Adoption of Industry 4.0 in Developing Countries: Scale Development and Empirical Validation

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 3, 683 - 700, 21.07.2025

Sayıl Saçak Düzgün , Üstün Özen , Derya Fındık

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1647544

Öz

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring the factors influencing the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in developing countries. By identifying these factors, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how developing economies can more effectively manage their transition processes towards Industry 4.0.
Methodology: A systematic scale development process was followed in the study. In the initial phase, scale items were generated based on a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions. Subsequently, preliminary tests and pilot applications were conducted to assess the face validity of the scale. In the final phase, survey data collected from a large sample were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the construct validity properties of the scale.
Findings: The analysis revealed that the factors influencing the adoption of Industry 4.0 could be categorized into eight distinct dimensions. The developed scale demonstrated high validity and reliability, and its factor structure was confirmed to be robust.
Originality: This study represents one of the first systematically developed scales to measure the factors influencing Industry 4.0 adoption in developing countries. Given that the literature on scale development is largely confined to developed nations or specific sectors, this research fills a significant gap within the context of developing countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industry 4.0 , Developing Countries , Scale Development , Digital Transformation , Factor Analysis

Etik Beyan

It was declared by the authors that scientific and ethical principles have been followed in this study and all the sources used have been properly cited.

Destekleyen Kurum

Atatürk Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

SDK-2023-11763

Endüstri 4.0’ın Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Benimsenmesi: Ölçek Geliştirme ve Ampirik Doğrulama

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörleri ölçmek üzere geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Söz konusu faktörlerin tespit edilmesiyle, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin Endüstri 4.0'a yönelik geçiş süreçlerini daha etkin bir şekilde nasıl yönetebileceklerine dair kapsamlı bir anlayış sunulması hedeflenmektedir.
Yöntem: Çalışmada sistematik bir ölçek geliştirme süreci izlenmiştir. İlk aşamada, kapsamlı bir literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda ölçek maddeleri oluşturulmuştur. Ardından, ön test ve pilot uygulamalar gerçekleştirilerek ölçeğin görünüş geçerliliği değerlendirilmiştir. Son aşamada, geniş bir katılımcı kitlesine uygulanan anket verileri açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile incelenerek ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği özellikleri test edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda, Endüstri 4.0’ın benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörlerin sekiz farklı boyuta ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik değerleri yüksek bulunmuş ve faktör yapısının güçlü olduğu doğrulanmıştır.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde Endüstri 4.0'ın benimsenmesini etkileyen faktörleri ölçen ilk sistematik ölçeklerden biridir. Gelişmiş ülkeler veya belirli sektörlerle sınırlı alan yazın göz önüne alındığında, bu araştırma gelişmekte olan ülkeler bağlamında önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstri 4.0 , Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler , Ölçek Geliştirme , Dijital Dönüşüm , Faktör Analizi

Proje Numarası

SDK-2023-11763

Kaynakça

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