Assessment of Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Thiol–Disulfide Homeostasis in Neonatal Calves Diagnosed with Cryptosporidiosis

Öz

Cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of neonatal calf diarrhea and may contribute to systemic oxidative and redox imbalance through intestinal epithelial injury, inflammation, and antioxidant consumption. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are commonly used indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense, respectively, dynamic thiol–disulfide homeostasis (TDH) may provide complementary information on the circulating thiol pool and protein-based redox buffering capacity. However, data evaluating conventional oxidative stress biomarkers together with TDH parameters in neonatal calves with naturally occurring cryptosporidiosis remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess serum MDA, GSH, and TDH parameters in neonatal calves diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis and to determine whether TDH components provide additional insight into cryptosporidiosis-associated redox alterations. The study was conducted on 40 calves aged 0–28 days, including 30 calves with cryptosporidiosis and 10 healthy controls. Diagnosis was established using an immunochromatographic test on fresh fecal samples, and only calves that tested negative for other enteric agents in the same panel were included. Serum MDA levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method, GSH levels using the Beutler method, and total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT) levels using the Erel–Neşelioğlu method; disulfide (Ds) levels and related ratios were calculated. In calves with cryptosporidiosis, serum GSH, TT, and NT levels were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (p=0.010, p=0.010, and p=0.030, respectively). Although MDA levels were numerically higher in the diseased group, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.150). No significant differences were detected between groups for Ds levels or TDH-derived ratios (Ds/TT, Ds/NT, and NT/TT). These findings suggest that neonatal calf cryptosporidiosis may be associated mainly with depletion of antioxidant and thiol pools rather than a marked systemic lipid peroxidation response. In this context, TT and NT may represent supportive redox indicators for the evaluation of cryptosporidiosis-associated neonatal diarrhea.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cryptosporidiosis
• Malondialdehyde
• Oxidative stress
• Reduced Glutathione

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Kafkas University Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (Decision date: 03.04.2024; Approval No. KAÜ-HADYEK/2024-064), ensuring compliance with relevant ethical standards.

Kriptosporidiyozlu Neonatal Buzağılarda Serum Malondialdehit, Redükte Glutatyon ve Tiyol–Disülfit Homeostazının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Kriptosporidiyoz, neonatal buzağı ishallerinin önemli nedenlerinden biri olup intestinal epitel hasarı, inflamasyon ve antioksidan tüketimi aracılığıyla sistemik oksidatif/redoks dengenin bozulmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Malondialdehit (MDA) lipid peroksidasyonunun, redükte glutatyon (GSH) ise antioksidan savunmanın yaygın kullanılan göstergeleri olmakla birlikte, dinamik tiyol–disülfit homeostazı (TDH) dolaşımdaki tiyol havuzu ve protein temelli redoks tamponlama kapasitesi hakkında tamamlayıcı bilgi sağlayabilir. Bununla birlikte, doğal olarak gelişen kriptosporidiyozlu neonatal buzağılarda klasik oksidatif stres belirteçleri ile TDH parametrelerini birlikte değerlendiren veriler sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, kriptosporidiyoz tanılı neonatal buzağılarda serum MDA, GSH ve TDH parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi ve TDH bileşenlerinin kriptosporidiyozla ilişkili redoks değişiklikleri hakkında ek bilgi sağlayıp sağlamadığının ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Çalışma, 0–28 günlük toplam 40 buzağıda yürütüldü; 30 buzağı kriptosporidiyozlu, 10 buzağı ise sağlıklı kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Tanı, taze dışkı örneklerinde immünokromatografik test ile konuldu ve aynı test panelinde diğer enterik etkenler yönünden negatif olan buzağılar çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Serum MDA düzeyleri tiyobarbitürik asit reaktif maddeler (TBARS) yöntemiyle, GSH düzeyleri Beutler yöntemiyle, toplam tiyol (TT) ve natif tiyol (NT) düzeyleri ise Erel–Neşelioğlu yöntemiyle ölçüldü; disülfit (Ds) düzeyi ve ilişkili oranlar hesaplandı. Kriptosporidiyozlu buzağılarda serum GSH, TT ve NT düzeyleri sağlıklı kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (sırasıyla p=0,010; p=0,010; p=0,030). MDA düzeyi hastalıklı grupta sayısal olarak daha yüksek olmasına rağmen fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,150). Ds düzeyi ve TDH’den türetilen oranlar (Ds/TT, Ds/NT ve NT/TT) açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Bu bulgular, neonatal buzağı kriptosporidiyozunda sistemik redoks yanıtın belirgin bir lipid peroksidasyon artışından çok antioksidan ve tiyol havuzunun tükenmesiyle ilişkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, TT ve NT kriptosporidiyozla ilişkili neonatal ishalin değerlendirilmesinde destekleyici redoks göstergeleri olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İndirgenmiş glutatyon
• Kriptosporidyoz
• Malondialdehid
• Oksidatif stres

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Kafkas University Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (Decision date: 03.04.2024; Approval No. KAÜ-HADYEK/2024-064), ensuring compliance with relevant ethical standards.

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