Nükleik asit temelli moleküler yöntemler: Köpeklerde genetik markerlar

Öz

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de çok sayıda köpek genotipi bulunmaktadır. Bu köpek genotipleri çeşitli amaçlar (av, çoban, bekçi, arama-kurtarma köpeği vb) doğrultusunda yetiştirilmektedir. Geçmişte avcılıkla başlayan köpek ve insan birlikteliği günümüzde birçok alanda devam etmektedir ve ilk evciltilen tür olması muhtemeldir. Köpeklerin kökeni, evrimi ve birbirleri ile olan genetik uzaklıkların belirlenmesinde, köpeklerin bir veya birkaç yerde mi evcilleştirildiğini, evcilleştirildiği zamanı ve yerini tespit etmek, evcil köpekler arasındaki genetik varyasyonu belirlemek için çeşitli yöntemlerden (mitokondrial DNA (mtDNA), mikrosatelit, tek nükleotid polimorfizmi (SNP), kesilmiş parça uzunluk polimorfizmi (RFLP) gibi) yararlanılmaktadır. Bu analizlerin çoğu populasyon genetiği esasına dayanmaktadır. Diğer evcil türlerde olduğu gibi, köpeklerin de farklı yer ve zamanlarda evcilleştirilmeleri farklı köpek ırklarının oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Köpek yetiştiriciliğinde değişik birleştirme metodları ve seleksiyon uygulanarak farklı amaçlara uygun köpek ırkları meydana getirilmiştir. Birçok hayvan türünde olduğu gibi köpekler üzerinde de farklı genetik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu amaçla genetik markerlardan (kalça displazisi gibi kalıtsal hastalıkların tespiti, yavru cinsiyetinin belirlenmesi, ikizlik ve freemartinismus olgularının tespiti, genom haritalarının çıkarılması vb) faydalanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, köpeklerde marker genlerin kullanımı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gen
• köpek
• marker
• nükleik asit

Nucleic acid-based molecular methods: Genetic markers in dogs

Öz

There are many dog genotypes in the world and in Turkey. These dog genotypes are bred for various purposes (hunting, herding, guarding, search and rescue dog, etc.). The association of dogs and humans, which started with hunting in the past, continues in many areas today and is likely to be the first domesticated species. Various methods such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), microsatellite, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), truncated fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) are used to determine the origin, evolution and genetic distance between dogs, to determine whether dogs were domesticated in one or several places, to determine the time and place of domestication, and to determine genetic variation among domestic dogs. Most of these analyses are based on population genetics. As with other domestic species, the domestication of dogs in different places and times has led to the formation of different dog breeds. Different breeding methods and selection have been applied in dog breeding to create dog breeds suitable for different purposes. As in many animal species, different genetic studies are carried out on dogs. For this purpose, genetic markers (detection of hereditary diseases such as hip dysplasia, determination of puppy sex, detection of twinning and freemartinismus cases, genome mapping etc.) are used. In this review, information about the use of marker genes in dogs is given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dog
• gene
• marker
• nucleic acid

Kaynakça

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