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İKLİM DOSTU VE İKLİME DİRENÇLİ ŞEHİRLERİN BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 2, 207 - 229, 18.03.2020

Öz

Yıllar içerisinde, küreselleşme nedeniyle artan insan kaynaklı faaliyetler, çevre sorunlarının artmasına ve dolayısıyla mevsim normallerinin değişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu noktada, özellikle son zamanlarda, iklim dostu ve iklime dirençli şehir kavramları önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma ile iklim dostu ve iklime dirençli kentlerin özellikleri ve kavramsal içerikleri hakkında literatür taraması yapılarak bir kriter listesi oluşturulmuş, uzmanların oluşturulan kriterleri değerlendirmesinden sonra görüşleri alınmış ve ardından bulanık AHP Yöntemi ile bu kentlerin öne çıkan birtakım özellikleri arasında önceliklendirme yapılmıştır. Ağırlık seviyelerine göre toplam ağırlığın Çevre ve Şehir kriterlerinde olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle, gelecekte yapılacak düzenlemeler ve uygulamalar için, küresel ısınmayı ve insan faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan iklim değişikliklerini önlemek için Çevre ve Şehir kriterlerine odaklanmak yararlı olacaktır. Sonuç olarak, gelecek nesiller için daha sağlıklı ve daha güvenli ortamlarda yaşamak için iklim dostu ve iklime dirençli şehirlerin inşası çok önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, yerel iklim değişikliği eylem planları yapılmalı, CO2 emisyon envanterleri hazırlanmalı ve düzenli olarak denetimler yapılmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. UNITED NATIONS, (2014), Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352): 1.
  • 2. ERDEN ÖZSOY, C. and DİNÇ, A., (2016), Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar 2016 Cilt: 53 Sayı: 619, 2016: 36-40.
  • 3. AKBULUT, E. F., (2009), İklim Değişikliğinde Alternatif Politikaların Etkinliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • 4. KREFT, S., ECKSTEIN D., DORSCH, L. and FISCHER, L., GERMANWATCH, E.V., (2015), Briefing Paper, Global Climate Risk Index 2016, Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events?-Weather-Related Loss Events İn 2014 And 1995 To 2014, Bonn, November 2015: 4.
  • 5. PRASAD, N., RANGHIERI, F., SHAH, F., TROHANIS, Z., KESSLER, E. and SINHA R., (2009), The World Bank, Climate Resilient Cities, A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters, Washington DC, 2009: 32.
  • 6. KUŞÇU ŞİMŞEK, Ç. and ŞENGEZER, B.,(2012), The Importance of Green Spaces in Minimizing Urban Heat in the Istanbul Metropolitan Area, Megaron, 7 (2): 116-119.
  • 7. WORLDWATCH INSTITUTE, (2008), Green Jobs: Towards decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon World, Policy messages and main findings for decision makers, 2008, p.2-25.
  • 8. MINISTRY OF INTERIOR, (2011), Hungary – VATI Hungarian Nonprofit Ltd. for Regional Development and Town Planning, Climate-Friendly Cities – A Handbook on the Tasks and Possibilities of European Cities in Relation to Climate Change, Ministry of Interior, Hungary –VATI, Budapest, 10-16.
  • 9. THE EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS, (1998), Urban Sustainability Indicators, Voula Mega V. and Pedersen J., ISBN 92-828-4669-5, Ireland.
  • 10. EUROSTAT WEB SİTE, Eurostat Sustainable Development Indicators, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/indicators, 18.08.2019.
  • 11. C40 WEB SİTE, Selection Criteria, https://www.c40.org/other/c40-cities-awards-selection-criteria, 10.08.2019.
  • 12. EUROPEAN GREEN CITY INDEX, https://apps.espon.eu/etms/rankings/2012_European_Green_City_Index_sum_report.pdf, 08.08.2019.
  • 13. CITTASLOW WEB SİTE, Selection Criteria, http://www.cittaslow.org/content/how-become, 07.08.2019.
  • 14. CITTASLOW TÜRKİYE İNTERNET SİTESİ, Üyelik ve Kriterler, https://cittaslowturkiye.org/uyelik-sureci-ve-kriterler/, 12.08.2019.
  • 15. EU COMMISSION WEB SİTE, European Green Capital Award Evaluation Process, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/applying-for-the-award/evaluation-process/, 11.08.2019.
  • 16. EU COMMISSION WEB SİTE, European Green Leaf Award Evaluation Process, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/europeangreenleaf/evaluation/, 11.08.2019.
  • 17. URBAN LEDS WEB SİTE, https://urban-leds.org/about-the-project/country-and-city-selection/#1559635629963-d0ff5f38-b9b8, 14.08.2019.
  • 18. BUCKLEY, J. J., FEURING, T. and HAYASHI, Y., (2001), Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis Revisited, European Journal of Operational Research, 129: 48–64.
  • 19. BUCKLEY, J. J. (1985), Fuzzy hierarchical analysis, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 17 (3): 233–247.
  • 20. AWASTHI, A., CHAUHAN, S. S., (2012), “A Hybrid Approach Integrating Affinity Diagram, AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS for Sustainable City Logistics Planning”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36 (2), 573–584.
  • 21. SAATY, R.W., (1987), “The Analytic Hierarchy process-what it is and how it is used”, Mathematical Modelling, 9 (3-5), 161-176.
  • 22. ROUYENDEGH, B. D., YILDIZBASI, A., ARIKAN, U. Z. B, (2018), Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS in Site Selection of Wind Power Plants in Turkey, Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 1–14.
  • 23. HANINE, M., BOUTKHOUM, O., TIKNIOUINE, A. et al., (2017), An application of OLAP/GIS-Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS methodology for decision making: Location selection for landfill of industrial wastes as a case study. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21 (6), 2074-2084. doi:10.1007/s12205-369 016-0114-4.
  • 24. CAGLAYAN, N., YILDIZBASI, A., ROUYENDEGH, B. D., (2018), Fuzzy AHP Approach to Prioritizing the Critical Success Factors of Organizational Culture, International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7; 454-466, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3337637.

AN ANALYSIS ON SOME FEATURES OF CLIMATE FRIENDLY AND CLIMATE RESILIENT CITIES

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 2, 207 - 229, 18.03.2020

Öz

Over the years, increased human-induced activities due to globalization caused increase in environmental problems and hence change in seasonal normals. At this point, especially recently, climate-friendly and climate resilient city concepts have started to gain importance. With this study, by making literature review about the features and conceptual contents of climate friendly and climate resilient cities, a criteria list was created and the experts’ opinions regarding criteria were taken and then the prioritization was made among some of the prominent features of these cities with fuzzy AHP Method. Based on weight levels, it is found that the overall weight is on Environment and City criteria. Therefore, future regulations and implementations should focus on Environment and City criteria in order to prevent global warming and climate changes resulting from human activities. As a result, the construction of climate friendly and climate resilient cities is very important for future generations to live in a healthier and safer environment. In this regard, local climate change action plans should be made, CO2 emission inventories should be prepared and also audits should be carried out regularly.

Kaynakça

  • 1. UNITED NATIONS, (2014), Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352): 1.
  • 2. ERDEN ÖZSOY, C. and DİNÇ, A., (2016), Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar 2016 Cilt: 53 Sayı: 619, 2016: 36-40.
  • 3. AKBULUT, E. F., (2009), İklim Değişikliğinde Alternatif Politikaların Etkinliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • 4. KREFT, S., ECKSTEIN D., DORSCH, L. and FISCHER, L., GERMANWATCH, E.V., (2015), Briefing Paper, Global Climate Risk Index 2016, Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events?-Weather-Related Loss Events İn 2014 And 1995 To 2014, Bonn, November 2015: 4.
  • 5. PRASAD, N., RANGHIERI, F., SHAH, F., TROHANIS, Z., KESSLER, E. and SINHA R., (2009), The World Bank, Climate Resilient Cities, A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters, Washington DC, 2009: 32.
  • 6. KUŞÇU ŞİMŞEK, Ç. and ŞENGEZER, B.,(2012), The Importance of Green Spaces in Minimizing Urban Heat in the Istanbul Metropolitan Area, Megaron, 7 (2): 116-119.
  • 7. WORLDWATCH INSTITUTE, (2008), Green Jobs: Towards decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon World, Policy messages and main findings for decision makers, 2008, p.2-25.
  • 8. MINISTRY OF INTERIOR, (2011), Hungary – VATI Hungarian Nonprofit Ltd. for Regional Development and Town Planning, Climate-Friendly Cities – A Handbook on the Tasks and Possibilities of European Cities in Relation to Climate Change, Ministry of Interior, Hungary –VATI, Budapest, 10-16.
  • 9. THE EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS, (1998), Urban Sustainability Indicators, Voula Mega V. and Pedersen J., ISBN 92-828-4669-5, Ireland.
  • 10. EUROSTAT WEB SİTE, Eurostat Sustainable Development Indicators, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/indicators, 18.08.2019.
  • 11. C40 WEB SİTE, Selection Criteria, https://www.c40.org/other/c40-cities-awards-selection-criteria, 10.08.2019.
  • 12. EUROPEAN GREEN CITY INDEX, https://apps.espon.eu/etms/rankings/2012_European_Green_City_Index_sum_report.pdf, 08.08.2019.
  • 13. CITTASLOW WEB SİTE, Selection Criteria, http://www.cittaslow.org/content/how-become, 07.08.2019.
  • 14. CITTASLOW TÜRKİYE İNTERNET SİTESİ, Üyelik ve Kriterler, https://cittaslowturkiye.org/uyelik-sureci-ve-kriterler/, 12.08.2019.
  • 15. EU COMMISSION WEB SİTE, European Green Capital Award Evaluation Process, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/applying-for-the-award/evaluation-process/, 11.08.2019.
  • 16. EU COMMISSION WEB SİTE, European Green Leaf Award Evaluation Process, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/europeangreenleaf/evaluation/, 11.08.2019.
  • 17. URBAN LEDS WEB SİTE, https://urban-leds.org/about-the-project/country-and-city-selection/#1559635629963-d0ff5f38-b9b8, 14.08.2019.
  • 18. BUCKLEY, J. J., FEURING, T. and HAYASHI, Y., (2001), Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis Revisited, European Journal of Operational Research, 129: 48–64.
  • 19. BUCKLEY, J. J. (1985), Fuzzy hierarchical analysis, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 17 (3): 233–247.
  • 20. AWASTHI, A., CHAUHAN, S. S., (2012), “A Hybrid Approach Integrating Affinity Diagram, AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS for Sustainable City Logistics Planning”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36 (2), 573–584.
  • 21. SAATY, R.W., (1987), “The Analytic Hierarchy process-what it is and how it is used”, Mathematical Modelling, 9 (3-5), 161-176.
  • 22. ROUYENDEGH, B. D., YILDIZBASI, A., ARIKAN, U. Z. B, (2018), Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS in Site Selection of Wind Power Plants in Turkey, Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 1–14.
  • 23. HANINE, M., BOUTKHOUM, O., TIKNIOUINE, A. et al., (2017), An application of OLAP/GIS-Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS methodology for decision making: Location selection for landfill of industrial wastes as a case study. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21 (6), 2074-2084. doi:10.1007/s12205-369 016-0114-4.
  • 24. CAGLAYAN, N., YILDIZBASI, A., ROUYENDEGH, B. D., (2018), Fuzzy AHP Approach to Prioritizing the Critical Success Factors of Organizational Culture, International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7; 454-466, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3337637.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kübra Yıldırım Özcan

Abdullah Yıldızbası 0000-0001-8104-3392

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım Özcan, K., & Yıldızbası, A. (2020). AN ANALYSIS ON SOME FEATURES OF CLIMATE FRIENDLY AND CLIMATE RESILIENT CITIES. Verimlilik Dergisi(2), 207-229.

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22408  Verimlilik Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY-NC 4.0) ile lisanslanmıştır.