PCR detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in stray dogs in Batman, Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 183 - 185, 22.11.2019

Bekir Oğuz , Serdar Deger

https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.621542

Cited By: 3

Öz

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes
high-grade fever in humans, ruminants, horses, cats, and dogs. A. phagocytophilum, which causes
granulocytic anaplasmosis in dogs, has a wide geographical distribution in the
world, but there are not many studies on the Anaplasma species in dogs in
Turkey. A.
phagocytophilum, which infects leukocytes in dog, might also be
zoonotic. This study aimed to investigate the A. phagocytophilum prevalence in stray dogs in Batman province of
Turkey using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Blood samples were
drawn into EDTA tubes from the venae cephalica antebrachii of randomly selected
97 asymptomatic dogs in total. Identification of A. phagocytophilum was carried out using the conventional PCR
method that was conducted by using the DNAs obtained from the samples. A. phagocytophilum prevalence was found
to be 3.1% in the examined blood samples. In conclusion, infection of dogs in
Batman province with A. phagocytophilum
has been revealed molecularly for the first time with this study. It is considered
that detection of this species, which can cause disease (Human granulocytic
anaplasmosis) in humans as well, has contributed epidemiologically to the data
on the spread of the disease throughout Turkey. Moreover, investigating the tick
species that transmit the disease in the region where the study was conducted
is important for developing effective control strategies against the disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Dog, Pathogen, PCR

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Veterinarian Onur Kilic for their assistance in sample collection.

Kaynakça

• Aktas M, Altay K, Dumanli N (2011). Molecular detection and identification of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in cattle from Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 2, 62-65.
• Aktas M, Vatansever Z, Altay K, Aydin MF, Dumanli N (2010). Molecular evidence for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus from Turkey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 104, 10-15.
• Beall MJ, Chandrashekar R, Eberts MD, Cyr KE, Diniz PP, Mainville C, Hegarty BC, Crawford JM, Breitschwerdt EB (2008). Serological and molecular prevalence of
• Borreliaburgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Ehrlichia species in dogs from Minnesota. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 8, 455-464.
• Bellstro¨m L (1989). Fa¨stingburnarickettsioser (In Swedish). Svensk Veterina¨rtidning, 41, 549-553.
• Bjo¨ersdorff A, Christenson D, Johnsson A, Sjo¨ stro¨m AC, Madigan JE (1990). Ehrlichia equi-infektion diagnostiserat hos ha¨st (In Swedish). Svensk Veterina¨rtidning. 42, 357-360.
• Carrade D, Foley JE, Borjesson DL, Sykes JE (2009). Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis: A Review. J Vet Intern Med, 23(6), 1129-1141.
• Christova I, Gladnishka T (2005). Prevalence of infection with Francisella tularensis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensulato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodenst from an endemic focus of tularaemia in Bulgaria. Ann Agric Environ Med, 12, 149-152.
• Duzlu O, Inci A, Yildirim A, Onder Z, Ciloglu A (2014). Köpeklerde kene kaynaklı bazı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların Real Time PCR ile araştırılması ve saptanan izolatların molekuler karakterizasyonları. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 61, 275-282.
• Ebani VV, Bertelloni F, Turchi B, Cerri D (2013). Serological and molecular survey of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Italian hunting dogs. Ann Agric Environ Med, 20(2), 289-292.
• Eberts MD, Diniz PP, Beall MJ, Stillman BA, Chandrashekar R, Breitschwerdt EB (2011). Typical and atypical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 47, 88-94.
• Huber D, Rei I, Duvnjank S, Jurković D, Lukačevic D, Pilat M, Beck A, Mihaljević Z, Vojta L, Polkinghorne A, Beck R (2017). Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma phagocythophilum and Wolbachia sp. but not Ehrlichia canis in Croatian dogs. Parasitol Res, 116, 3019-3026
• Jennifer L Granick, P Jane Armstrong, Jeff BB (2009). Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs: 34 cases (2000-2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 234(12), 1559-1565.
• Karagenc T, Hosgor M, Bilgic HB, Pasa S, Kirli G, Eren H (2005). The determination of the prevalence of E. canis, A. phagocytophila, A. platys with nested PCR in dogs in the Aegean Region. İzmir, Turkey: 14th National Parasitology Congress, p. 18–25.
• Liz JS, Anderes L, Sumner JW, Massung RF, Gern L, Rutti B, Brossard M (2000). PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichia in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol, 39(2), 828.
• Madewell BR, Gribble DH (1982). Infection in two dogs with an agent resembling Ehrlichiaequi. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 180, 512–514.
• Massung RF, Slater KG (2003). Comparison of PCR assays for detection of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 717-722.
• Melter O, Stehlik I, Kinska H, Volfova I, Ticha V, Hulinska D (2007). Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a young dog: a case report. Vet Med (Praha), 52, 207-212.
• Passamonti F, Veronesi F, Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Coppola G, Marenzoni ML, Piergili FD, Verini SA, Coletti M (2010) .Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks: a preliminary survey of Central Italy. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 33, 73–83.
• Pasa S, Kıral F, Karagenc T, Atasoy A, Seyrek K (2009). Description of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 33, 289-295.
• Potkonjak A, Vracar V, Savić S, Lako B, Radosavljevic V, Cincovic M, Suvajdzic L, Jurisic A, Petrovic A (2015). The seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs in the canine babesiosis, Serbia. Veterinarski Arhiv, 85, 385-394.
• Sainz A, Roura X, Miró G, Estrada-Peña A, Kohn B, Harrus S, Solano-Gallego L (2015). Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasitol Vectors, 8, 75.
• Santos HA, Pıres MS, Vılela JA, Sanotos TM,Facınnı JL, Baldanı CD,Thome SM, Sanavrıa A, Massard CL (2011). Detection of Anaplasmaphagocytophilum in Brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest, 23, 770-774
• Sen E, Uchishima Y, Okamoto Y, Fukui T, Kadosaka T, Ohashi N, Masuzawa T (2011). Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Istanbul metropolitan area and rural Trakya (Thrace) region of north- western Turkey. Ticks Tick-borne Dis, 2(2), 94-98.
• Ulutas B, Bayramli G, Karagenc T (2007). First case of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys infection in a dog in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31(4), 279-282.
• Vargas-Hernandez MR, André DM, Cendales KCM, de Sousa LR, Gonçalves MCH, Rondelli, Machado RZ, Tinucci-Costa M (2016). Molecular detection of Anaplasma species in dogs in Colombia, Rev. Bras. Parasitol Veterinária, 25, 459-464.
• Woldehiwet Z (2010). The natural history of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Vet Parasitol, 167(2-4), 108-22.