Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Hava Taşımacılığı Sektörünün Çevresel Faktörler Açısından Etkinliği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 1, 253 - 268, 22.01.2025

Tuğba Akbıyık , Tunahan Avcı

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1536509

Öz

Amaç: Havacılık sektörünün çıktıları ve bu çıktılarla ilişkili çevresel kaynaklar arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz ederek ulusların etkinliğini değerlendirmek, politika yapıcıların çevresel düzenlemeler geliştirmesi ve yöneticilerin uygun eylemlerde bulunması için gereklidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği (AB) üye ülkelerindeki havayolu endüstrisinin çevresel etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.
Metodoloji: Veri Zarflama Analizi kullanılarak 26 AB ülkesinden elde edilen verilerin etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın bulguları Avusturya, Lüksemburg, Macaristan ve İrlanda'nın en düşük etkinlik seviyelerine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Hava kirliliği ve sera gazı emisyonları bu ülkelerin verimliliğini büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir. Özellikle Fransa ve İtalya ile kıyaslandığında Almanya'nın en az verimli ülke olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, AB'nin çevresel etki mevzuatını uygulamasına rağmen, gelişmiş üye ülkelerin bu mevzuata başarılı bir şekilde uymadığını göstermektedir.
Özgünlük: Daha önceki araştırmalarda ülkelerin etkinliği hem yolcu ve uçuş hacmi hem de hava kirliliği, sera gazı emisyonları, kerosen ve jet yakıtı kullanımı, enerji ürünleri ve genel çevresel vergilendirme gibi çevresel hususlar açısından incelenmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hava Taşımacılığı, Çevresel Etki, Veri Zarflama Analizi, Avrupa Birliği, Etkinlik

Efficiency of Air Transport Industry in European Union Nations with Regard to Environmental Factors

Öz

Purpose: Evaluating the effectiveness of nations by analyzing the relationship between the outcomes of the aviation sector and the environmental resources associated with these outcomes is essential for policymakers to develop environmental regulations and for managers to take suitable actions. This study aims to evaluate the environmental effectiveness of the airline industry in European Union (EU) member states.
Methodology: We assessed the efficiency of data from 26 EU countries using Data Envelopment Analysis.
Findings: The study's findings determined that Austria, Luxembourg, Hungary, and Ireland had the lowest efficiency levels. Air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions primarily influence the efficiency of these countries. We identify Germany as the least efficient country, specifically when compared to France and Italy. These findings indicate that, despite the EU's implementation of environmental impact legislation, developed member states have not successfully enforced it.
Originality: Previous research has not examined the effectiveness of countries in terms of both passenger and flight volumes, as well as environmental considerations such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, kerosene and jet fuel use, energy products, and overall environmental taxation

Anahtar Kelimeler

Air Transport, Environmental Impact, Data Envelopment Analysis, European Union, Efficiency

Kaynakça

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