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COVID-19 AND ANIMALS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 49 - 60, 28.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.38137/vetfarmatoksbulten.768811

Öz

Coronaviruses cause many infections in humans and animals. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which began in the People's Republic of China on December 31, 2019, has emerged as the most remarkable member of this family. It is reported that the virus can infect humans and animals. It is aimed to show the role of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals and to summarize the important studies of this virus in animals in the review. Cats, ferrets, mink, macaque infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop disease with symptoms similar to COVID-19 and play an important role in spreading the virus to the environment. They have also been used experimentally in the treatment, immunology, protection and control studies of COVID-19 disease because animals are mimics disease model. In future data derived from these animals will play a crucial role in resolving the problems caused by COVID-19.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Moneim, AS., ve Abdelwhab, EM. (2020). Evidence for sars-cov-2 infection of animal hosts. Pathogens, 9(7).
  • Andersen, KG., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, WI., Holmes, EC., ve Garry, RF. (2020). The proximal origin of sars-cov-2. Nat Med, 26(4), 450-452.
  • Azkur, AK., Akdis, M., Azkur, D., Sokolowska, M., Van De Veen, W., Bruggen, MC., O'mahony, L., Gao, Y., Nadeau, K., ve Akdis, CA. (2020). Immune response to sars-cov-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in covid-19. Allergy, 75(7), 1564-1581.
  • Azkur, AK, Aksoy. E. (2020a). Yeni bir koronavirüs:2019-ncov. Anadolu İzlenimleri(130), 12-15.
  • Azkur, AK, Azkur. D., Aksoy E. (2020b). Yeni bir pandemi; sars-cov-2 virüsünün neden olduğu covid-19 hastalığı. Anadolu İzlenimleri(131), 8-13.
  • Becker, MM., Graham, RL., Donaldson, EF., Rockx, B., Sims, AC., Sheahan, T., Pickles, RJ., Corti, D., Johnston, RE., Baric, RS., ve Denison, MR. (2008). Synthetic recombinant bat sars-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105(50), 19944-19949.
  • Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, BE., Liu, WC., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Moller, R., Jordan, TX., Oishi, K., Panis, M., Sachs, D., Wang, TT., Schwartz, RE., Lim, JK., Albrecht, RA., ve Tenoever, BR. (2020). Imbalanced host response to sars-cov-2 drives development of covid-19. Cell, 181(5), 1036-1045 e1039.
  • Bonini, S., ve Maltese, G. (2020). Covid-19 clinical trials: Quality matters more than quantity. Allergy.
  • Chan, JF., Yuan, S., Zhang, AJ., Poon, VK., Chan, CC., Lee, AC., Fan, Z., Li, C., Liang, R., Cao, J., Tang, K., Luo, C., Cheng, VC., Cai, JP., Chu, H., Chan, KH., To, KK., Sridhar, S., ve Yuen, KY. (2020a). Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden syrian hamster model for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Clin Infect Dis.
  • Chan, JF., Zhang, AJ., Yuan, S., Poon, VK., Chan, CC., ve ark (2020b). Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in golden syrian hamster model: Implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility. Clin Infect Dis.
  • Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, AJ., Mcmahan, K., Mercado, NB., ve ark (2020). Sars-cov-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques. Science.
  • Chatfield, K, Morton, D. (2017). Ethics dumping-the use of non-human primates in research: Springer International Publishing.
  • Cheng, VC., Lau, SK., Woo, PC., ve Yuen, KY. (2007). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection. Clin Microbiol Rev, 20(4), 660-694.
  • Chu, YK., Ali, GD., Jia, F., Li, Q., Kelvin, D., Couch, RC., Harrod, KS., Hutt, JA., Cameron, C., Weiss, SR., ve Jonsson, CB. (2008). The sars-cov ferret model in an infection-challenge study. Virology, 374(1), 151-163.
  • Cleary, SJ., Pitchford, SC., Amison, RT., Carrington, R., Robaina Cabrera, CL., Magnen, M., Looney, MR., Gray, E., ve Page, CP. (2020). Animal models of mechanisms of sars-cov-2 infection and covid-19 pathology. Br J Pharmacol.
  • Darnell, ME., Plant, EP., Watanabe, H., Byrum, R., St Claire, M., Ward, JM., ve Taylor, DR. (2007). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in vaccinated ferrets. J Infect Dis, 196(9), 1329-1338.
  • Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Lv, Q., Qi, F., Gao, H., Yu, P., Xu, Y., Qu, Y., Li, F., Xiang, Z., Yu, H., Gong, S., Liu, M., Wang, G., Wang, S., Song, Z., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Han, Y., Zhao, L., Liu, X., Wei, Q., ve Qin, C. (2020). Primary exposure to sars-cov-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques. Science.
  • Dong, BQ., Liu, W., Fan, XH., Vijaykrishna, D., Tang, XC., Gao, F., Li, LF., Li, GJ., Zhang, JX., Yang, LQ., Poon, LL., Zhang, SY., Peiris, JS., Smith, GJ., Chen, H., ve Guan, Y. (2007). Detection of a novel and highly divergent coronavirus from asian leopard cats and chinese ferret badgers in southern china. J Virol, 81(13), 6920-6926.
  • Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, N., Lv, Z., Gao, H., Ge, X., Kan, B., Hu, Y., Liu, J., Cai, F., Jiang, D., Yin, Y., Qin, C., Li, J., Gong, X., Lou, X., Shi, W., Wu, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, L., Deng, W., Li, Y., Lu, J., Li, C., Wang, X., Yin, W., Zhang, Y., ve Qin, C. (2020). Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for sars-cov-2. Science, 369(6499), 77-81.
  • Gillim-Ross, L., Taylor, J., Scholl, DR., Ridenour, J., Masters, PS., ve Wentworth, DE. (2004). Discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. J Clin Microbiol, 42(7), 3196-3206.
  • Gregory, AC., Zayed, AA., Conceicao-Neto, N., Temperton, ve ark. (2019). Marine DNA viral macro- and microdiversity from pole to pole. Cell, 177(5), 1109-1123 e1114.
  • Hachim, MY., Al Heialy, S., Hachim, IY., Halwani, R., Senok, AC., Maghazachi, AA., ve Hamid, Q. (2020). Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (ifitm3) is upregulated explicitly in sars-cov-2 infected lung epithelial cells. Front Immunol, 11, 1372.
  • Halfmann, PJ., Hatta, M., Chiba, S., Maemura, T., Fan, S., Takeda, M., Kinoshita, N., Hattori, SI., Sakai-Tagawa, Y., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Imai, M., ve Kawaoka, Y. (2020). Transmission of sars-cov-2 in domestic cats. N Engl J Med.
  • Hernandez, M., Abad, D., Eiros, JM., ve Rodriguez-Lazaro, D. (2020). Are animals a neglected transmission route of sars-cov-2? Pathogens, 9(6).
  • Hossain, MG., Javed, A., Akter, S., ve Saha, S. (2020). Sars-cov-2 host diversity: An update of natural infections and experimental evidence. J Microbiol Immunol Infect.
  • Johnson, CK., Hitchens, PL., Pandit, PS., Rushmore, J., Evans, TS., Young, CCW., ve Doyle, MM. (2020). Global shifts in mammalian population trends reveal key predictors of virus spillover risk. Proc Biol Sci, 287(1924), 20192736.
  • Kim, YI., Kim, SG., Kim, SM., Kim, EH., Park, SJ., Yu, KM.,ve ark (2020). Infection and rapid transmission of sars-cov-2 in ferrets. Cell Host Microbe, 27(5), 704-709 e702.
  • Kobinger, GP., Figueredo, JM., Rowe, T., Zhi, Y., Gao, G., Sanmiguel, JC., Bell, P., Wivel, NA., Zitzow, LA., Flieder, DB., Hogan, RJ., ve Wilson, JM. (2007). Adenovirus-based vaccine prevents pneumonia in ferrets challenged with the sars coronavirus and stimulates robust immune responses in macaques. Vaccine, 25(28), 5220-5231.
  • Le Bras, A. (2020). Sars-cov-2 causes covid-19-like disease in cynomolgus macaques. Lab Anim (NY), 49(6), 174.
  • Leroy, EM., Ar Gouilh, M., ve Brugere-Picoux, J. (2020). The risk of sars-cov-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the covid-19 pandemic. One Health, 100133.
  • Luan, J., Lu, Y., Jin, X., ve Zhang, L. (2020). Spike protein recognition of mammalian ace2 predicts the host range and an optimized ace2 for sars-cov-2 infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 526(1), 165-169.
  • Maron, DF. (2020.) Coronavirus is killing the dutch mink industry. nationalgeographic, Erişim adresi: [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/06/covid19-forces-mink-farm-end-netherlands/], Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2020
  • Menachery, VD., Graham, RL., ve Baric, RS. (2017). Jumping species-a mechanism for coronavirus persistence and survival. Curr Opin Virol, 23, 1-7.
  • Menachery, VD., Yount, BL, Jr.., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, LE., Plante, JA., Graham, RL., Scobey, T., Ge, XY., Donaldson, EF., Randell, SH., Lanzavecchia, A., Marasco, WA., Shi, ZL., ve Baric, RS. (2015). A sars-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat Med, 21(12), 1508-1513.
  • Menachery, VD., Yount, BL, Jr.., Sims, AC., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, SS., ve ark (2016). Sars-like wiv1-cov poised for human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113(11), 3048-3053.
  • Mossel, EC., Huang, C., Narayanan, K., Makino, S., Tesh, RB., ve Peters, CJ. (2005). Exogenous ace2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication. J Virol, 79(6), 3846-3850.
  • Newman, A., Smith, D., Ghai, RR., Wallace, RM., Torchetti, MK., Loiacono, C., ve ark (2020). First reported cases of sars-cov-2 infection in companion animals - new york, march-april 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(23), 710-713.
  • Oreshkova, N., Molenaar, RJ., Vreman, S., Harders, F., Oude Munnink, BB., Hakze-Van Der Honing, RW., ve ark. (2020). Sars-cov-2 infection in farmed minks, the netherlands, april and may 2020. Euro Surveill, 25(23).
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COVID-19 VE HAYVANLAR

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 49 - 60, 28.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.38137/vetfarmatoksbulten.768811

Öz

Koronavirüsler insanlarda ve hayvanlarda birçok enfeksiyona yol açmaktadır. Koronavirüsler içerisinde 31 Aralık 2019 tarihinde Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde başlayan salgının nedeni olan SARS-CoV-2 bu ailenin en dikkat çeken üyesi olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Virüsün insanları ve hayvanları enfekte ettiği rapor edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonlarının hayvanlardaki rolü ve hayvanlarda bu virüsle yapılan önemli çalışmaların özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. SARS-CoV-2 enfekte kedi, gelincik, vizon ve makak gibi hayvanların COVID-19 benzeri semptomlar ile hastalık geliştirdikleri ve virüsün çevreye saçılmasında önemli rol oynadıkları görülmüştür. Enfekte hayvanlar, insandakine benzer hastalık tablosu geliştirmelerinden dolayı, deneysel olarak, COVID-19 hastalığının tedavisi, immünolojisi, koruma ve kontrol çalışmalarında da kullanılmışlardır. Gelecekte COVID-19 hastalığı ile ilgili hayvanlardan elde edilen veriler de hastalığın yol açtığı sorunların çözülmesinde önemli rol oynayacaktır

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Moneim, AS., ve Abdelwhab, EM. (2020). Evidence for sars-cov-2 infection of animal hosts. Pathogens, 9(7).
  • Andersen, KG., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, WI., Holmes, EC., ve Garry, RF. (2020). The proximal origin of sars-cov-2. Nat Med, 26(4), 450-452.
  • Azkur, AK., Akdis, M., Azkur, D., Sokolowska, M., Van De Veen, W., Bruggen, MC., O'mahony, L., Gao, Y., Nadeau, K., ve Akdis, CA. (2020). Immune response to sars-cov-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in covid-19. Allergy, 75(7), 1564-1581.
  • Azkur, AK, Aksoy. E. (2020a). Yeni bir koronavirüs:2019-ncov. Anadolu İzlenimleri(130), 12-15.
  • Azkur, AK, Azkur. D., Aksoy E. (2020b). Yeni bir pandemi; sars-cov-2 virüsünün neden olduğu covid-19 hastalığı. Anadolu İzlenimleri(131), 8-13.
  • Becker, MM., Graham, RL., Donaldson, EF., Rockx, B., Sims, AC., Sheahan, T., Pickles, RJ., Corti, D., Johnston, RE., Baric, RS., ve Denison, MR. (2008). Synthetic recombinant bat sars-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105(50), 19944-19949.
  • Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, BE., Liu, WC., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Moller, R., Jordan, TX., Oishi, K., Panis, M., Sachs, D., Wang, TT., Schwartz, RE., Lim, JK., Albrecht, RA., ve Tenoever, BR. (2020). Imbalanced host response to sars-cov-2 drives development of covid-19. Cell, 181(5), 1036-1045 e1039.
  • Bonini, S., ve Maltese, G. (2020). Covid-19 clinical trials: Quality matters more than quantity. Allergy.
  • Chan, JF., Yuan, S., Zhang, AJ., Poon, VK., Chan, CC., Lee, AC., Fan, Z., Li, C., Liang, R., Cao, J., Tang, K., Luo, C., Cheng, VC., Cai, JP., Chu, H., Chan, KH., To, KK., Sridhar, S., ve Yuen, KY. (2020a). Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden syrian hamster model for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Clin Infect Dis.
  • Chan, JF., Zhang, AJ., Yuan, S., Poon, VK., Chan, CC., ve ark (2020b). Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in golden syrian hamster model: Implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility. Clin Infect Dis.
  • Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, AJ., Mcmahan, K., Mercado, NB., ve ark (2020). Sars-cov-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques. Science.
  • Chatfield, K, Morton, D. (2017). Ethics dumping-the use of non-human primates in research: Springer International Publishing.
  • Cheng, VC., Lau, SK., Woo, PC., ve Yuen, KY. (2007). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection. Clin Microbiol Rev, 20(4), 660-694.
  • Chu, YK., Ali, GD., Jia, F., Li, Q., Kelvin, D., Couch, RC., Harrod, KS., Hutt, JA., Cameron, C., Weiss, SR., ve Jonsson, CB. (2008). The sars-cov ferret model in an infection-challenge study. Virology, 374(1), 151-163.
  • Cleary, SJ., Pitchford, SC., Amison, RT., Carrington, R., Robaina Cabrera, CL., Magnen, M., Looney, MR., Gray, E., ve Page, CP. (2020). Animal models of mechanisms of sars-cov-2 infection and covid-19 pathology. Br J Pharmacol.
  • Darnell, ME., Plant, EP., Watanabe, H., Byrum, R., St Claire, M., Ward, JM., ve Taylor, DR. (2007). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in vaccinated ferrets. J Infect Dis, 196(9), 1329-1338.
  • Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Lv, Q., Qi, F., Gao, H., Yu, P., Xu, Y., Qu, Y., Li, F., Xiang, Z., Yu, H., Gong, S., Liu, M., Wang, G., Wang, S., Song, Z., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Han, Y., Zhao, L., Liu, X., Wei, Q., ve Qin, C. (2020). Primary exposure to sars-cov-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques. Science.
  • Dong, BQ., Liu, W., Fan, XH., Vijaykrishna, D., Tang, XC., Gao, F., Li, LF., Li, GJ., Zhang, JX., Yang, LQ., Poon, LL., Zhang, SY., Peiris, JS., Smith, GJ., Chen, H., ve Guan, Y. (2007). Detection of a novel and highly divergent coronavirus from asian leopard cats and chinese ferret badgers in southern china. J Virol, 81(13), 6920-6926.
  • Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, N., Lv, Z., Gao, H., Ge, X., Kan, B., Hu, Y., Liu, J., Cai, F., Jiang, D., Yin, Y., Qin, C., Li, J., Gong, X., Lou, X., Shi, W., Wu, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, L., Deng, W., Li, Y., Lu, J., Li, C., Wang, X., Yin, W., Zhang, Y., ve Qin, C. (2020). Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for sars-cov-2. Science, 369(6499), 77-81.
  • Gillim-Ross, L., Taylor, J., Scholl, DR., Ridenour, J., Masters, PS., ve Wentworth, DE. (2004). Discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-pcr. J Clin Microbiol, 42(7), 3196-3206.
  • Gregory, AC., Zayed, AA., Conceicao-Neto, N., Temperton, ve ark. (2019). Marine DNA viral macro- and microdiversity from pole to pole. Cell, 177(5), 1109-1123 e1114.
  • Hachim, MY., Al Heialy, S., Hachim, IY., Halwani, R., Senok, AC., Maghazachi, AA., ve Hamid, Q. (2020). Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (ifitm3) is upregulated explicitly in sars-cov-2 infected lung epithelial cells. Front Immunol, 11, 1372.
  • Halfmann, PJ., Hatta, M., Chiba, S., Maemura, T., Fan, S., Takeda, M., Kinoshita, N., Hattori, SI., Sakai-Tagawa, Y., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Imai, M., ve Kawaoka, Y. (2020). Transmission of sars-cov-2 in domestic cats. N Engl J Med.
  • Hernandez, M., Abad, D., Eiros, JM., ve Rodriguez-Lazaro, D. (2020). Are animals a neglected transmission route of sars-cov-2? Pathogens, 9(6).
  • Hossain, MG., Javed, A., Akter, S., ve Saha, S. (2020). Sars-cov-2 host diversity: An update of natural infections and experimental evidence. J Microbiol Immunol Infect.
  • Johnson, CK., Hitchens, PL., Pandit, PS., Rushmore, J., Evans, TS., Young, CCW., ve Doyle, MM. (2020). Global shifts in mammalian population trends reveal key predictors of virus spillover risk. Proc Biol Sci, 287(1924), 20192736.
  • Kim, YI., Kim, SG., Kim, SM., Kim, EH., Park, SJ., Yu, KM.,ve ark (2020). Infection and rapid transmission of sars-cov-2 in ferrets. Cell Host Microbe, 27(5), 704-709 e702.
  • Kobinger, GP., Figueredo, JM., Rowe, T., Zhi, Y., Gao, G., Sanmiguel, JC., Bell, P., Wivel, NA., Zitzow, LA., Flieder, DB., Hogan, RJ., ve Wilson, JM. (2007). Adenovirus-based vaccine prevents pneumonia in ferrets challenged with the sars coronavirus and stimulates robust immune responses in macaques. Vaccine, 25(28), 5220-5231.
  • Le Bras, A. (2020). Sars-cov-2 causes covid-19-like disease in cynomolgus macaques. Lab Anim (NY), 49(6), 174.
  • Leroy, EM., Ar Gouilh, M., ve Brugere-Picoux, J. (2020). The risk of sars-cov-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the covid-19 pandemic. One Health, 100133.
  • Luan, J., Lu, Y., Jin, X., ve Zhang, L. (2020). Spike protein recognition of mammalian ace2 predicts the host range and an optimized ace2 for sars-cov-2 infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 526(1), 165-169.
  • Maron, DF. (2020.) Coronavirus is killing the dutch mink industry. nationalgeographic, Erişim adresi: [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/06/covid19-forces-mink-farm-end-netherlands/], Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2020
  • Menachery, VD., Graham, RL., ve Baric, RS. (2017). Jumping species-a mechanism for coronavirus persistence and survival. Curr Opin Virol, 23, 1-7.
  • Menachery, VD., Yount, BL, Jr.., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, LE., Plante, JA., Graham, RL., Scobey, T., Ge, XY., Donaldson, EF., Randell, SH., Lanzavecchia, A., Marasco, WA., Shi, ZL., ve Baric, RS. (2015). A sars-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat Med, 21(12), 1508-1513.
  • Menachery, VD., Yount, BL, Jr.., Sims, AC., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, SS., ve ark (2016). Sars-like wiv1-cov poised for human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113(11), 3048-3053.
  • Mossel, EC., Huang, C., Narayanan, K., Makino, S., Tesh, RB., ve Peters, CJ. (2005). Exogenous ace2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication. J Virol, 79(6), 3846-3850.
  • Newman, A., Smith, D., Ghai, RR., Wallace, RM., Torchetti, MK., Loiacono, C., ve ark (2020). First reported cases of sars-cov-2 infection in companion animals - new york, march-april 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(23), 710-713.
  • Oreshkova, N., Molenaar, RJ., Vreman, S., Harders, F., Oude Munnink, BB., Hakze-Van Der Honing, RW., ve ark. (2020). Sars-cov-2 infection in farmed minks, the netherlands, april and may 2020. Euro Surveill, 25(23).
  • Park, SJ., Yu, KM., Kim, YI., Kim, SM., Kim, EH., ve ark. (2020). Antiviral efficacies of fda-approved drugs against sars-cov-2 infection in ferrets. mBio, 11(3).
  • Questions and answers on covid-19. (2020.) OIE, Erişim adresi: [ https://www.oie.int/scientific-expertise/specific-information-and-recommendations/questions-and-answers-on-2019novel-coronavirus/], Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2020
  • Riggioni, C., Comberiati, P., Giovannini, M., Agache, I., Akdis, M., ve ark. (2020). A compendium answering 150 questions on covid-19 and sars-cov-2. Allergy.
  • Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, MM., ve ark (2020). Comparative pathogenesis of covid-19, mers, and sars in a nonhuman primate model. Science, 368(6494), 1012-1015.
  • Rosenke, K., Jarvis, MA., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B., Okumura, A., Lovaglio, J., Saturday, G., ve ark (2020). Hydroxychloroquine proves ineffective in hamsters and macaques infected with sars-cov-2. bioRxiv.
  • Ruh, E. (2010). [recent developments in sars vaccine studies]. Mikrobiyol Bul, 44(3), 505-517.
  • See, RH., Petric, M., Lawrence, DJ., Mok, CPY., Rowe, T., Zitzow, LA., Karunakaran, KP., Voss, TG., Brunham, RC., Gauldie, J., Finlay, BB., ve Roper, RL. (2008). Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine efficacy in ferrets: Whole killed virus and adenovirus-vectored vaccines. J Gen Virol, 89(Pt 9), 2136-2146.
  • Shan, C., Yao, YF., Yang, XL., Zhou, YW., Gao, G., Peng, ve ark. (2020). Infection with novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) causes pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Cell Res.
  • Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., Liu, R., He, X., Shuai, L., Sun, Z., Zhao, Y., Liu, P., Liang, L., Cui, P., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Guan, Y., Tan, W., Wu, G., Chen, H., ve Bu, Z. (2020). Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to sars-coronavirus 2. Science, 368(6494), 1016-1020.
  • Sit, THC., Brackman, CJ., Ip, SM., Tam, KWS., Law, PYT., To, EMW., Yu, VYT., Sims, LD., Tsang, DNC., Chu, DKW., Perera, R., Poon, LLM., ve Peiris, M. (2020). Infection of dogs with sars-cov-2. Nature.
  • Van Doremalen, N., Lambe, T., Spencer, A., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Purushotham, JN.ve ark (2020). Chadox1 ncov-19 vaccination prevents sars-cov-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. bioRxiv.
  • Williamson, BN., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B., Meade-White, K., Porter, DP., Schulz, J., ve ark. (2020). Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with sars-cov-2. Nature.
  • Yu, J., Tostanoski, LH., Peter, L., Mercado, NB., Mcmahan, K., Mahrokhian, SH., Nkolola, JP., ve ark. (2020b). Age-related rhesus macaque models of covid-19. Animal Model Exp Med, 3(1), 93-97.
  • Zamoto, A., Taguchi, F., Fukushi, S., Morikawa, S., ve Yamada, YK. (2006). Identification of ferret ace2 and its receptor function for sars-coronavirus. Adv Exp Med Biol, 581, 519-522.
  • Zhai, X., Sun, J., Yan, Z., Zhang, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, Z., Gao, Q., He, WT., Veit, M., ve Su, S. (2020). Comparison of sars-cov-2 spike protein binding to ace2 receptors from human, pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts. J Virol.
  • Zhang, Q, Zhang, H., Huang, K., Yang, Y., Hui, X., Gao, J., He, X., Li, C., Gong, W., Zhang, Y.,Peng, C.,Gao X., Chen H., Zou, Z., Shi, Z., Jin, M. (2020). Sars-cov-2 neutralizing serum antibodies in cats: A serological investigation.
  • Zhang, T., Wu, Q., ve Zhang, Z. (2020). Probable pangolin origin of sars-cov-2 associated with the covid-19 outbreak. Curr Biol, 30(7), 1346-1351 e1342.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ahmet Kürşat Azkur 0000-0002-5597-8917

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Azkur, A. K. (2020). COVID-19 VE HAYVANLAR. Veteriner Farmakoloji Ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni, 11(2), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.38137/vetfarmatoksbulten.768811