M et al. (2019). Obesity: pathophysiology, mono sodium glutamate-induced model and anti-obesity medicinal plants. Biomed Pharmacother, 111, 503-516.
4. Chakrabarti R (2009). Pharmacotherapy of obesity: emerging drugs and targets. Expert Opın Ther Tar, 13 (2), 195-207.
5. Coruh N, Celep AS, Özgökçe F et al. (2007). Antioxidant capacities of Gundelia tournefortii L. Extracts and inhibition on glutathione-S-transferaseactivity. Food Chem, 100 (3), 1249-1253.
6. Dalar A, Konczak I (2013). Phenoliccontents, antioxidant capacities and inhibitory activities against key metabolic syndrome relevant enzymes of herbal teas from Eastern Anatolia. Ind Crop Prod, 44, 383-390.
7. De Freitas Junior LM, de Almeida Jr EB (2017). Medicinal plants for the treatment of obesity: ethnopharmacological approach and chemical and biological studies. American J Translat Res, 9 (5), 2050-2064.
8. Ejaz A, Wu D, Kwan P, Meydani M (2009). Curcumin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and angiogenesis and obesity in C57/BL mice. The J Nutr, 139 (5), 919-925.

9. Engin AB, Tsatsakis AM, Tsoukalas D et al. (2018). Do flavanols-richnatural products relieve obesity-related insulin resistance. Food Chem Toxicol, 112, 157-167.
10. Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M et al. (2004). Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Investig, 114 (12), 1752-1761.
11. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS (2011). Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol, 29, 415-445.
12. Haghi G, Hatami A, Arshi R (2011). Distribution of caffeic acid derivatives in Gundelia tournefortii L. Food Chem, 124 (3), 1029-1035.
13. Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Alizadeh M, Mohammadzadeh MHS et al. (2016). Effect of Gundelia tournefortii L. extract on lipid profile and TAC in patients with coronary artery disease: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. J Herbal Me, 6 (2), 59-66.
14. Haslam DW, James WP (2005). Obesity. The Lancet, 366 (9492), 1197-1209.
15. Islam MT, Ali ES, Mubarak MS (2020). Anti-obesity effect of plant diterpenes and their derivatives: A review. Phytotherapy Res, 34 (6), 1216-1225.
16. Işık M (2019). Ratlarda yüksek yağlı diyet ile indüklenen obezite oluşumu üzerine çörek otu (Nigella Sativa) ekstraktının engelleyici etkisinin histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van, Türkiye.
17. Keleş İ (2019). Ratlarda Yüksek Yağlı Diyet ile İndüklenen Obezite Oluşumu Üzerine Silymarin’in Engelleyici Etkisinin Histopatolojik ve Biyokimyasal Olarak Araştırılması Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van.
18. Koike N (2018). The Role of Stem Cells in the Hepatobiliary System and in Cancer Development: a Surgeon’s Perspective. Zheng YW (Ed). Stem Cells and Cancer in Hepatology (pp 211-253). Academic Press.
19. Konak M, Merve A, Şahan Y (2017). Yenilebilir yabani bitki Gundelia tournefortii’nin antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Bursa Uludağ Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg, 31 (2), 101-108.
20. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO (2009). Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. J Am Coll Cardiol, 53 (21), 1925-1932.
21. Losso JN, Shahidi F, Bagchi D (2007). Anti-angiogenic functional and medicinal foods. I Edition. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.
22. Matthäus B, Özcan MM (2011). Chemical evaluation of flower bud and oils of tumble weed (Gundelia tourneforti L.) as a new potential nutrition sources. J Food Biochem, 35 (4), 1257-1266.
23. Matz-Soja M (2019). Hedgehog Signaling and Liver Lipid Metabolism. The Molecular Nutrition of Fats, 201-212.
24. Mir SA, Shah MA, Ganai SA et al. (2019). Understanding the role of active components from plant sources in obesity management. J Saudi Society Agr Sci, 18 (2), 168-176.
25. OECD (2008). Guidelines forthetesting of chemicals. Acute oral toxicity- Up and down procedure. (OECD-425).
26. Öztürk M, Özçelik H (2011). Ethno botanical features of Gundelia tournefortii L.: A medicinal herb of the Middle East. J Med Plants Res, 5 (13), 2975-2983.
27. Polat O (2019). Çoban çantası (Capsella Bursa Pastoris L) bitkisinin etil alkol ile oluşturulan karaciğer hasarları üzerine etkisinin histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van, Türkiye.
28. Salehi B, Stojanović-Radić Z, Matejić J et al. (2019). The therapeutic potential of curcumin: A review of clinical trials. Euro J Med Chem, 163, 527-545.
29. Sapmaz HI, Sarsılmaz M, Köse E et al. (2015). Formaldehit İnhalasyonunun Sıçan Karaciğer Dokusu Üzerine Zararlı Etkilerinin ve Çörekotu Yağının Muhtemel Koruyucu Rolünün İncelenmesi; Histopatolojik Bir Çalışma. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniv Tıp Fakültesi Derg, 7 (1), 11-22.
30. Sharifi-Rad M, Ozcelik B, Altın G et al. (2018). Salvia spp. plants-from farmto food applications and phytopharmaco therapy. Trends in Food Sci. Technol, 80, 242-263.
31. Swinburn BA, Sacks G, Hall KD et al. (2011). The global obesity pandemic: Shaped by global drivers and local environments. The Lancet, 378 (9793), 804-814.
32. Turan A, Celik I (2016). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of dried fig against oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. Int J Bio Macromol, 91, 554-559.
33. Uyar A, Esim E (2018). Yüksek Yağlı Diyet ile Beslenen Ratlarda Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Çayının Obeziteyi Önleyici Etkisinin Histopatolojik ve Biyokimyasal Olarak Araştırılması. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 7 (2), 154-161.
34. WHO (2017). Controlling the global obesity epidemic, the challange. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Nisan 2024. Erişim Adresi: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/obesity/en/.
35. WHO (2016). Obesity and overweight fact sheet. Erişim Tarihi: 18 Mart 2024 Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
36. WHO (2020). Global status report on noncommunicable diseases. Erişim Tarihi: 18 Mart 2024 Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.
37. Wright SM, Aronne LJ (2012). Causes of obesity. Abdominal Radiology, 37 (5), 730-732.
38. Yaman T, Yener Z, Celik I (2016). Histopathological and biochemical investigations of protective role of honey in rats with experimental aflatoxicosis. BMC Complementary Alternative Med 16 (1), 232.
39. Yanovski SZ (2011). Obesity treatment in primary care - are we there yet. N Engl J Med, 365 (21), 2030-2031.
40. Yu Y, Rajapakse AG, Montani JP et al. (2014). p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in arginase-II-mediatede NOS-uncoupling in obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 13 (1), 1-10.
41. Zimmet M, Alberti KGMM, Shaw J (2021). Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature, 414, 782–787.