ECONOMIC FACTORS AND THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN THE NATIONAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS: A PANEL DATA-BASED APPLICATION

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the technical efficiency of the healthcare systems of OECD countries and the economic factors affecting it.

Methodology: In the current study, input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with variable returns to scale was used to reveal the technical efficiency levels of the national healthcare systems in OECD countries. After the DEA, a panel Tobit regression was used to analyze some economic factors (per capita gross domestic product by purchasing power parity, as $ (GDP), Gini Coefficient (Gini), inflation rate (Inf), unemployment rate (Unm) and 2008 global economic crisis dummy variable (2008crs)) thought to have effect on the technical efficiency levels of healthcare systems were investigated. The study covered the period of 2000-2016.

Findings: According to the results, income per capita statistically significantly increased the technical efficiency of healthcare systems in OECD countries. In addition, unemployment rate and income distribution unfairness statistically significantly reduced the technical efficiency of healthcare systems in OECD countries. Apart from this, inflation increased the technical efficiency of healthcare systems while 2008 global economic crisis decreased, but the effects of these variables were not found to be statistically significant.

Originality: There is no other study in the literature covering a period as long as the years covered by this study. In addidtion, dividing the years covered by the study into periods made the periods comparable with each other.

Keywords

• Technical Efficiency in Healthcare Systems
• OECD
• DEA
• Panel Tobit

EKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER VE ULUSAL SAĞLIK SİSTEMLERİNDE TEKNİK ETKİNLİK: PANEL VERİYE DAYALI BİR UYGULAMA

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerinin sağlık sistemlerinin teknik etkinliğinin ve buna etki eden ekonomik faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, OECD ülkelerinin ulusal sağlık sistemlerinin teknik etkinliğini ortaya koymak adına girdi yönelimli ölçeğe göre değişken getirili Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) kullanılmıştır. VZA sonrasında panel Tobit regresyon ile çeşitli ekonomik faktörlerin (satın alma gücü paritesine göre kişi başına düşen $ (GDP), Gini Katsayısı (Gini), enflasyon oranı (Inf), işsizlik oranı (Unm) ve 2008 küresel ekonomik krizi kukla değişkeni (2008crs)) sağlık sistemlerinin teknik etkinliği üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2000-2016 dönemini kapsamıştır.

Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre, kişi başına düşen gelir arttıkça OECD ülkelerinde sağlık sistemleri teknik etkinliği istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Ayrıca, işsizlik oranı ve gelir dağılımı adaletsizliği OECD ülkelerinin sağlık sistemlerinin teknik etkinliğini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde
azaltmaktadır. Bunun dışında, sağlık sistemlerinde teknik etkinliğine enflasyon olumlu, 2008 küresel ekonomik krizi ise olumsuz etki etmiştir ancak bu değişkenlerin etkileri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir.

Özgünlük: Literatürde, bu çalışmanın kapsadığı yıllar kadar uzun bir dönemi kapsayan başka bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, çalışmanın kapsadığı yılların dönemlere ayrılması, dönemleri birbirleri ile kıyaslanabilir hale getirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• OECD
• VZA
• Sağlık Sistemlerinde Teknik Etkinlik
• Panel Tobit

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