Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya Perspektifinden İhracat Yoğunlaşması: Avrupa Birliği Örneği

Öz

Amaç: Avrupa Birliği'nde ihracat yoğunlaşmasının varlığını araştırmak ve Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya perspektifinden açıklanabilirliğini değerlendirmektir. Çalışma, ihracatın neden ve nasıl yoğunlaştığını, bu süreci etkileyen ekonomik ve coğrafi faktörleri incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Yöntem: Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya teorik arka planı çerçevesinden 2005-2019 yılları aralığında ihracat yoğunlaşması 20 Avrupa Birliği ülkesi için Statik ve Dinamik Panel Veri yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. İhracat yoğunlaşması lokasyon katsayısı ile hesaplandıktan sonra Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya bileşenleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya bileşenleri Avrupa Birliği’nde, ihracat yoğunlaşmasını anlamlı şekilde açıklamaktadır. Bölgedeki işgücü verimliliği, bilgi dışsallıkları ihracat yoğunlaşmasını pozitif etkilerken, döviz kurları, ölçek ekonomileri, mesafe ve ortalama ücret ihracat yoğunlaşmasını negatif etkilemektedir. Özgünlük: Literatürdeki çalışmalar, yığılmaları ihracat performansı ya da sektör yoğunlaşması olarak ele alırken bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği’nde ihracatın yoğunlaşması ve Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya teorik arka planının bu olguyu açıklayabilme kabiliyeti araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya
• Yığılmalar
• İhracat Yoğunlaşması

Export Concentration from The New Economic Geography Perspective: The Case of The European Union

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the existence of export concentration in the European Union and to assess its explainability from the perspective of New Economic Geography. The study aims to examine why and how exports are concentrated and the economic and geographical factors affecting this process. Methodology: Within the framework of the New Economic Geography theoretical background, export concentration for the period 2005-2019 is analyzed using Static and Dynamic Panel Data methods for 20 European Union countries. Export concentration was calculated with the location coefficient and then analyzed with New Economic Geography components. Findings: The New Economic Geography components significantly explain export concentration in the European Union. While labor productivity and knowledge externalities in the region positively affect export concentration, exchange rates, economies of scale, distance and average wage negatively affect export concentration. Originality: While studies in the literature address agglomeration as export performance or sector concentration, this study investigates the ability of the theoretical background of export concentration in the European Union and New Economic Geography to explain this phenomenon.

Keywords

• New Economic Geography
• Agglomerations
• Export Concentration

Kaynakça

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