Hamilelikte insan kapitalinin sürdürülebilirliği: Ergonomik bir bakış açısı

Yıl 2010, Sayı: 2, 109 - 121, 01.03.2010

Şengül Hablemitoğlu Emine Özmete Filiz Yıldırım

Öz

Bu çalışma hamilelik döneminde (i)çalışma ortamındaki ergonomik risk faktörleri ve insan kapitali etkileşimini, (ii) çalışan kadınların insan kapitalinin sürdürülebilirliğini engelleyen ergonomik risk faktörlerini ve (iii) bu risk faktörlerini ortadan kaldırma ya da azaltmada gerekli olan makro ve mikro düzeydeki düzenlemeleri ortaya koymaktadır. Hamilelik döneminde kadınların çalışma yaşamında maruz kaldıkları ergonomik risk faktörlerinin göz ardı edilmesi, çoğu zaman kadına karşı gizli ve görünür ayrımcılığın nedeni olmaktadır. Bu nedenle kadınların çalışma yaşamındaki ergonomik riskleri azaltmak için gereken makro ve mikro düzenlemeler; hem hamilelik döneminde kadınların insan kapitallerinin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayacak, hem de çalışma yaşamında sosyal adalet ve insan haklarının yerine getirilmesine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hamile kadınlar, beşeri sermaye, ergonomi

The sustainability of human capital at pregnancy: An ergonomics viewpoint

Öz

This study explains that (i) interaction between ergonomics risk factors in work environment and human capital (ii) hindering ergonomics risk factors to sustainability of working women's human capital and, (iii) macro and micro arrangements in order to prevent from ergonomics risk factors in work environment. Neglecting of ergonomics risk factors in women's work life at pregnancy period is cause of secret and real/showing discrimination against women. Therefore, it is necessary to make macro and micro arrangements for decreasing of ergonomics risk factors in women's work life. These provide to women both sustainability of human capital in pregnancy period and realization of social justice and human rights in work life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

pregnant women, human capital, ergonomics

Kaynakça

• •• Anonymous, 1976, Ergonomics in Factory and Office Work, AS 1937, Standards Association of Australia, North Sydney
• •• Anonymous, 1987, Safety-Health and Working Conditions. (Ed.) Fridlund, Lennart, Joint Industrial Safety Counsil, ISBN: 91-7522-115-2, Sweden
• •• Anonymous, 1994, Workplace Health and Safety. Medical Guideline, October 1994, Alberta Human Resource and Employment, Edmonton, Calgary
• •• Anonymous, 2001a, Ergonomics Society of Australia Inc. 2001. ESA Directory, Ergonomics Society of Australia Inc. Narabundah, ACT
• •• Anonymous, 2001b, National Occupational Health Research Strategies, Industrial Health 2001, 39, 287–307
• •• Anonymous, 2002, Working Your Way Through Pregnancy, Commonwealth of Australia, Australia
• •• Anonymous, 2006, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in Istatistics. Department of Economics and Social Affairs, United Nations, Isbn: 92-1- 161482-1, New York
• •• Anonymous, 2007a, OECD Insights Human Capital: How What You Know Shapes Your Life, OECD, ISBN: 92-64-029095
• •• Anonymous, 2007b, Ergonomics Protection for Expectant Mothers: A Physiological Perspective, Department of Defense(DoD) Ergonomics Working Group NEWS, Number: 64, May 2007, United States
• •• Anonymous, 2007c, Ergonomics and Pregnancy, Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers Inc., (OHCOW), Toronto, Windsor, Hamilton, Sarnia-Lambton, Sudbury
• •• Adakale-Demirhan, F.E. ve Ekonomi, M. 2005, Türkiye’de Kadın İşçilerle İlgili Koruyucu Yasal Düzenlemeler ve 4857 Sayılı İş Kanunu İle Getirilen Yenilikler, İtü Dergisi / D Mühendislik, 4(5); 55-67
• •• Baird, M.Z. 2007, Managing Ergonomics Risk Factors on Construction Sites
• University Technology Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Degree of Master Sciences(Construction Management), Malaysia
• •• Blundell, R., Dearden, L. Meghir, C. and Sıanesi, B. 1999, Human Capital Investment: The Returns from Education and Training to The Individual, The Firm and The Economy, Fiscal Studies, 20(1); 1-23
• •• Burdorf, A., Figa-Talamanca, I., Kold-Jensen, T., Marie-Thulstrup, A
• 2006, Effect of Occupational Exposure on The Reproductive System: Core Evidence and Practical Implications, Occupational Medicine, 56, 516-520
• •• Figa-Talamanca, I. 1999, Reproductive Health and Occupational Hazards Among Women Workers, (Ed.) Kane, P. Women and Occupational Health, Global Commission on Women’s Health, World Health Organization
• •• Güler, Ç. 1997, Ergonomiye Giriş, Çevre Sağlığı Temel Kaynak Dizisi, No:45, TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık Projesi Genel Koordinatörlüğü, Birinci Baskı, ISBN: 975-8088-52-1, Ankara
• •• Jafry, T. 2000, Women, Human Capital and Livelihoods: An Ergonomics Perspectives, Natural Resource Perspectives, No: 54, Overseas Development Institute, Online: http//www.odi.org.uk, Access Time: 08.08.2008
• •• McNeill, M.B. 1999, Ergonomics Issues and Methodologies in Industrially Developing Countries, Loughborough University: PhD thesis
• •• Paul, J. 2004, Healthy Beginnings: Guidance on Safe Maternity at Work
• International Labor Organization, International Labor Office, ISBN: 92-2- 115239-1, Genova
• •• Sawyer, J.K. 2004. An Investigation into The Application of Ergonomics Principles to The Use of Desktop Keyboard –Operated Computer Technology within Organizations. The University of Adelaide, Department of Public Health, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Adelaide
• •• Toksöz, G. 2007, Türkiye’de Kadın İstihdamının Durumu, Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü, ISBN: 978-92-2-820552-7, Ankara
• •• http://www.occuhealth.org/home.html. Occupational Health Consultancy, Assessments, Ergonomics and Training. Acces Date: 04.08.2008
• •• http://www.marshriskconsulting.com. Workplace Productivity and Ergonomics
• Access Date: 08.09.2008
• •• WHO, 1995, Global Strategy on Occupational Health for All, The Way to Health at Work, World Health Organization