NEW ODOR EXPERTS OF SCIENCE: BIODETECTOR RATS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 28 - 33, 05.05.2025

Büşra Nisa Yılmaz , Nilay Seyidoğlu , Cenk Aydin

https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.1634476

Öz

Biodetector animals have been serving humanity for many years. They have been used especially at borders and airports to detect weapons, bombs, narcotics and food since the 20th century. Studies have reported that biodetector animals are used as diagnostic tools in various fields of medicine, such as diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis in emergency services, and odor detection of various human tumors and metabolic diseases. It has been seen that dogs were generally preferred as biodetector animals until recently. In addition, studies have shown that rats are at least as successful biodetectors as dogs. Today, research is being conducted on modeling rats as biodetector animals in many areas such as disease diagnosis, search and rescue operations, and detection of prohibited substances, just like dogs. Behavior modeling studies include the training phase play a critical role in this process. It is important for rats to enter biodetector training processes as stress-free and anxiety-free as possible for the training process to progress quickly and correctly. The socialization phase is of great importance in order to minimize the stress levels of animals, and to ensure that they get used to the trainer and the environment. During this process, experimental animals are accustomed to the trainer, environmental conditions and reward stimuli. Rats are one of the model organisms widely used in the study of brain functions and cognitive processes, especially on learning, memory and training strategies. This review compiles the areas where rats are used as biodetectors, the studies conducted and innovations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodetector , biodedector rats , odor training , rat training , socialization

BİLİMİN YENİ KOKU UZMANLARI: BİYODEDEKTÖR SIÇANLAR

Öz

Biyodedektör hayvanlar çok uzun yıllardır amatör düzeyde insanlığa hizmet sunmakla birlikte 20. yüzyıldan bu yana özellikle sınır ve havalimanlarında silah, bomba, narkotik ve gıda tespiti yapmak üzere kullanılmaktadırlar. Yapılan çalışmalarda, biyodedektör hayvanların acil servislerde diyabetik ketoasidoz tanısında ve çeşitli insan tümörleri ile metabolik hastalıkların koku tespiti gibi tıbbın çeşitli alanlarında teşhis aracı olarak kullanıldıkları bildirilmiştir. Tüm bunların yanı sıra, yakın tarihe kadar biyodedektör hayvan olarak genellikle köpeklerin tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki, sıçanlar da en az köpekler kadar başarılı biyodedektörlerdir. Günümüzde köpekler gibi sıçanlarla da hastalıkların tanısı, arama-kurtarma çalışmaları, yasaklı maddelerin tespiti gibi birçok alanda biyodedektör hayvan olarak modellemeye yönelik araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu süreçte eğitim aşamasını içeren davranış modelleme çalışmaları kritik rol oynamaktadır. Biyodedektörlük eğitimi süreçlerine sıçanların olabildiğince stressiz ve anksiyetesiz girmeleri eğitim sürecinin hızlı ve doğru ilerlemesi için önemlidir. Hayvanların stres düzeylerini en aza indirmek, eğiticiye ve çevreye alışmalarını sağlamak amacıyla sosyalizasyon aşaması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu süreçte, deney hayvanları eğiticiye, ortam koşullarına ve ödül uyarıcılarına alıştırılmaktadır. Sıçanlar, beyin fonksiyonlarının ve kognitif süreçlerin incelenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan model organizmalardan biridir. Bu derleme ile sıçanların biyodedektör amacıyla kullanım alanları, yapılan çalışmalar ve yenilikler derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodedektör , biyodedektör sıçanlar , koku eğitimi , sıçan eğitimi , sosyalizasyon eğitimi.

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