Araştırma Makalesi
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A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TO DETERMINE THE PROBLEMS FACED IN ISO 9001 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN SMEs

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 4, 3 - 20, 29.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.671694

Öz

Purpose: Although the ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS) Standard is the most applied standard worldwide, there are still question marks regarding the effective use of the system. The main purpose of this study is to identify the problems encountered in ISO 9001 QMS applications in SMEs and to define the requirements for an effective system management.

Methodology: In the study, the “how” and “why” of the problem were tried to be revealed by using the Descriptive Multiple Case Study, one of the qualitative research techniques.

Findings: The findings obtained at the end of the implementation process consisting of observation, document review, interview and reporting stages showed that SMEs had the most difficulty in applying risk management, human resources, training, corrective action, control of nonconforming product and internal audit processes. The main reasons for the problems encountered in ISO 9001 QMS were determined as the failure of the management to provide the necessary support, the resistance of the employees to the
system and the inability to spare time for the quality system due to the workload.

Originality: The main difference of this study from other studies in the literature is that it primarily analyzes situations and thoughts, rather than perceptions, with qualitative research method. In addition, in the study, the problems faced by SMEs in QMS implementations were determined from the perspective of different parties (Business Quality Representatives, ISO 9001 QMS Certification Auditor). No study was found in the literature in which more than one point of view was evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • • Anderson, Shannon W.; Daly, J. Daniel; Johnson, F. Marilyn (1999), “Why Firms Seek ISO 9000 Certification: Regulatory Compliance or Competitive Advantage?”, Production and Operations Management, Vol.8 No.1: 28-43.
  • • Anttila, Juhani; Jussila, Kari (2017), ISO 9001: 2015–A Questionable Reform. What Should the Implementing Organisations Understand and Do?”, Total Quality Management & Bu-siness Excellence, Vol.28 No.9-10: 1090-1105.
  • • Blind, Knut; Mangelsdorf, Axel; Pohlisch, Jakob (2018), “The Effects of Cooperation in Acc-reditation on International Trade: Empirical Evidence on ISO 9000 Certificati-ons”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.198: 50-59.
  • • Cai, Shaohan; Jun, Minjoon (2018), “A Qualitative Study of the Internalization of ISO 9000 Standards: The Linkages Among Firms' Motivations, Internalization Processes, and Per-formance”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.196: 248-260.
  • • Carlsson, Matts; Carlsson, Dan (1996), Experiences of Implementing ISO 9000 in Swedish Industry”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol.13 No.7: 36-47.
  • • del Castillo-Peces, Carlos; Mercado-Idoeta, Carmelo; Prado-Roman, Miguel; del Castillo-Feito, Cristina (2018), “The Influence of Motivations and Other Factors on the Results of Implementing ISO 9001 Standards”, European Research on Management and Business Economics, Vol.24 No.1: 33-41.
  • • Douglas, Alex; Kirk, David; Brennan, Carol; Ingram, Arthur (1999), “Maximizing the Benefits of ISO 9000 Implementation”, Total Quality Management, Vol.10 No.4-5: 507-513. • Erginel, Nihal (2010), “TKY Prensipleri Türkiye’de Büyük Ölçekli Firmalar ve KOBİ’ler Tara-fından Benzer Şekilde mi Uygulanmaktadır?”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi A-Uygulamalı Bilimler ve Mühendislik, Vol.11 No:2: 125-140.
  • • Gotzamani, Katerina D. (2005), “The Implications of the New ISO 9000: 2000 Standards for Certified Organizations: A Review of Anticipated Benefits and Implementation Pit-falls”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol.54 No.8: 645-657.
  • • İlkay, Mehmet S.; Aslan, Emre (2006), “IS0 9001: 2000 Kalite Yönetim Sisteminin Kayseri Bölgesindeki KOBİ’lerin Performanslarına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Hacettepe Üni-versitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.24 No.2:, 67-83.
  • • Ingason, Helgi Thor (2015). “Best Project Management Practices in the Implementation of an ISO 9001 Quality Management System”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Scien-ces, Vol.194: 192-200.
  • • Ismyrlis, Vasileios; Moschidis, Odysseas (2015), “The Effects of ISO 9001 Certification on the Performance of Greek Companies: A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis”, The TQM Journal, vol.27 No.1: 150-162.
  • • Kalkan, Adnan; BOZKURT, Çetinkaya Özlem (2012), “Üretim Sektöründe Faaliyet Gösteren Kobilerde ISO 9000'nin Etkili Uygulaması İçin Kritik Başarı Faktörleri”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversi-tesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.14 No.3: 105-125.
  • • Ochieng, Jackie; Muturi, David; Njihia, Samuel (2015), “Impact of ISO 9001 Implementation on Organizational Performance in Kenya”, Nairobi: KIM. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1461.3921
  • • Prajogo, Daniel I. (2011) “The Roles of Firms’ Motives in Affecting the Outcomes of ISO 9000 Adoption.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol.31 No.1: 78–100.
  • • Priede, Janis (2012), “Implementation of Quality Management System ISO 9001 in the World and Its Strategic Necessity”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.58: 1466-1475.
  • • Psomas, Evangelos L.; Fotopoulos, Christos V.; Kafetzopoulos, Dimitrios P. (2011), “Core Process Management Practices, Quality Tools and Quality Improvement in ISO 9001 Certi-fied Manufacturing Companies”, Business Process Management Journal, Vol.17 No.3: 437-460.
  • • Psomas, Evangelos L.; Antony, Jİju (2015), “The Effectiveness of the ISO 9001 Quality Ma-nagement System and Its Influential Critical Factors in Greek Manufacturing Compa-nies”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol.53 No.7: 2089-2099.
  • • Sampaio, Paulo; Saraiva, Pedro; Rodrigues, Antonio Guimaraes (2009), “ISO 9001 Certifica-tion Research: Questions, Answers and Approaches”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol.26 No.1: 38-58.
  • • Su, Hung-Chung; Dhanorkar, Suvrat; Linderman, Kevin (2015), “A Competitive Advantage From the Implementation Timing of ISO Management Standards”, Journal of Operations Management, Vol.37: 31-44.
  • • Sumaedi, Sik; Yarmen, Medi (2015), “The Effectiveness of ISO 9001 Implementation in Food Manufacturing Companies: a Proposed Measurement Instrument”, Procedia Food Science, Vol.3: 436-444.
  • • Taner, Bahar; Özkan, Ceren (2013), “Kalite Yönetim Sistemi ve Yaşanan Değişime İlişkin Tutumlar: Mersin Üniversitesi Örneği”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Der-gisi, Vol.22 No.1: 213-228.
  • • Terziovski, Mile; Power, Damien (2007), “Increasing ISO 9000 Certification Benefits: A Continuous Improvement Approach”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Mana-gement, Vol.24 No.2: 141-163.
  • • TSE, TS EN ISO 9001: 2015 Kalite Yönetim Sistemleri – Şartlar, 23.10.2015 (Tercüme Tarihi: 06.01.2016), Ankara.
  • • Willar, Debby; Coffey, Vaughan; Trigunarsyah, Bambang (2015), “Examining the Imple-mentation of ISO 9001 in Indonesian Construction Companies”, The TQM Journal, Vol.27 No.1: 94-107.
  • • Williams, Joseph A. (2004), “The Impact of Motivating Factors on Implementation of ISO 9001: 2000 Registration Process”, Management Research News, Vol.27 No.1/2: 74-84.
  • • Yeloğlu, H. Okan; Yumak, H. Cansu (2016), “ISO 9001: 2008 Kalite Yönetim Sistemi’nin Uygulanabilirliği Sorunu: Gönüllülük Mü? Zorunluluk Mu?”, Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergi-si, Vol.2 No.1: 65-88.

KOBİ'LERDE ISO 9001 KALİTE YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLARIN TESPİTİNE YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 4, 3 - 20, 29.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.671694

Öz

Amaç: ISO 9001 Kalite Yönetim Sistemi (KYS) Standardı dünya genelinde en çok uygulanan standart olmakla birlikte sistemin etkin kullanımına ilişkin soru işaretleri varlığını korumaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, KOBİ’lerde ISO 9001 KYS uygulamalarında karşılaşılan sorunların tespit edilmesi ve etkin bir sistem yönetimi için gerekliliklerin belirlenmesidir.

Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden Açıklayıcı Çoklu Durum Analizi kullanılarak sorunun “nasıl” ve “neden”leri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. 

Bulgular: Gözlem, belge inceleme, görüşme ve raporlama aşamalarından oluşan uygulama süreci sonunda elde edilen bulgular, KOBİ’lerin en fazla risk yönetimi, insan kaynakları, eğitim, düzeltici faaliyet, uygun olmayan ürünün kontrolü ve iç denetim süreçlerinin uygulanmasında zorlandığını göstermiştir. ISO 9001 KYS’de karşılaşılan sorunların temel nedenleri ise yönetimin gerekli desteği sunmaması, çalışanların sisteme gösterdikleri direnç ve iş yoğunluğu nedeniyle kalite sistemine vakit ayrılamaması olarak belirlenmiştir.

Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan temel farkı, öncelikle nitel araştırma yöntemi ile algılardan öte durum ve düşüncelerin analiz edilmesidir. Ayrıca çalışmada KOBİ’lerin KYS uygulamalarında karşılaştıkları sorunlar, farklı tarafların (İşletme Kalite Temsilcileri, ISO 9001 KYS Belgelendirme Denetçisi) bakış açısıyla tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde birden çok bakış açısının değerlendirildiği bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • • Anderson, Shannon W.; Daly, J. Daniel; Johnson, F. Marilyn (1999), “Why Firms Seek ISO 9000 Certification: Regulatory Compliance or Competitive Advantage?”, Production and Operations Management, Vol.8 No.1: 28-43.
  • • Anttila, Juhani; Jussila, Kari (2017), ISO 9001: 2015–A Questionable Reform. What Should the Implementing Organisations Understand and Do?”, Total Quality Management & Bu-siness Excellence, Vol.28 No.9-10: 1090-1105.
  • • Blind, Knut; Mangelsdorf, Axel; Pohlisch, Jakob (2018), “The Effects of Cooperation in Acc-reditation on International Trade: Empirical Evidence on ISO 9000 Certificati-ons”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.198: 50-59.
  • • Cai, Shaohan; Jun, Minjoon (2018), “A Qualitative Study of the Internalization of ISO 9000 Standards: The Linkages Among Firms' Motivations, Internalization Processes, and Per-formance”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.196: 248-260.
  • • Carlsson, Matts; Carlsson, Dan (1996), Experiences of Implementing ISO 9000 in Swedish Industry”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol.13 No.7: 36-47.
  • • del Castillo-Peces, Carlos; Mercado-Idoeta, Carmelo; Prado-Roman, Miguel; del Castillo-Feito, Cristina (2018), “The Influence of Motivations and Other Factors on the Results of Implementing ISO 9001 Standards”, European Research on Management and Business Economics, Vol.24 No.1: 33-41.
  • • Douglas, Alex; Kirk, David; Brennan, Carol; Ingram, Arthur (1999), “Maximizing the Benefits of ISO 9000 Implementation”, Total Quality Management, Vol.10 No.4-5: 507-513. • Erginel, Nihal (2010), “TKY Prensipleri Türkiye’de Büyük Ölçekli Firmalar ve KOBİ’ler Tara-fından Benzer Şekilde mi Uygulanmaktadır?”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi A-Uygulamalı Bilimler ve Mühendislik, Vol.11 No:2: 125-140.
  • • Gotzamani, Katerina D. (2005), “The Implications of the New ISO 9000: 2000 Standards for Certified Organizations: A Review of Anticipated Benefits and Implementation Pit-falls”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol.54 No.8: 645-657.
  • • İlkay, Mehmet S.; Aslan, Emre (2006), “IS0 9001: 2000 Kalite Yönetim Sisteminin Kayseri Bölgesindeki KOBİ’lerin Performanslarına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Hacettepe Üni-versitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.24 No.2:, 67-83.
  • • Ingason, Helgi Thor (2015). “Best Project Management Practices in the Implementation of an ISO 9001 Quality Management System”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Scien-ces, Vol.194: 192-200.
  • • Ismyrlis, Vasileios; Moschidis, Odysseas (2015), “The Effects of ISO 9001 Certification on the Performance of Greek Companies: A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis”, The TQM Journal, vol.27 No.1: 150-162.
  • • Kalkan, Adnan; BOZKURT, Çetinkaya Özlem (2012), “Üretim Sektöründe Faaliyet Gösteren Kobilerde ISO 9000'nin Etkili Uygulaması İçin Kritik Başarı Faktörleri”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversi-tesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol.14 No.3: 105-125.
  • • Ochieng, Jackie; Muturi, David; Njihia, Samuel (2015), “Impact of ISO 9001 Implementation on Organizational Performance in Kenya”, Nairobi: KIM. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1461.3921
  • • Prajogo, Daniel I. (2011) “The Roles of Firms’ Motives in Affecting the Outcomes of ISO 9000 Adoption.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol.31 No.1: 78–100.
  • • Priede, Janis (2012), “Implementation of Quality Management System ISO 9001 in the World and Its Strategic Necessity”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.58: 1466-1475.
  • • Psomas, Evangelos L.; Fotopoulos, Christos V.; Kafetzopoulos, Dimitrios P. (2011), “Core Process Management Practices, Quality Tools and Quality Improvement in ISO 9001 Certi-fied Manufacturing Companies”, Business Process Management Journal, Vol.17 No.3: 437-460.
  • • Psomas, Evangelos L.; Antony, Jİju (2015), “The Effectiveness of the ISO 9001 Quality Ma-nagement System and Its Influential Critical Factors in Greek Manufacturing Compa-nies”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol.53 No.7: 2089-2099.
  • • Sampaio, Paulo; Saraiva, Pedro; Rodrigues, Antonio Guimaraes (2009), “ISO 9001 Certifica-tion Research: Questions, Answers and Approaches”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol.26 No.1: 38-58.
  • • Su, Hung-Chung; Dhanorkar, Suvrat; Linderman, Kevin (2015), “A Competitive Advantage From the Implementation Timing of ISO Management Standards”, Journal of Operations Management, Vol.37: 31-44.
  • • Sumaedi, Sik; Yarmen, Medi (2015), “The Effectiveness of ISO 9001 Implementation in Food Manufacturing Companies: a Proposed Measurement Instrument”, Procedia Food Science, Vol.3: 436-444.
  • • Taner, Bahar; Özkan, Ceren (2013), “Kalite Yönetim Sistemi ve Yaşanan Değişime İlişkin Tutumlar: Mersin Üniversitesi Örneği”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Der-gisi, Vol.22 No.1: 213-228.
  • • Terziovski, Mile; Power, Damien (2007), “Increasing ISO 9000 Certification Benefits: A Continuous Improvement Approach”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Mana-gement, Vol.24 No.2: 141-163.
  • • TSE, TS EN ISO 9001: 2015 Kalite Yönetim Sistemleri – Şartlar, 23.10.2015 (Tercüme Tarihi: 06.01.2016), Ankara.
  • • Willar, Debby; Coffey, Vaughan; Trigunarsyah, Bambang (2015), “Examining the Imple-mentation of ISO 9001 in Indonesian Construction Companies”, The TQM Journal, Vol.27 No.1: 94-107.
  • • Williams, Joseph A. (2004), “The Impact of Motivating Factors on Implementation of ISO 9001: 2000 Registration Process”, Management Research News, Vol.27 No.1/2: 74-84.
  • • Yeloğlu, H. Okan; Yumak, H. Cansu (2016), “ISO 9001: 2008 Kalite Yönetim Sistemi’nin Uygulanabilirliği Sorunu: Gönüllülük Mü? Zorunluluk Mu?”, Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergi-si, Vol.2 No.1: 65-88.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Güzide Karakuş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakuş, G. (2021). KOBİ’LERDE ISO 9001 KALİTE YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLARIN TESPİTİNE YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Verimlilik Dergisi(4), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.671694

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