Boz Irk Sığırlarda Süt Verimi İle İlişkilendirilen Kappa-kazein (κ-kazein) Geninin Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Boz ırk sığırlarda süt verimi ile ilişkilendirilen kappa-kazein geninin (κ-kazein) analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Bandırma Koyunculuk Araştırma İstasyonunda bulunan 88 adet saf Boz ırk sığırdan kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan örneklerinden genomik DNA izole edildi. Daha sonra Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) kullanılarak her bir genomik DNA örneğinden κ-kazein fragmanları çoğaltıldı. Elde edilen bu fragmentler dizilendi. Dizilerin analizi sonucunda, κ-kazein geni için A, A1, B, G2 ve H allelleri tespit edildi. Yüksek süt evrimi ile ilişkilendirilen κ-kazein geninin B allelinin Boz ırk sığırlarda (0.23) düşük olduğu tespit edildi. κ-kazein genin A1 ve H allelleri Bos indicus’ta ve G2 alleli ise Bos grunniens’te tanımlanmıştır. Bu durum, Boz ırk (Bos taurus) sığırların Bos indicus ve Bos grunniens sığırlarla bir bağlantısının olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Boz ırk sığır, Kappa-kazein geninin (κ-kazein), Allel ve genotip frekansı

Analysis of Kappa-casein (κ-casein) Gene of Associated with Milk Yield on Turkish Grey Cattle Breed

Öz

In the present study, kappa-casein (κ-casein) gene related to milk yield were analysed in Turkish Grey steppe Grey cattle breeds. The blood samples used in the study were taken from 88 pure Turkish Grey steppe cattle breed at the Bandirma Sheep Research Station. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples taken. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to amplify the κ-casein fragments from each genomic DNA sample. These fragments obtained were sequenced. Sequence analyses proved that there are A1, B, G2 and H alleles of κ-casein gene in Grey cattle breeds B allele frequency correlated with high milk yields of κ-casein gene (0.23) was relatively low in Grey cattle breed. A1 and H alleles of bovine κ-casein gene detected here were defined in Bos indicus and G2 allel of bovine κ-casein gene also determined in this study was reported to be found in Bos grunniens. These results indicate that there may be a relationship between Grey cattle breed (Bos taurus) and both Bos indicus and Bos grunniens

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkish Grey steppe cattle breed, Kappa-casein gene (κ-casein), Allele and genotype frequency

Kaynakça

1. Akiş I, Öztabak K (2013). Bos indicus associated alleles in Anatolian cattle breeds support zebu introgression into Near east. J Biol Res, 19, 131138.
2. Alpan O, Aksoy AR (2012). Sığır yetiştiriciliği ve besiciliği. Bursa Milsan Basın San. Tic. A.Ş. p:31.
3. Aschaffenburg R, Drewry J. (1955). Occurrence of different betalactoglobulins in cows milk. Nature, 176, 218–219.
4. Barłowska J, Wolanciuk A, Litwińczuk Z, Król J (2012). Milk Proteins' Polymorphism in Various Species of Animals Associated with Milk Production Utility. Milk Protein Edited by Walter L. Hurley Published by In Tech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Chapter 9, P 251.
5. Caroli, AM, Chessa S, Erhardt GJ (2009). Milk protein polymorphisms in cattle: effect on animal breeding and human nutrition. J of Dairy Sci, 92: 5335-5352.
6. Cherenek P., Bulla J, (2002). Simultaneous analysis of sex determination and κ-casein genotypes from bovine preimplantation embryos. Czech J. Ani. Science, 47, 8, 00–00
7. Comin A, Cassandro M, Chessa, S, Ojala M, Dal Zotto R, De Marchi M, Carnier P, Gallo L, Pagnacco G, Bittante G, (2008). Effects of composite β - and κ-casein genotypes on milk coagulation, quality, and yield traits in Italian holstein cows. J. of Dairy Sci, 91, 4022-4027.
8. Edwards CJ, Baird JF, MacHugh DE (2007). Taurine and zebu admixture in Near Eastern cattle: a comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal data. Anim Genet, 38, 520-524.

9. Eigel WN, Butler JE, Ernstrom CA, Farrell HM, Harwalkar VR, Jenness R (1984). Nomenclature of proteins of cow’s milk: Fifth revision. J. Dairy Sci, 67, 8, 1599-1631.
10. Erhart G (1996). Detection of a new kappa-casein variant in milk of Pinzgauer. Anim Genet. 27, 105–107.
11. Farrell, HM, Jimenez-Flores R, Bleck GT, Brown EM, Butler, JE, Creamer LK (2004). Nomenclature of the proteins of cows’ milk – sixth revision. J Dairy Sci, 87, 1641-167.
12. Fox PF, Brodkorb A (2008). The casein micelle: Historical aspects, current concepts and significance. Review Int Dairy J, 18, 677-684.
13. Hall TA (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analyses program for Windows 95/98/ NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series; 41, 95–98.
14. Jann O, Ibeagha-awemu EM, Ozbeyaz C, Zaragoza P, Willams JL, Ajmone-Marsan P, Lenstra JA, MOazami-goudarzi K, Erhart G (2004). Geographic distribution of haplotype diversity at the bovine casein locus. Genetic Sel Evolution, 36, 243-257.
15. Kaminski S (1996). Bovine kappa-casein (CASK) gene –molecular natüre and application in dairy cattle breeding. J of Applied Genetics, 37, 176196.
16. Kök S, Atalay S, Savascı S, Eken HS (2013). Characterization of calpastatin gene in purebred and crossbred Turkish Grey Steppe cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 19, 2, 203-206.
17. Kök S, Soysal Mİ, Gürcan EK (2012). An investigation on the carcass percentage of Anatolian Grey breed in Edirne province J Agr Sci Tech, A2, 1107-1112.
18. Loftus RT, Ertuğrul O, Harba AH, El-Barody MAA, Macchugh DE (1999). A microsatellite survey of cattle from a centre of origin: the Near East. Mol Ecol, 8, 2015–2022.
19. Lundén A, Nilsson M, Janson L (1997). Marked effect of β-lactoglobulin polymorphism on the ratio of casein to total protein in milk. J Dairy Sci, 80, 2996-3005.
20. Mercier JC, Brignon G, Ribadeau-Dumas B (1973). Structure primaire de la caséine k bovine. Séquence Complète. Eur J Biochem, 35, 222-235.
21. Miller M, Dykes DD, Polesky HF (1998). A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res, 16, 1215.
22. Özdemir M., Doğru Ü. (2008). Sığırların Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkili Önemli Moleküler Markörler. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 39,1, 127135.
23. Öztabak K, Toker NY, Ün C, Akış I, Mengi A, Karadağ O, Soysal D (2010). Leptin gene polymorphisms in native Turkish cattle breeds. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16(6), 921-924.
24. Prinzenberg EM, Frouse I, Erhardt G (1999). SSCP analysis at thebovine CSN3 locus discriminates six alleles corresponding to known protein variants (A, B, C, E, F, G) and three new DNA polymorphisms (H, I, A1). Anim Biotechno, 10, 1&2, 49-62.
25. Rachagani S, Gupta ID (2008). Bovine kappa-casein gene polymorphism and its association with milk production traits. Genetics and Mol Biol, 31, 4, 893-897.
26. Sulimova GE, Badagueva YN, Udina IG (1996). Polymorphism of the kcasein gene in populations of the subfamily Bovinae. Genetika, 32, 11,1576-1582
27. Threadgill DW, Womack JE (1990). Genome analysis of the majör bovine milk protein genes. Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 6935-6942.
28. Yeh F, Yang RC, Boyle T. (2000). Popgene (version: 1.32), Microsoft Windows based free ware for Population Genetic Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/Pop32.exe (Erişim tarihi: 15/03/2014)Iran. World J Zool. 4 (3), 200-204.