Effect of Probiotic and Mannan-Oligosaccharide Use on Performance, Disease, Survival Rate and Profitability in Calves

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 77 - 82, 29.03.2024

Mehmet Küçükoflaz , Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü , Veli Özbek , Savaş Sarıözkan

https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.1399389

Öz

The research was carried out to determine the effect of giving probiotics (EM-Effective Microorganisms) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) to calves, separately or together, on growth parameters such as live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed efficiency (FE), body measurements, disease and survival rate with calf breeding costs. In the study, 76 calves (38 Holsteins and 38 Simmentals, 38 males, 38 females, 7±3 days old, 38±2 kg LW) were divided into 4 groups, including control group and 3 experimental groups, with 19 calves in each group. Unlike the control group, calves in the trial group were given 10 mL EM, 5 g MOS or 10 mL EM+5 g MOS by adding them to the milk. At the end of the study, it was determined that giving EM, MOS or EM+MOS to calves during the pre-weaning period did not significantly affect live weight (LW), LWG, dry matter consumption (DMC), FE, body measurements, disease rate and farm economy (total cost, total income and net profit). As a result, alternative feed additives to be preferred should both improve animal performance and contribute to the enterprise's economies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Calf, Performance, Probiotic, Prebiotic, Profit

Buzağılarda Probiyotik ve Mannan-Oligosakkarit Kullanımının Performans, Hastalık, Yaşama Oranı ve Karlılık Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Araştırma buzağılara probiyotik (EM-Etkin Mikroorganizmalar) ve mannan-oligosakkarit (MOS)’in ayrı ayrı veya birlikte verilmesinin canlı ağırlık artışı (CAA), yem tüketimi (YT), yemden yararlanma (YY) gibi büyüme parametreleri, vücut ölçüleri, hastalık ve yaşama oranı ile buzağı yetiştirme maliyetlerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 76 baş (38 baş Holstein ve 38 baş Simmental, 38 adet erkek, 38 adet dişi, 7±3 günlük yaşlı, 38±2 kg CA) buzağı, her grupta 19 buzağı olacak şekilde bir kontrol ve 3 deneme grubu olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. Deneme grubunda bulunan buzağılara kontrol grubundan farklı olarak 10 ml EM, 5 g MOS veya 10 ml EM+5 g MOS süte katılarak verildi. Çalışma sonunda süt emme döneminde buzağılara EM, MOS veya EM+MOS verilmesinin canlı ağırlık (CA), CAA, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT), YY, vücut ölçüleri ve hastalık oranı ile ekonomik göstergeleri (toplam maliyet, toplam gelir ve net kar) önemli oranda etkilemediği belirlendi (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, tercih edilecek alternatif yem katkı maddeleri hem hayvan performansını iyileştirecek hem de işletme ekonomisine katkı sunacak nitelikte olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Buzağı, Performans, Kar, Prebiyotik, Probiyotik

Kaynakça

• Aldana C, Cabra S, Ospina CA, Carvajal F, Rodríguez F (2009). Effect of a probiotic compound in rumen development, diarrhea incidence and weight gain in young Holstein calves. Int J Agric Biol Eng, 3 (9), 489-492.
• Bayatkouhsar J, Tahmasebi AM, Naserian AA, Mokarram RR, Valizadeh R (2013). Effects of supplementation of lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, blood metabolites and fecal coliform and lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 186 (1-2), 1-11.
• Büyükkılıç Beyzi S (2012). Buzağılarda Yem Katkı Maddesi Olarak Probiyotiğin Performans ve Dışkı Karakteristikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Daenicke R, Flachowsky G (2001). Efficacy of the probiotic toyocerin on the performance of raising calves. In Vitamine und Zusatzstoffe in der Ernährung von Mensch und Tier. 8. Symposium, Germany.
• Dar AH, Singh SK, Rahman JU, Ahmad SF (2022). The effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood metabolites, faecal bacteria, and economics of crossbred calves. Iran J Vet Res, 23 (4), 322.
• Diler A, Aydın R (2009). Rasyona probiyotikâ" enzim kombinasyonu ilavesinin İsviçre Esmeri ırkı buzağılarda büyüme performansı ve yemden yararlanma ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Hay Üret, 50 (2), 22-28.
• Ghosh S, Mehla RK (2012). Influence of dietary supplementation of prebiotics (mannan-oligosaccharide) on the performance of crossbred calves. Trop Anim Health Prod, 44, 617-622.
• Güçlü BK, Kara K (2009). Ruminant beslemede alternatif yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı: 1. probiyotik, prebiyotik ve enzim. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 6 (1), 65-75.
• Heinrichs AJ, Jones CM, Heinrichs BS (2003). Effects of mannan-oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal diets on health and growth of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci, 86 (12), 4064-4069.
• Jatkauskas J, Vrotniakiene V (2010). Effects of probiotic dietary supplementation on diarrhoea patterns, faecal microbiota and performance of early weaned calves. Vet Med, 55 (10), 494-503.
• Jukna Č, Jukna V, Šimkus A (2003). The Effect of some probiotic preparations on calves' growth. Bulg J Vet Med. 6, 2.
• Kara C, Cihan H, Temizel M ve ark. (2015). Effects of supplemental mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, faecal characteristics and health in dairy calves. AJAS, 28 (11), 1599.
• Kuter E, Gümüş H, Karakaş Oğuz F (2020). Probiyotik ve prebiyotiklerin bağırsak sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Hayvan Beslemede Bağırsak Sağlığının Önemi. 1. Baskı. Türkiye Klinikleri, Ankara.
• Küçükoflaz M, Özbek V, Sarıözkan S, Kocaoğlu Güçlü B, Kara K (2022). Growth performance, ruminal volatile fatty acids, health status and profitability in calves fed with milk supplemented with probiotics. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 28 (3), 421-430.
• Küçükoflaz M, Sarıözkan S (2023). Entansif süt sığırcılığında buzağı hastalıkları ve ölümlerine bağlı ekonomik kayıpların belirlenmesi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 20 (2), 94-103.
• Morrison SJ, Dawson S, Carson AF (2010). The effects of mannan-oligosaccharide and Streptococcus faecium addition to milk replacer on calf health and performance. Livest Sci, 131 (2-3), 292-296.
• Murray CF, Fick LJ, Pajor EA ve ark. (2016). Calf management practices and associations with herd-level morbidity and mortality on beef cow-calf operations. Animal, 10 (3), 468-477.
• Nehru Arun P, Sunandhadevi S, Rama T, Muniyappan N (2017). Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance of crossbred calves in an organized cattle farm. J Anim Health Prod, 5 (3), 89-91.
• Noori M, Alikhani M, Jahanian R (2016). Effect of partial substitution of milk with probiotic yogurt of different pH on performance, body conformation and blood biochemical parameters of Holstein calves. J Appl Anim Res, 44 (1), 221-229.
• Nor NM, Steeneveld W, Mourits MCM, Hogeveen H (2012). Estimating the costs of rearing young dairy cattle in the Netherlands using a simulation model that accounts for uncertainty related to diseases. Prev Vet Med, 106 (3-4), 214-224.
• Riddell JB, Gallegos AJ, Harmon DL, McLeod KR (2010). Addition of a Bacillus based probiotic to the diet of preruminant calves: Influence on growth, health, and blood parameters. Int J Appl Res Vet Med, 8 (1), 78-85.
• Ruppert LD, McCoy GC, Bower NR, Hotjens MF (2023). Probiotic suplemented calf diets. Erişim Tarihi: 03 Ekim 2023. Erişim Adresi: http//www.Traill.Uiuc.edu/dairynet.
• Silva JTD, Bittar CMM, Ferreira LS (2012). Evaluation of mannan-oligosaccharides offered in milk replacers or calf starters and their effect on performance and rumen development of dairy calves. Rev Bras de Zootec, 41, 746-752.
• Stanton AL, Kelton DF, LeBlanc SJ, Wormuth J, Leslie KE (2012). The effect of respiratory disease and a preventative antibiotic treatment on growth, survival, age at first calving, and milk production of dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci, 95 (9), 4950-4960.
• Syomiti M, Bauni M, Kariuki IW, Gachuri C, Mutua S, Malala D (2014). Evaluation of early calves’ weaning diet as milk replacer for smallholder dairy production systems in Kenya. Afr Crop Sci J, 22, 951-957.
• Szewczuk M, Nowik P, Olejnik K, Jędrych L, Kruszyński W (2017). Influence of the EMTM series probiotic agents on the results of rearing of Polish Holstein-Friesian calves. Acta Sci Pol Zootech, 14 (4), 141-150.
• Terre M, Calvo MA, Adelantado C, Kocher A, Bach A (2007). Effects of mannan oligosaccharides on performance and microorganism fecal counts of calves following an enhanced-growth feeding program. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 137 (1-2), 115-125.
• Timmerman HM, Mulder L, Everts H ve ark. (2005). Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics. J Dairy Sci, 88 (6), 2154-2165.
• Tóth S, Kovács M, Bóta B ve ark. (2020). Effect of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) and inulin supplementation on the performance and certain physiological parameters of calves reared on milk replacer. J Appl Anim Res, 48 (1), 228-234.
• Ural K, Gültekin M, Erdoğan H ve ark. (2020). Kısa dönem değişmeli takvim probiyotik sağaltımıyla atopik dermatitli köpeklerde kaşıntı giderilebilir mi? Türkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 11 (1), 1-8.
• Uzmay C, Kiliç A, Kaya I ve ark. (2011). Effect of mannan oligosaccharide addition to whole milk on growth and health of Holstein calves. Arch Anim Breed, 54 (2), 127-136.
• Ülger İ (2019). Effects of pre-weaning probiotic treatments on growth performance and biochemical blood parameters of Holstein calves. Indian J Anim Res, 53 (5), 644-647.
• Windschitl PM (1991). Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth rate, rumen metabolism, and nutrient digestibility in holstein heifer calves. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 4 (4), 341-351.
• Wu Y, Wang L, Luo R ve ark. (2021). Effect of a multispecies probiotic mixture on the growth and incidence of diarrhea, immune function, and fecal microbiota of pre-weaning dairy calves. Front Microbio, 12, 681014.
• Zábranský L, Poborská A, Malá G ve ark. (2021). Probiotic and prebiotic feed additives in calf nutrition. J Cent Eur Agric, 22 (1), 14-18.