Saf Salvia officinalis toz ekstraktının seçilmiş veteriner bakteriyel patojenler üzerine in vitro antibakteriyel ve üreme baskılayıcı etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, ticari olarak temin edilen toz formdaki Salvia officinalis ekstraktının sığır mastitisleri, kanatlı kümes altlıkları ile kedi ve köpeklerde görülen ürogenital ve solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarından izole edilen klinik açıdan önemli bakterilere karşı in vitro antibakteriyel ve üreme inhibe edici etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmada Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Proteus spp. disk difüzyon yöntemi ve ekstrakt ilaveli besiyerinde üreme inhibisyon testleri ile değerlendirildi. Elde edilen bulgular, tüm bakterilere karşı ölçülebilir antibakteriyel aktivite bulunduğunu gösterdi. Ekstrakt konsantrasyonu azaldıkça inhibisyon zon çaplarının küçüldüğü ve buna bağlı olarak konsantrasyonla ilişkili bir yanıt geliştiği belirlendi. En geniş inhibisyon zonları en yüksek konsantrasyonda (1/1), özellikle P. aeruginosa (29 mm), Salmonella spp. (27 mm) ve MRSA (26 mm) için saptandı. Buna karşılık Klebsiella spp. ve E. coli izolatlarında duyarlılığın daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Mueller–Hinton agarda yapılan üreme değerlendirmelerinde 1/8 konsantrasyonda E. coli, Klebsiella spp. ve Proteus spp. için kontrol gruplarına kıyasla görünür üremede azalma belirlendi. 1/4 konsantrasyonda ise bu bakterilerde görünür üreme tamamen inhibe edildi. Salmonella spp.’de ekstrakt konsantrasyonu arttıkça üremenin daha da azaldığı gözlendi. MRSA ve P. aeruginosa için ise her iki konsantrasyonda da görünür üremenin tamamen inhibe olduğu saptandı. Sonuç olarak antibakteriyel yanıtın bakteriyel türe bağlı olduğu ve çoğunlukla konsantrasyonla ilişkili bir eğilim gösterdiği değerlendirildi. Bulgular tanımlayıcı düzeyde sunuldu ve ileri çalışmalar için temel oluşturdu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• salvia officinalis
• antibakteriyel aktivite
• bakteriyel üreme inhibisyonu
• veteriner patojenler
• in vitro

Etik Beyan

Yazarlardan, bu makalede sunulan veri, bilgi ve belgelerin akademik ve etik standartlara uygun olarak elde edildiğini ve tüm bilgi, belge, değerlendirme ve sonuçların bilimsel etik ve ahlaki ilkelere uygun olarak sunulduğunu teyit eden bir etik beyanı alındı.

Teşekkür

Yazar, laboratuvar ekipmanlarının hazırlanmasındaki yardımlarından dolayı Balıkesir Üniversitesi Kepsut Meslek Yüksekokulu Laboratuvar ve Veteriner Sağlık Programı öğrencileri Irmak Ergün, Meryem İpekoğlu, Bahadır Tilki ve Sefa Sayan’a teşekkür eder.

In vitro antibacterial and growth-inhibitory effects of a pure Salvia officinalis powder extract against selected veterinary bacterial pathogens

Öz

This study investigated the in vitro antibacterial and growth-inhibitory effects of a commercially available powdered Salvia officinalis extract against clinically important bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis, poultry litter, and urogenital and respiratory infections in cats and dogs. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus spp. were evaluated using disk diffusion and growth inhibition tests on extract-supplemented media. Disk diffusion assays showed measurable antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters decreasing as extract concentration decreased, indicating a concentration-dependent response. The largest inhibition zones were observed at the highest concentration (1/1), particularly for P. aeruginosa (29 mm), Salmonella spp. (27 mm), and MRSA (26 mm), while Klebsiella spp. and E. coli exhibited comparatively lower susceptibility. On Mueller–Hinton agar supplemented with the extract, reduced visible growth was observed for E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp. at the 1/8 concentration, and complete inhibition occurred at 1/4. In Salmonella spp., growth decreased further with increasing extract concentration. Visible growth of MRSA and P. aeruginosa was no growth at both concentrations in agar plates. Overall, the antibacterial response was species-dependent and generally concentration-related. As biological replicates were not included, findings were presented descriptively and considered preliminary. The results indicate that powdered S. officinalis extract exhibits measurable inhibitory activity against veterinary pathogens, with the most pronounced effects against MRSA and P. aeruginosa. Further replicated studies and in vivo safety, efficacy, and dosage evaluations are required before practical application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• salvia officinalis
• antibacterial activity
• bacterial growth inhibition
• veterinary pathogens
• in vitro

Etik Beyan

An ethical statement has been obtained from the authors stating that the data, information, and documents presented in this manuscript were obtained within the framework of academic and ethical rules, and that all information, documents, evaluations, and conclusions have been presented in accordance with scientific ethics and moral principles.

Teşekkür

The author thanks Irmak Ergün, Meryem İpekoğlu, Bahadır Tilki, and Sefa Sayan, students of the Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program at Balıkesir University Kepsut Vocational School of Higher Education, for their assistance in laboratory equipment preparations.

Kaynakça

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