A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs

Öz

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital cardiovascular disorder that can be seen in all species but is most frequently encountered in dogs. Despite being one of the most common cardiac diseases, diagnosis and treatment can still be challenging due to the diversity in vascular morphology. Physical examination findings and imaging modalities (e.g., radiography, echocardiography, and advanced imaging techniques) play a critical role in the diagnosis of the disease and in determining the severity of the shunt. Treatment options include standard surgical applications as well as transcatheter occlusion methods, which are more widely preferred today. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention for PDA are of critical importance in reducing mortality and preserving cardiac function in dogs. In untreated cases, progressive cardiac remodeling and permanent functional impairment occur; indeed, even if the PDA is closed in late-intervention cases, systolic dysfunction and persistent ventricular enlargement may continue. Following successful operations, complications such as left ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, pulmonary edema, and residual shunts must be carefully monitored. Although patients treated at an early stage generally have a normal life expectancy, long-term medical support and follow-up may be required in chronic cases. This review aims to contribute to the clinical decision-making process by summarizing current evidence regarding PDA management in dogs, focusing on anesthetic protocols, surgical and transcatheter techniques, and perioperative outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cardiovascular
• Congenital
• Ductus arteriosus
• Heart defects

Köpeklerde Patent Duktus Arteriyozus için Tanı ve Tedavi Seçeneklerinin Gözden Geçirilmesi

Öz

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), her türlü hayvanda görülebilen ancak en çok köpeklerde görülen doğuştan gelen bir kardiyovasküler bozukluktur. En yaygın kalp hastalıklarından biri olmasına rağmen, vasküler morfolojideki çeşitlilik nedeniyle teşhis ve tedavi edilmesi hâlâ zor olabilir. Fiziksel muayene ve görüntüleme yöntemleri (örneğin, radyografi, ekokardiyografi, ileri görüntüleme yöntemleri) hastalığın tanısında ve şant şiddetinin belirlenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Tedavi seçenekleri arasında, standart cerrahi uygulamaların yanı sıra günümüzde daha fazla tercih edilen transkateter oklüzyon yöntemleri yer almaktadır. PDA’nın erken tanısı ve uygun müdahale yöntemi, köpeklerde mortaliteyi azaltmak ve kalp fonksiyonlarını korumak açısından kritik bir önem taşır. Müdahale edilmeyen vakalarda ilerleyici kardiyak remodelling ve kalıcı fonksiyonel bozulma meydana gelir; nitekim geç müdahale edilen vakalarda PDA kapatılsa dahi sistolik disfonksiyon ve kalıcı ventriküler genişleme devam edebilmektedir. Başarılı operasyonlar sonrası ise sol ventrikül disfonksiyonu, aritmi, pulmoner ödem ve rezidüel şantlar gibi komplikasyonlar dikkatle takip edilmelidir. Erken dönemde tedavi edilen hastalar genellikle normal bir yaşam beklentisine sahip olsa da uzun süreli tıbbi destek ve takip gerekebilir. Bu derleme, köpeklerde PDA yönetimine ilişkin güncel kanıtları; anestezi protokolleri, cerrahi ve transkateter teknikler ile perioperatif sonuçlar odağında özetleyerek klinik karar verme sürecine katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duktus arteriyozus
• Kalp defektleri
• Kardiyovasküler
• Konjenital

Kaynakça

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