Behavioral Economics Approach in Healthcare: Recommendations for Health System in Turkey

Öz

In Turkey, as well as all over the world, one of the most significant challenges faced by the health sector players such as governments, private enterprises and institutions is to make health expenses sustainable while ensuring the sustainability of healthcare services. Increasing obesity rates, aging of the population and increases in chronic diseases require urgent solutions. Although the causes and solutions of these health problems are shaped in line with enviromental conditions and public policies, individuals’ preferences and behaviors are among the primary determinants of their health status. Tobacco use, poor diet, physical inactivity and inadequate health protective behaviors often cause illness and death. For this reason, it is of great importance to change the health-related behavior of individuals. This is difficult, however, as health-related behaviors are very complex in that they are influenced by many factors. On the other hand, behavioral economics, which draws attention with the insights it has drawed on especially from psychology in recent years, offers a new approach to why people cannot make the best choice for themselves and cannot oppose their impulses at the expense of losing their health in the long term. In addition, it addresses the behavioral barriers in the healthcare comprehensively, taking into account the behavior of healthcare providers with a similar approach. Concordantly, the study, considering relevant insights, offers suggestions on how to use behavioral economics’s tools in designing more effective but low-cost health policies and programs in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health
• Healthcare
• Health Policies
• Behavioral Economics

Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Davranışsal İktisat Yaklaşımı: Türkiye’deki Sağlık Sistemi İçin Öneriler

Öz

Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de hükümetler, özel işletmeler ve kurumlar gibi sağlık sektörü oyuncularının karşı karşıya oldukları en önemli zorluklardan biri, sağlık ve bakım hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlarken, sağlık harcamalarını da sürdürülebilir kılmaktır. Artan obezite oranları, nüfusun yaşlanması ve kronik hastalıklardaki artışlar gibi sağlık sorunları ivedi çözümler gerektirmektedir. Her ne kadar söz konusu sağlık sorunlarının nedenleri ve çözümleri çevresel koşullar ve kamu politikaları ekseninde şekillense de kişilerin sağlık durumlarını belirleyenlerin başında kendi tercih ve davranışları gelmektedir. Tütün kullanımı, kötü beslenme, hareketsizlik ve uygun koruyucu önlemlerin alınmaması gibi davranışlar sıklıkla hastalıklara ve ölümlere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kişilerin sağlıkla ilgili davranışlarının değiştirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Ancak sağlıkla ilgili davranışlar birçok unsurdan etkilenmeleri bakımından karmaşık olduğu için, bu durum oldukça zordur. Son yıllarda özellikle psikolojiden yararlandığı içgörülerle dikkat çeken davranışsal iktisat ise insanların neden kendileri için en iyi tercihleri yapamadıklarına ve uzun dönemde sağlıklarını kaybetmek pahasına dürtülerine karşı gelemediklerine ilişkin yeni bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, benzer bir yaklaşımla sağlık hizmeti arz edenlerin davranışlarını da ele alarak, sağlık hizmetlerindeki davranışsal engelleri kapsamlı bir biçimde ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu içgörüler dikkate alınarak, davranışsal iktisat araçlarının Türkiye’de daha etkili ancak düşük maliyetli sağlık politika ve programları tasarımında nasıl kullanılabileceği hakkında öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık
• Sağlık Hizmetleri
• Sağlık Politikaları
• Davranışsal İktisat

Kaynakça

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