Farklı köpek kafatası tiplerinde kafatası boşluklarının 3B modellenmesi ve volumetrik analizi

Öz

Köpek kafatası, seçici yetiştirme nedeniyle dikkat çekici bir morfolojik çeşitlilik sergilemekte ve bu durum iç boşluk hacimlerinde belirgin varyasyonlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma; dolikosefalik, mezosefalik ve brakisefalik olmak üzere farklı kafatası tiplerinde, kranial kavite (CC), nazal kavite (NC) ve sinüs kavitesinin (SC) volumetrik dağılımını ve oranlarını klinik anatomi perspektifinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı'ndan temin edilen 21 adet köpek kafatası, bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntüleme ve volumetrik rekonstrüksiyon için 3D Slicer yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu modellerin eğitim ve cerrahi planlama araçları olarak potansiyellerini değerlendirmek amacıyla FDM tabanlı 3B yazıcı teknolojisi kullanılarak fiziksel replikalar üretilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler; CC/NC (p = 0,014) ve CC/SC (p = 0,009) oranlarında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu, brakisefalik köpeklerin solunum alanlarına oranla nispeten daha geniş bir kranial kaviteye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Aksine, morfotip grupları arasında NC/SC oranında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamış (p = 0,287), bu da kafatası şeklinden bağımsız olarak nazal ve sinüs kaviteleri arasında sabit bir oransal ilişki olduğunu düşündürmüştür. Bu bulgular, nazal kavite hacmindeki belirgin azalma ile karakterize edilen brakisefalik ırklardaki anatomik solunum kısıtlamalarına nicel bir kanıt sunmaktadır. Çalışma, 3B modelleme ile elde edilen volumetrik oranların ırka özgü patolojilerin teşhisinde nesnel parametreler sağlayabileceği; 3B yazıcı ile üretilen modellerin ise veteriner hekimliği eğitimi ve sanal cerrahi planlamada etkili dokunsal araçlar olarak hizmet edebileceği sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 3B Baskı
• Köpek kafatası
• Volumetrik Analiz
• Kraniyofasiyal morfotipler

Etik Beyan

"Farklı Köpek Kafatası Tiplerinde Kafatası Boşluklarının 3 Boyutlu Modellemesi ve Hacimsel Analizi" başlıklı çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. 18/02/2026 tarihli karara (Toplantı No: 2026-04, Karar No: 2026-04-42) göre, çalışmanın "Ankara Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu Yönergesi"nin 7. maddesinin (h) bendi kapsamında etik kurul onayına gerek duymadığına oy birliğiyle karar verilmiştir.

3D Modeling and volumetric analysis of skull cavities in different canine skull types

Öz

The canine skull exhibits remarkable morphological diversity due to selective breeding, resulting in distinct variations in internal cavity volume. This study aims to evaluate the volumetric distribution and ratios of the cranial cavity (CC), nasal cavity (NC), and sinus cavity (SC) across different skull types - dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic - from a clinical anatomy perspective. Twenty-one canine skulls obtained from the Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, were analyzed using computed tomography (CT) imaging and 3D Slicer software for volumetric reconstruction. Additionally, physical replicas were produced using FDM-based 3D printing technology to evaluate their potential as educational and surgical planning tools. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the CC/NC (p=0.014) and CC/SC (p=0.009) ratios, with brachycephalic dogs exhibiting a relatively larger cranial cavity in proportion to their nasal cavity. Conversely, no significant difference in the NC/SC ratio was detected among the morphotypes (p=0.287), suggesting a constant proportional relationship between the nasal and sinus cavities regardless of skull shape. These findings provide quantitative confirmation of the anatomical respiratory constraints in brachycephalic breeds, characterized by a significant reduction in nasal cavity volume. The study concludes that 3D-modeled volumetric ratios can provide objective breed-specific pathologies and that 3D-printed models can serve as effective tactile tools in veterinary medical education and virtual surgical planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 3D printing
• Canine skull
• Volumetric analysis
• Craniofacial morphotypes

Etik Beyan

The study entitled "3D Modeling and Volumetric Analysis of Skull Cavities in Different Dog Skull Types" was evaluated by the Ankara University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee. According to the decision dated 18/02/2026 (Meeting No: 2026-04, Decision No: 2026-04-42), it was unanimously resolved that the study does not require ethical committee approval within the scope of Article 7 (h) of the "Ankara University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee Directive.

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