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Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar

Yıl 2020, , 122 - 126, 19.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.731514

Öz

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) is a cause of viral disease in cattle, which is observed commonly across the world and leading to significant reproduction problems and economic losses. This study was carried out to investigate BVDV infection epidemiology at the dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar. In this study, blood samples of a total of 240 cows were collected at 10 dairy cattle herds between the years of 2017-2019. Sera samples were examined by using commercial ELISA test kits in order to determine the existence of antibody (Ab) and antigen (Ag) against BVDV. According to the test results, 98 (40.83%) of the sera samples were found to be positive and 4 (1.67%) of them were determined to be persistently infected (PI). In addition, samples were found to be seropositive in 18.06%, 44.80% and 67.44% at the age range of 6- 24 months, 24-48 months and over 48 months, respectively. It was determined that the seropositivity among age ranges were statistically significant (P<0.05). It was observed that the age-related seropositivity of animals increased in direct proportion. The data obtained from the results of this study show the existence of BVDV infection at the dairy cattle herds located in the province of Afyonkarahisar and its surrounding. For this reason, voluntary or obligatory eradication program practices are of importance for regional and national economy to prevent further spread of said viral agent.

Kaynakça

  • Alkan F, Yeşilbağ K, Burgu İ (2001). Persiste Enfekte Sığırlarda BVDV 'nin Organ Dağılımı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 48, 111-115.
  • Ak S, Fırat İ, Bozkurt HH, et al. (2002). The Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infections in Cattle and Existence of Persistently Infected Cattle in the Trakya Region. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 26, 245-248.
  • Alvarez M, Donate J, Makoschey B (2012). Antibody Responses against Non-Structural Protein 3 of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in Milk and Serum Samples from Animals Immunised with an Inactivated Vaccine. Vet J, 191, 371-376.
  • Avcı O, Yavru S (2013). Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a Dairy Herd with Naturally Infected in Konya. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 29, 82-86.
  • Brownlie J, Clarke MC, Howard CJ, et al. (1987). Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus Infection of Cattle. Annal Vet Res, 18(2), 157-166.
  • Bilgili İ, Mamak N (2019). Isparta İli ve Çevresinde Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diyare Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak Araştırılması. MAKU J Health Sci Inst, 7(2), 105-113.
  • Bulut O, Yavru S, Yapkıç O (2006). Sütçü Sığırların Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) ve Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonları Yönünden Elısa ile Araştırılması. Hay Araş Derg, 16(2), 18-24.
  • Burgu İ, Alkan F, Özkul A, et al. (2003). Türkiye’de Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) Enfeksiyonunun Epidemiyolojisi ve Kontrolü. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 50, 127-133.
  • Duong MC, Alenius S, Huong LTT, et al. (2008). Prevalence of Neospora Caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in Dairy Cows in Southern Vietnam. Vet J, 175(3), 390-394.
  • Ezanno P, Fourichon C, Viet AF, et al. (2007). Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Key-Parameters in Modelling the Spread of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in A Dairy Herd. Prev Vet Med, 80, 49-64. Fulton RW, Whitley EM, Johnson BJ, et al. (2009). Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Persistently Infected Cattle and Bvdv Subtypes in Affected Cattle in Beef Herds in South Central United States Can J Vet Res, 73, 283-291.
  • Gonzalez AM, Arnaiz I, Yus E, et al. (2014). Evaluation of Long-Term Antibody Responses to Two Inactivated Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Vaccines. Vet J, 199, 424–428.
  • Hanon JP, Baere MD, Ferté C, et al. (2018). Serological Monitoring on Milk and Serum Samples in a BVD Eradication Program: A Field Study in Belgium Showing Antibody ELISA Performances and Epidemiological Aspects. Prev Vet Med, 160,136-144.
  • Hashemi GR, Haghparast A, Naseri, Z (2010). Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Antibodies and Antigen among the Aborted Dairy Cows in Industrial Dairy Cattle Herds in Mashhad Area-Iran. World Applied Sciences J, 8(5), 635-640.
  • Houe H (1995). Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 11, 521-547.
  • Houe H (1999). Epidemiological Features and Economical Importance of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infections. Vet Microbiol, 64(2-3), 89-107.
  • Houe H, Meyling A (1991). Prevalence of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD) in 19 Danish Dairy Herds and Estimation of Incidence of Infection in Early Pregnancy. Prev Vet Med, 11, 9-16.
  • Kale M (2007). Sığırlarda Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonunun Fertilite ile İlişkisinin Araştırılması. TÜBİTAK Projesi. Proje No: 106O366 Burdur. s. 1-116.
  • Lanyon SR, Anderson M, Bergman E, et al. (2013). Validation and Evaluation of a Commercially Available Elısa for the Detection of Antibodies Specific to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (Bovine Pestivirus). Aust Vet J, 91, 52-56.
  • Lanyon SR, Hill FI, Reichel MP, et al. (2014). Bovine Viral Diarrhoea: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. Vet J, 199, 201-209.
  • Lindberg A, Houe H (2005). Characteristics in the Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) of Relevance to Control. Prev Vet Med, 72, 55-73.
  • Ma JG, Cong W, Zhang FH, et al. (2016). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Yaks. (Bos grunniens) in Northwest China. Trop Anim Health Prod, 48, 1747-1750.
  • Mockeliuniene V, Salomskas A, Mockeliunas R, et al. (2004). Prevalence and Epidemiological Features of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection in Lithuania. Vet Microbiol, 99, 51–57.
  • Mirosław P, Polak M (2019). Increased genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle in Poland. BMC Vet Res. 15(1), 278. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2029-z. Avaible from: https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-019-2029-z Access date:12.09.2019
  • Newcomer BW, Chamorro MF, Walz PH (2017). Vaccination of Cattle against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vet Microbiol, 206, 78-83.
  • Nikbakht G, Tabatabaei S, Lotfollahzadeh S, et al. (2015). Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Bovine Leukaemia Virus in Iranian Cattle and Associations among Studied Agents. J App Ani Res, 43(1), 22– 25.
  • OIE. (2017). Listed Diseases, Infections and Infestation in Force in 2017 World Organisation for Animal Health. Avaible from: https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2017/ Access date: 02.08.2019
  • Olum MO, Mungube EO, Njanja J, et al. (2020). Seroprevalence of Canine Neosporosis and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea in Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Kenya. Transbound Emerg Dis, doi: 10.1111/tbed.13429 Avaible from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tbed.13429 Access date:10.04.2020.
  • Öztürk D, Kale M, Pehlivanoğlu F, et al. (2012). Evaluation for Some Bacterial and Viral Abortions of Dairy Cattle Farms in Burdur District of Turkey. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 18(2), 255-258.
  • R Core Team 2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available online: http://www.R-project.org. Access date; 01.06.2018.
  • Ran X, Chen X, Ma L, et al. (2019). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Dairy Cattle in China. Acta Tropica, 190(2), 296-303.
  • Scharnböck B, Roch FF, Richter V, et al. (2018). A Meta‐Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Prevalences in the Global Cattle Population. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 14420. Schweizer M, Peterhans E (2014). Pestiviruses. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 2, 141-163.
  • Selim AM, Elhaig MM, Moawed SA, et al. (2018). Modeling the Potential Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Prevalence in Egypt Using Univariable And Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses. Vet World, 11, 259-267.
  • Şevik M (2018). The Role of Pestiviruses (BDV and BVDV) in Ruminant Abortion Cases in the Afyonkarahisar Province. Kocatepe Vet J, 11(3), 238-244.
  • Şimşek A, Öztürk F (1997). Klinik Olarak Sağlıklı Sığır Sürülerinde Persiste Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Enfeksiyonlarının Araştırılması ve Epizootiyolojik Önemi. Vet Bil Derg, 13(2), 113-119.
  • Şişman E (2011). Muğla İli ve çevresinde sığırcılık işletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diyare (BVDV) enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Yüzüncü Yıl Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Van
  • Tan MT, Karaoğlu T, Erol N, et al. (2006). Serological and Virological Investigations of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Dairy Cattle Herds in Aydın province. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30, 299-304.
  • Tavella A, Zambotto P, Stifter E, et al. (2012). Investigation to the Specificity of Positive BVDV Results in Ear Notch Samples: Review on The Five-Year-Old Experience in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy). Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 125, 326-331.
  • Wittum TE, Grotelueschen DM, Brock, K.V, et al. (2001). Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus İnfection in US Beef Herds. Prev Vet Med, 49, 83–94.
  • Yavru S, Şimşek A, Yapkıç O, et al. (2005). Serological Evaluation of Viral Infections in Bovine Respiratoy Tract. Acta Vet Beograd, 55, 219-226.
  • Yazıcı Z, Okur GS, Albayrak H (2007). Serological Profile of some Viral Infections in Unvaccinated Cattle in Turkey. Medycyna Weterinaryjna. 63(2), 187-189.
  • Zemke J, Konig P, Mischkale K, Reimann I, Beer M (2010). Novel BVDV-2 Mutants as New Candidates for Modified-Live Vaccines. Vet Microbiol, 142(1-2), 69-80.

Afyonkarahisar İli Süt İşletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diyare Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonu Epidemiyolojisinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2020, , 122 - 126, 19.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.731514

Öz

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) dünya genelinde yaygın olarak gözlemlenen ve önemli üreme problemlerine ve ekonomik kayıplara neden olan sığırların viral hastalık etkenidir. Bu çalışma Afyonkarahisar İli süt işletmelerinde BVDV enfeksiyonu epidemiyolojisinin araştırılması amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışma kapsamında 2017-2019 yılları arasında 10 süt sığırı işletmesinden toplamda 240 adet dişi sığır kan örnekleri toplandı. Serum örnekleri BVDV’ye karşı antikor (Ab) ve antijen (Ag) varlığını belirlemek için ticari ELISA test kitleri kullanılarak incelendi. Test sonuçlarına göre serum örneklerinin 98’i (%40.83) pozitif ve 4 tanesi (%1.67) persiste enfekte (PI) bulundu. Ayrıca örnekler, 6- 24 ay, 24-48 ay ve 48 ay üstü yaş aralığında sırasıyla %18.06, %44.80 ve %67.44 seropozitif bulundu. Yaş grupları arasındaki seropozitifliğin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Hayvanların yaşa ilişkin olarak seropozitifliğin doğru orantılı arttığı gözlemlendi. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçlarından elde edilen veriler, Afyonkarahisar İli ve çevresinde bulunan süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde BVDV enfeksiyonunun varlığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle söz konusu viral etkenin daha fazla yayılmasını önlemek için gönüllü veya zorunlu eradikasyon program uygulamalarının bölge ve ülke ekonomisi için önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alkan F, Yeşilbağ K, Burgu İ (2001). Persiste Enfekte Sığırlarda BVDV 'nin Organ Dağılımı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 48, 111-115.
  • Ak S, Fırat İ, Bozkurt HH, et al. (2002). The Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infections in Cattle and Existence of Persistently Infected Cattle in the Trakya Region. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 26, 245-248.
  • Alvarez M, Donate J, Makoschey B (2012). Antibody Responses against Non-Structural Protein 3 of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in Milk and Serum Samples from Animals Immunised with an Inactivated Vaccine. Vet J, 191, 371-376.
  • Avcı O, Yavru S (2013). Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a Dairy Herd with Naturally Infected in Konya. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 29, 82-86.
  • Brownlie J, Clarke MC, Howard CJ, et al. (1987). Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus Infection of Cattle. Annal Vet Res, 18(2), 157-166.
  • Bilgili İ, Mamak N (2019). Isparta İli ve Çevresinde Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diyare Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak Araştırılması. MAKU J Health Sci Inst, 7(2), 105-113.
  • Bulut O, Yavru S, Yapkıç O (2006). Sütçü Sığırların Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) ve Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonları Yönünden Elısa ile Araştırılması. Hay Araş Derg, 16(2), 18-24.
  • Burgu İ, Alkan F, Özkul A, et al. (2003). Türkiye’de Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) Enfeksiyonunun Epidemiyolojisi ve Kontrolü. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 50, 127-133.
  • Duong MC, Alenius S, Huong LTT, et al. (2008). Prevalence of Neospora Caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in Dairy Cows in Southern Vietnam. Vet J, 175(3), 390-394.
  • Ezanno P, Fourichon C, Viet AF, et al. (2007). Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Key-Parameters in Modelling the Spread of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in A Dairy Herd. Prev Vet Med, 80, 49-64. Fulton RW, Whitley EM, Johnson BJ, et al. (2009). Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Persistently Infected Cattle and Bvdv Subtypes in Affected Cattle in Beef Herds in South Central United States Can J Vet Res, 73, 283-291.
  • Gonzalez AM, Arnaiz I, Yus E, et al. (2014). Evaluation of Long-Term Antibody Responses to Two Inactivated Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Vaccines. Vet J, 199, 424–428.
  • Hanon JP, Baere MD, Ferté C, et al. (2018). Serological Monitoring on Milk and Serum Samples in a BVD Eradication Program: A Field Study in Belgium Showing Antibody ELISA Performances and Epidemiological Aspects. Prev Vet Med, 160,136-144.
  • Hashemi GR, Haghparast A, Naseri, Z (2010). Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Antibodies and Antigen among the Aborted Dairy Cows in Industrial Dairy Cattle Herds in Mashhad Area-Iran. World Applied Sciences J, 8(5), 635-640.
  • Houe H (1995). Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 11, 521-547.
  • Houe H (1999). Epidemiological Features and Economical Importance of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infections. Vet Microbiol, 64(2-3), 89-107.
  • Houe H, Meyling A (1991). Prevalence of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD) in 19 Danish Dairy Herds and Estimation of Incidence of Infection in Early Pregnancy. Prev Vet Med, 11, 9-16.
  • Kale M (2007). Sığırlarda Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Enfeksiyonunun Fertilite ile İlişkisinin Araştırılması. TÜBİTAK Projesi. Proje No: 106O366 Burdur. s. 1-116.
  • Lanyon SR, Anderson M, Bergman E, et al. (2013). Validation and Evaluation of a Commercially Available Elısa for the Detection of Antibodies Specific to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (Bovine Pestivirus). Aust Vet J, 91, 52-56.
  • Lanyon SR, Hill FI, Reichel MP, et al. (2014). Bovine Viral Diarrhoea: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. Vet J, 199, 201-209.
  • Lindberg A, Houe H (2005). Characteristics in the Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) of Relevance to Control. Prev Vet Med, 72, 55-73.
  • Ma JG, Cong W, Zhang FH, et al. (2016). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Yaks. (Bos grunniens) in Northwest China. Trop Anim Health Prod, 48, 1747-1750.
  • Mockeliuniene V, Salomskas A, Mockeliunas R, et al. (2004). Prevalence and Epidemiological Features of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection in Lithuania. Vet Microbiol, 99, 51–57.
  • Mirosław P, Polak M (2019). Increased genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle in Poland. BMC Vet Res. 15(1), 278. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2029-z. Avaible from: https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-019-2029-z Access date:12.09.2019
  • Newcomer BW, Chamorro MF, Walz PH (2017). Vaccination of Cattle against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vet Microbiol, 206, 78-83.
  • Nikbakht G, Tabatabaei S, Lotfollahzadeh S, et al. (2015). Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Bovine Leukaemia Virus in Iranian Cattle and Associations among Studied Agents. J App Ani Res, 43(1), 22– 25.
  • OIE. (2017). Listed Diseases, Infections and Infestation in Force in 2017 World Organisation for Animal Health. Avaible from: https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2017/ Access date: 02.08.2019
  • Olum MO, Mungube EO, Njanja J, et al. (2020). Seroprevalence of Canine Neosporosis and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea in Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Kenya. Transbound Emerg Dis, doi: 10.1111/tbed.13429 Avaible from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tbed.13429 Access date:10.04.2020.
  • Öztürk D, Kale M, Pehlivanoğlu F, et al. (2012). Evaluation for Some Bacterial and Viral Abortions of Dairy Cattle Farms in Burdur District of Turkey. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 18(2), 255-258.
  • R Core Team 2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available online: http://www.R-project.org. Access date; 01.06.2018.
  • Ran X, Chen X, Ma L, et al. (2019). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Dairy Cattle in China. Acta Tropica, 190(2), 296-303.
  • Scharnböck B, Roch FF, Richter V, et al. (2018). A Meta‐Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Prevalences in the Global Cattle Population. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 14420. Schweizer M, Peterhans E (2014). Pestiviruses. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 2, 141-163.
  • Selim AM, Elhaig MM, Moawed SA, et al. (2018). Modeling the Potential Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Prevalence in Egypt Using Univariable And Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses. Vet World, 11, 259-267.
  • Şevik M (2018). The Role of Pestiviruses (BDV and BVDV) in Ruminant Abortion Cases in the Afyonkarahisar Province. Kocatepe Vet J, 11(3), 238-244.
  • Şimşek A, Öztürk F (1997). Klinik Olarak Sağlıklı Sığır Sürülerinde Persiste Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Enfeksiyonlarının Araştırılması ve Epizootiyolojik Önemi. Vet Bil Derg, 13(2), 113-119.
  • Şişman E (2011). Muğla İli ve çevresinde sığırcılık işletmelerinde Bovine Viral Diyare (BVDV) enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Yüzüncü Yıl Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Van
  • Tan MT, Karaoğlu T, Erol N, et al. (2006). Serological and Virological Investigations of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Dairy Cattle Herds in Aydın province. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30, 299-304.
  • Tavella A, Zambotto P, Stifter E, et al. (2012). Investigation to the Specificity of Positive BVDV Results in Ear Notch Samples: Review on The Five-Year-Old Experience in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy). Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 125, 326-331.
  • Wittum TE, Grotelueschen DM, Brock, K.V, et al. (2001). Persistent Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus İnfection in US Beef Herds. Prev Vet Med, 49, 83–94.
  • Yavru S, Şimşek A, Yapkıç O, et al. (2005). Serological Evaluation of Viral Infections in Bovine Respiratoy Tract. Acta Vet Beograd, 55, 219-226.
  • Yazıcı Z, Okur GS, Albayrak H (2007). Serological Profile of some Viral Infections in Unvaccinated Cattle in Turkey. Medycyna Weterinaryjna. 63(2), 187-189.
  • Zemke J, Konig P, Mischkale K, Reimann I, Beer M (2010). Novel BVDV-2 Mutants as New Candidates for Modified-Live Vaccines. Vet Microbiol, 142(1-2), 69-80.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ömer Bariş İnce 0000-0001-8302-9607

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Kasım 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA İnce, Ö. B. (2020). Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar. Van Veterinary Journal, 31(3), 122-126. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.731514
AMA İnce ÖB. Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar. Van Vet J. Kasım 2020;31(3):122-126. doi:10.36483/vanvetj.731514
Chicago İnce, Ömer Bariş. “Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar”. Van Veterinary Journal 31, sy. 3 (Kasım 2020): 122-26. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.731514.
EndNote İnce ÖB (01 Kasım 2020) Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar. Van Veterinary Journal 31 3 122–126.
IEEE Ö. B. İnce, “Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar”, Van Vet J, c. 31, sy. 3, ss. 122–126, 2020, doi: 10.36483/vanvetj.731514.
ISNAD İnce, Ömer Bariş. “Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar”. Van Veterinary Journal 31/3 (Kasım 2020), 122-126. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.731514.
JAMA İnce ÖB. Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar. Van Vet J. 2020;31:122–126.
MLA İnce, Ömer Bariş. “Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar”. Van Veterinary Journal, c. 31, sy. 3, 2020, ss. 122-6, doi:10.36483/vanvetj.731514.
Vancouver İnce ÖB. Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) Infection Epidemiology at Dairies in the Province of Afyonkarahisar. Van Vet J. 2020;31(3):122-6.

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