BARF BESLEME: KÖPEK VE KEDİLERDE PARAZİT HASTALIKLARI BAKIMINDAN TAŞIDIĞI RİSKLER

Öz

Çiftlik ya da yabani hayvanların pişmemiş dokularını içeren rasyonlar köpek ve kedilere verilmek üzere evde ya da ticari olarak hazırlanmaktadır. Bu besleme şekli “Biologically Appropriate Raw Food” ya da “Bones And Raw Food” (BARF) olarak adlandırılır. Bu derleme ile popular hale gelen BARF beslemenin köpek ve kedilerde parazit hastalıkları bakımından oluşturduğu riskler hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• BARF
• Köpek
• kedi
• parazit

BARF FEEDING: THE RISKS OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN DOGS and CATS

Öz

Raw diets containing uncooked tissues of farm or wild animals are prepared at home or commercially to be given to dogs and cats. This feeding style is called “Biologically Appropriate Raw Food” or “Bones And Raw Food” (BARF). With this review, it is aimed to give information about the risks of BARF feeding, which has become popular, in respect of parasitic diseases in dogs and cats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• BARF
• Dog
• Cat
• Parasite

Kaynakça

1. Akkoc, N., Kuruuzum, Z., Akar, S., Yuce, A., Onen, F., Yapar, N., Ozgenc, O., Turk, M., Ozdemir, D., Avci, M., Guruz, Y., Oral, A.M., & Pozio, E. (2009). A large-scale outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella britovi in Turkey. Zoonoses and public health, 56, 65-70.
2. Aldawek, A. M., Levkut, M., Revajová, V., Kolodzieyski, L., Seveiková, Z., & Dubinský P. (2002). Larval toxocarosis in sheep: the immunohistochemical characterization of lesions in some affected organs. Veterinary parasitology, 105, 207-214.
3. Axelsson, E., Ratnakumar, A., Arendt, M. L., Maqbool, K., Webster, M.T., Perloski, M., Liberg, O., Arnemo, J. M., Hedhammar, A., & Lindblad-Tohet., A. (2013). The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. Nature, 495, 7441, 360–364.
4. Baldwin, K., Bartges, J., Buffington, T., Freeman, L. M., Grabow, M., Legred, J., Ostwald, D. (2010). AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats. Journal of the american animal hospital association, 46, 285–296.
5. Beser, J., Toresson, L., Eitrem, R., Troell, K., Winiecka-Krusnell, J., & Lebbad, M. (2015). Possible zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium felis in a household. Infection ecology & epidemiology, 5, 10.3402/iee.v5.28463.
6. Billinghurst I. (1993). Give Your Dog a Bone: The Practical Commonsense Way to Feed Dogs for a Long Healthy Life. Warrigal Publishing Australia.
7. Bowman, D. (2020). Toxocara and Toxocariasis. 1st Edition, Academic Press.
8. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). Per food safety https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/resources/pet-food-tips.pdf (erişim: 20.04.2021).

9. Cornelissen, S., De Roover, K., Paepe, D., Hesta, M., Van der Meulen, M. & Daminet S. (2014). Dietary hyperthyroidism in a Rottweiler. Vlaams diergeneeskundig tijdschrift, 83, 306-311.
10. Cui, J., & Wang, Z. Q. (2001). Outbreaks of human trichinellosis caused by consumption of dog meat in China. Parasite, 8, S74-47.
11. Davies, R.H., Lawes, J.R., & Wales, A.D. (2019). Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. Journal of small animal practice, 60, 329-339.
12. de Fornel-Thibaud, P., Blanchard, G., Escoffier-Chateau, L., Segond, S., Guetta, F., Begon, D., Delisle, F., & Rosenberg, D. (2007). Unusual case of osteopenia associated with nutritional calcium and vitamin D deficiency in an adult dog. Journal of the American animal hospital association, 43, 52–60.
13. Dijcker, J. C., Hagen-Plantinga, E. A., Everts, H., Bosch, G., Kema, I. P., & Hendriks W. H. (2012). Dietary and animal-related factors associated with the rate of urinary oxalate and calcium excretion in dogs and cats. Veterinary record, 171, 46.
14. Dobenecker, B., Kienzle, E., Köstlin, R., & Matis, U. (1998). Mal and overnutrition in puppies with or without clinical disorders of skeletal development. Journal of animal physiology animal nutrition, 80, 76–81.
15. Doğanay, A. (2018). Helmintoloji. Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara.
16. Döring, S., Arzi, B., Winer, J.N., Kass, P.H., & Verstraete, F.J.M. (2018). Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the grey wolf (Canis lupus). Journal of comperative pathology, 160, 56-70. 
17. Dubey J. P. Calero-Bernal, R., Rosenthal, B. M., Speer, C. A., & Fayer R. (2016). Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans. Second Edition, CRC Press Taylor&Francis Boca Raton London New York.
18. Eckert, J., Freidhoff, K. T., Zahner, H., & Deplazes, P. (2008). Lehrbuch der Parasitology für die Tiermedizin. 2., vollstanding überarbeitete Auflage, Enke Verlag, Stuttgard.
19. Egelberg, J. (1964). Local effect of diet on plaque formation and development of gingivitis in dogs. I. Effect of hard and soft diets. Odontologist revy, 16, 31–41.
20. El-On, J., Shelef, I., Cagnano, E., & Benifla, M. (2008). Taenia multiceps: a rare human cestode infection in Israel. Veterinaria Italiana, 44, 621-631.
21. EEuropean Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESSCAP). Raw meat based dieds. https://www.esccap.org/uploads/docs/u02hnd4t_1011_ESCCAP_Raw_Meat_Fact_Sheet__English_v4.pdf (erişim 20.04.2021).
22. Freeman, L. M., Chandler, M. L., Hamper, B.A., & Weeth, L. P. (2013). Current knowledge about the risks and benefits of raw meat-based diets for dogs and cats. Journal of the American veterinary medical association, 243, 1549-1558.
23. Gerstenfeld, S. (1999). ASPCA The Complete Guide the Dogs. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Chronicle Books.
24. Gomez-Morales, M. A., Selmi, M., Ludovisi, A., Amati, M., Fiorentino, E., Breviglieri, L., Poglayen, G., & Pozio, E. (2016). Hunting dogs as sentinel animals for monitoring infections with Trichinella spp. in wildlife. Parasit & vectors, 9, 154.
25. Ing, M. B.,  Schantz, P. M. & Turner, J. A. (1998). Human coenurosis in North America: case reports and review Clinical infectious diseases, 27, 519-523.
26. Kawaguchi, K., Braga, I., Takahashi, A., Ochiai, K., & Itakura, C. (1993). Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism occurring in a strain of German shepherd puppies. Japan journal of veterinary research, 41, 89–96.
27. Koutsoumanis, K., Allende, A., Alvarez-Ordóñez, A., Bolton, D., Bover-Cid, S., Chemaly, M., Davies, R., De Cesare, A., Herman, L., Hilbert, F., Lindqvist, R., Nauta, M., Peixe, L., Ru, G., Simmons, M., Skandamis, P., Suffredini, E., Cacciò, S., Chalmers, R., Deplazes, P., Devleesschauwer, B., Innes, E., Romig, T., van der Giessen, J., Hempen, M., Van der Stede, Y., & Robertson L. (2018). Public health risks associated with food-borne parasites. EFSA journal, 6, e05495.
28. Kölle, P., & Schmidt M. (2015). BARF (Biologisch Artgerechte Rohfütterung) als Ernährungsform bei Hunden. Tierärztliche praxis kleintiere, 6, 409-419.
29. Laflamme, D.P. (2008). Pet food safety: dietary protein. Topics in companion animal medicine, 23, 154-157. 
30. LeJeune, J.T., & Hancock, D.D. (2001). Public health concerns associated with feeding raw meat diets to dogs. Journal of the American veterinary medical association, 19, 1222-1225.
31. Lonsdale, T. (1994). Cybernetic hypothesis of periodontal disease in mammalian carnivores. Journal of veterinary dentistry, 11, 5–8.
32. Lopes, A. P., Cardoso, L., & Rodrigues, M. (2008). Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal. Veterinary parasitology, 155, 184-189.
33. Mokhtaria, K., Selles, S., & Ammar, M. (2019). Frozen hydatid cysts can replace incineration and sterilize cysts. Open veterinary journal, 9, 1-4.
34. Nemeth, T., Solymosi, N., & Balka, G. J. (2008). Long-term results of subtotal colectomy for acquired hypertrophic megacolon in eight dogs. Small animal practice, 49, 618-624. 
35. Pienazek, N. J., Bornay-Llinares, F. J., Slemenda, S. B., da Silva, A. J., Moura, I. N., Arrowood, M. J., Ditrich, O., & Addiss, D. G. (1999). New Cryptosporidium genotypes in HIV-infected persons. Emerging infectious diseases, 5, 444-449.
36. Saari, S., Airas, N., Näreaho, A., Vihma, V., Autio, K., Sankari, S., & Sukura, A. (2008). A nonhealing ulcerative skin lesion associated with Trichinella nativa infection in a cat. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 20, 839-843.
37. Silva, R. C., & Machado, G. P. (2016). Canine neosporosis: perspectives on pathogenesis and management. Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 7, 59-70.
38. Sleeper, M., Bissett, S., & Craig, L. (2006). Canine trichinosis presenting with syncope and AV conduction disturbance. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 20, 1228-1231.
39. Steenkamp, G., & Gorrel, C. (1999). Oral and dental conditions in adult African wild dog skulls: a preliminary report. Journal of veterinary dentistry, 16, 65.
40. Strohmeyer, R. A., Morley, P. S., Hyatt, D. R., Dargatz, D. A., Scorza, A. V., & Lappin, M. R. (2006). Evaluation of bacterial and protozoal contamination of commercially available raw meat diets for dogs. Journal of the American veterinary medical association, 228, 537-542.
41. Taira, K., Saitoh, Y., & Kapel, C. M. (2011). Toxocara cati larvae persist and retain high infectivity in muscles of experimentally infected chickens. Veterinary parasitology, 180, 287-291.
42. Tappe, D., Berkholz, J., Mahlke, U., Lobeck, H., Nagel, T., Haeupler, A., Muntau, B., Racz, P., & Poppert, S. (2016). Molecular identification of zoonotic tissue-invasive tapeworm larvae other than Taenia solium in suspected human cysticercosis cases. Journal of clinical microbiology, 54, 172-174.
43. van Bree, F. P. J,  Bokken, G. C. A. M., Mineur, R.,  Franssen, F., Opsteegh, M., van der Giessen, J. W. B.,  Lipman, L. J. A., &  Overgaauw, P. A. M. (2018). Zoonotic bacteria and parasites found in raw meat-based diets for cats and dogs. Veterinary record, 182, 50.
44. Villagra-Blanco, R., Angelova, L., Conze, T., Schares, G., Bärwald, A., Taubert, A., Hermosilla, C., & Wehrend, A. (2018). Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in German breeding bitches. Parasites & vectors, 11, 96.
45. WSAVA Global Nutrition Committee: Raw Meat Based Diets For Pets. https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Raw-Meat-Based-Diets-for-Pets_WSAVA-Global-Nutrition-Toolkit.pdf (erişim: 15.04.2021).
46. Wikipedia. Wolf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf (erişim: 30.06.2021).
47. Wolf Biology https://wolves.live/wolf-biology/(erişim: 30.06.2021).
48. Yıldız, K. (2019).Veteriner Protozooloji. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, ders notu.
49. Xiao, L., Bern, C., Limor, J., Sulaiman, I., Roberts, J., Checkley, W., Cabrera, L., Gilman, R. H., & Lal, A. A. (2001). Identification of 5 types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima, Peru. Journal of infectious diseases, 183, 492-497.
50. Xiao, L., Cama, V. A., Cabrera, L., Ortega, Y., Pearson, J., & Gilman, R. H. (2007). Possible transmission of Cryptosporidium canis among children and a dog in a household. Journal of clinical microbiology, 45, 2014-2016.
51. Zeugswetter, F. K., Vogelsinger K., & Handl, S. (2013). Hyperthyroidism in dogs caused by consumption of thyroid-containing head meat. Schweizer archiv für tierheilkunde, 155, 149 – 152.