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A DIFFERENT DIMENSION IN THE ALTERNATIVE MEDIA: EXAMPLE OF 4CHAN.ORG

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 22, 75 - 100, 28.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.458526

Öz

In today’s world where human wishes
and ideas vary more and more each passing day, media tools bear several
responsibilities against communities. Informing public being the first aim
among others, it’s not possible for the media which upholds a great deal of
tasks to reach every member of the society inclusively. For this reason, it is
needed to obtain alternative media tools which aim to solve the mentioned
drawbacks and these platforms, with the help of new media technologies, are
witnessed more often increasingly; obtaining efficiency. The website named
4chan.org, generates the main topic of this study. The website, becomes the
topic for the international literature much often. In the study which has the aim
of adding 4chan.org, a website included in various studies, to the local
literature, the main concepts in creation of the website, alternative media and
anonimity issue is examined conceptually and exemplification is applied to show
its practical use. In the study in which descriptive and content analyses are
preferred, along with the fact that 4chan.org have same properties which have
similar criteria to the concept of alternative media, it’s also been seen that
it has characteristics which could help expand the concept. In this context,
it’s concluded that, coupled with the fact that the website is another
alternative media platform, it can also be considered as a completely different
aspect.

Kaynakça

  • Asenbaum, H. (2017). “Cyborg Activism: Exploring The Reconfigurations of Democratic Subjectivity in Anonymous”, New Media & Society, 20(4), 1–21.
  • Atton, C. (2006). Alternative Media, London: Sage Publications.
  • Atton, C. (2007). “A Brief History The Web And Interactive Media”, K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt, A. Fountain (Ed.), The Alternative Media Handbook içinde (59-66) London, Routledge.
  • Atton, C. (2009). “Alternative And Citizen Journalism”, K. Wahl-Jorgensen ve T. Hanitzsch (Ed.), The Handbook of Journalism Studies, içinde (265–278). New York: Routledge.
  • Aydoğan, A. ve Başaran, F. (2012). Yeni Medyayı Alternatif Medya Bağlamında Anlamak, Ö. Özer (ed) Alternatif Medya Alternatif Gazetecilik: Türkiye’de Alternatif Gazetecilik Üzerine Değerlendirmeler içinde (213-246), Konya: Literatürk Academia.
  • Arklan, Ü. ve Rençber, H. (2017). “Social Media As The Escape Area For Illegality - İllegali̇teni̇n Kaçış Alanı Olarak Sosyal Medya”,E. Doğan ve E. Geçgin (Ed.), Current Debates In Public Relations, Cultural & Media Studies Volume 9, içinde (31-52), London: IJOPEC Publication
  • Atkinson, A. (2005). “Conceptualizing Global Justice Audiences of Alternative Media: The Need For Power and Ideology in Performance Paradigms of Audience Research”, The Communication Review, 8(2), 137-157.
  • Atkinson, J. (2006). “Analyzing Resistance Narratives at The North American Anarchist Gathering: A Method for Analyzing Social Justice Alternative Media”, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 30(3), 251-272.
  • Bell, D. ve Gauntlet, D. (2009). “On The Net: Navigating the World Wide Web. Case Study: Wikipedia”, G. Creeber, G. R. Martin (Ed.), Digital Culture: Understanding New Media, içinde (30-45), UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Bernstein, M. S. Monroy-Hernández, A. Harry, D. André, P. Panovich, K. ve Vargas, G. G. (2011). “4chan and/b: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community”, ICWSM, 50-57.
  • Bodle, R. (2013). “The Ethics of Online Anonymity or Zuckerberg vs. Moot”, ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 43(1), 22-35.
  • Briggs, A. ve Burke, P. (2004). Medyanın Toplumsal Tarihi: Gutenberg'den İnternete. Ü. H. Yolsal, E. Uzun (Çev.), İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
  • Campbell, K. W. ve Twenge, J. M. (2015). “Narcissism, Emerging Media, and Society.” L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, ve L. M. Carrier (Ed.), The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology, and Society, First Edition, içinde (358-370), New York: Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Cereci, S. (2005). Haber ve Röportaj Tekniği, Ankara: Şubat Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Chen, C. (2012). “The Creation and Meaning of Internet Memes in 4chan: Popular Internet Culture in The Age of Online Digital Reproduction”, Habitus, (3), 6-19.
  • Cohen, J. E. (1995). “Right to Read Anonymously: A Closer Look at Copyright Management in Cyberspace”, A. Conn. L. Rev. (28). 981-1039.
  • Chaum, D. (1985). “Security Without Identification: Transaction Systems to Make Big Brother Obsolete”, Communications of the ACM, 28(10). 1030-1044.
  • Coyer, K. (2007). “Mysteries Of The Black Box Unbound: An Alternative History Of Radio”, K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt, A. Fountain (Ed.), The Alternative Media Handbook içinde (15-28), London: Routledge.
  • Çamdereli, M. (2015). İletişime Giriş, İstanbul: Dem Yayınları.
  • Çoban, S. (2013). Hegemonya Aracı ve İdeolojik Aygıt Olarak Medya, İstanbul: Parşömen Yayıncılık.
  • Çotuksöken, B. (2013). Ayrımcılık Olgusu ve Teknoloji, Z. Kutlusoy (ed). Tutarsızlığın İz Sürücüsü Dilde / Düşüncede içinde (425-432) Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Demirer, T. ve Özbudun, S. (2007). Medya (=Kapi̇tali̇zm) ve Mani̇pülasyon (=Yalan) G. Özgür; T. Demirer (Ed.) İmparatorun Soytarısı Egemen Medya, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Devellioğlu, F. (1980). Türk Argosu, Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi.
  • Dowmunt, T. ve Coyer, K. (2007). “Introduction”, K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt, A. Fountain (Ed.), The Alternative Media Handbook içinde (1-12), London: Routledge.
  • Downing, J. D. (2000). Radical Media: Rebellious Communication And Social Movements. London: Sage Publications.
  • Eco, U. (2012). Yengeç Adımlarıyla: Sıcak Savaşlar ve Medyatik Popülizm, Çeviren: Ş. Gezgin (Çev.), İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Ferry, A. (2002). "Anonymity": The Literary History of a Word. New Literary History, 33(2), 193-214.
  • Fuchs, C. (2010). Alternative Media As Critical Media. European Journal of Social Theory, 13(2), 173-192.
  • Gekker, A. (2011). Legionnaires of Chaos: “Anonymous” and Governmental Oversight of The Internet. Digital Ethics. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • Gibbons, J. W. (2014). Modelling Content Lifespan In Online Social Networks Using Data Mining, Doktora Tezi, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas, Philosophy, Kansas.
  • Gillett, J. (2003). “The Challenges Of Institutionalization for AIDS Media Activism”, Media, Culture & Society, 25(5), 607-624.
  • Goddyn, B. (2001). “Defining Anonymity And Its Dimensions In The Electronic World” The Seminar on Law and Information Science, The Interdisciplinary Center for Law and Information Technology (ICRI). Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 1-35.
  • Goode, L. (2015). Anonymous And The Political Ethos Of Hacktivism, Popular Communication, 13(1), 74-86.
  • Goriunova, O. (2013). The Force of Digital Aesthetics. On Memes, Hacking, and Individuation, The Nordic Journal of Aesthetics, 24(47), 54-75.
  • Güngör, N. (2016). İletişim Kuramlar Yaklaşımlar, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Hine, G. Onaolapo, J. De Cristofaro, E. Kourtellis, N. Leontiadis, I. Samaras, R. ve Blackburn, J. (2017). “Kek, Cucks, and God Emperor Trump: A Measurement Study of 4chan's Politically Incorrect Forum and its Effects on the Web”, In International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM). Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).
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ALTERNATİF MEDYADA FARKLI BİR BOYUT: 4CHAN.ORG ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 22, 75 - 100, 28.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.458526

Öz



İnsan istek ve fikirlerinin giderek çeşitlendiği günümüzde,
medya araçları toplumlara karşı çeşitli sorumluluklar taşımaktadır. Kamuyu
bilgilendirmek başta olmak üzere birçok görev üstlenen medyanın toplumun her
kesiminden bireylere bir bütün olarak kapsayıcı bir şekilde hitap etmesi mümkün
olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, söz konusu eksikliği giderme amacı taşıyan alternatif
medya mecralarına ihtiyaç duyulmakta ve bu platformlar yeni medya
teknolojilerinin de yardımıyla giderek daha fazla görülmekte, etkinlik
kazanmaktadır. Yeni medya ortamında varlığını sürdüren alternatif mecralardan
biri olan 4chan.org isimli web sitesi, çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Site, taşıdığı nitelikler ve diğer ana akım / alternatif medya mecralarından
farklılıkları sebebiyle, uluslararası alan yazında sıkça çalışmalara konu
olmaktadır. Birçok eserde kendine yer bulan 4chan.org'u, yerli literatüre
kazandırma amacındaki çalışmada, sitenin varoluşundaki temel kavramlar olan
alternatif medya ve anonimlik kavramsal düzeyde incelenmiş, kullanım pratikleri
bağlamında örneklendirmelere başvurulmuştur. Betimsel ve içerik analizi
yöntemlerinin tercih edildiği çalışmada, 4chan.org'un literatürde yer alan
alternatif medya tanımlarıyla benzer nitelikler taşımasının yanı sıra, kavramın
genişletilmesine de yardımcı olacak bir karakterde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu
bağlamda, sitenin alternatif medya mecralarından biri olmakla birlikte, farklı
bir boyut olarak da değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Asenbaum, H. (2017). “Cyborg Activism: Exploring The Reconfigurations of Democratic Subjectivity in Anonymous”, New Media & Society, 20(4), 1–21.
  • Atton, C. (2006). Alternative Media, London: Sage Publications.
  • Atton, C. (2007). “A Brief History The Web And Interactive Media”, K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt, A. Fountain (Ed.), The Alternative Media Handbook içinde (59-66) London, Routledge.
  • Atton, C. (2009). “Alternative And Citizen Journalism”, K. Wahl-Jorgensen ve T. Hanitzsch (Ed.), The Handbook of Journalism Studies, içinde (265–278). New York: Routledge.
  • Aydoğan, A. ve Başaran, F. (2012). Yeni Medyayı Alternatif Medya Bağlamında Anlamak, Ö. Özer (ed) Alternatif Medya Alternatif Gazetecilik: Türkiye’de Alternatif Gazetecilik Üzerine Değerlendirmeler içinde (213-246), Konya: Literatürk Academia.
  • Arklan, Ü. ve Rençber, H. (2017). “Social Media As The Escape Area For Illegality - İllegali̇teni̇n Kaçış Alanı Olarak Sosyal Medya”,E. Doğan ve E. Geçgin (Ed.), Current Debates In Public Relations, Cultural & Media Studies Volume 9, içinde (31-52), London: IJOPEC Publication
  • Atkinson, A. (2005). “Conceptualizing Global Justice Audiences of Alternative Media: The Need For Power and Ideology in Performance Paradigms of Audience Research”, The Communication Review, 8(2), 137-157.
  • Atkinson, J. (2006). “Analyzing Resistance Narratives at The North American Anarchist Gathering: A Method for Analyzing Social Justice Alternative Media”, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 30(3), 251-272.
  • Bell, D. ve Gauntlet, D. (2009). “On The Net: Navigating the World Wide Web. Case Study: Wikipedia”, G. Creeber, G. R. Martin (Ed.), Digital Culture: Understanding New Media, içinde (30-45), UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Bernstein, M. S. Monroy-Hernández, A. Harry, D. André, P. Panovich, K. ve Vargas, G. G. (2011). “4chan and/b: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community”, ICWSM, 50-57.
  • Bodle, R. (2013). “The Ethics of Online Anonymity or Zuckerberg vs. Moot”, ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, 43(1), 22-35.
  • Briggs, A. ve Burke, P. (2004). Medyanın Toplumsal Tarihi: Gutenberg'den İnternete. Ü. H. Yolsal, E. Uzun (Çev.), İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
  • Campbell, K. W. ve Twenge, J. M. (2015). “Narcissism, Emerging Media, and Society.” L. D. Rosen, N. A. Cheever, ve L. M. Carrier (Ed.), The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology, and Society, First Edition, içinde (358-370), New York: Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Cereci, S. (2005). Haber ve Röportaj Tekniği, Ankara: Şubat Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Chen, C. (2012). “The Creation and Meaning of Internet Memes in 4chan: Popular Internet Culture in The Age of Online Digital Reproduction”, Habitus, (3), 6-19.
  • Cohen, J. E. (1995). “Right to Read Anonymously: A Closer Look at Copyright Management in Cyberspace”, A. Conn. L. Rev. (28). 981-1039.
  • Chaum, D. (1985). “Security Without Identification: Transaction Systems to Make Big Brother Obsolete”, Communications of the ACM, 28(10). 1030-1044.
  • Coyer, K. (2007). “Mysteries Of The Black Box Unbound: An Alternative History Of Radio”, K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt, A. Fountain (Ed.), The Alternative Media Handbook içinde (15-28), London: Routledge.
  • Çamdereli, M. (2015). İletişime Giriş, İstanbul: Dem Yayınları.
  • Çoban, S. (2013). Hegemonya Aracı ve İdeolojik Aygıt Olarak Medya, İstanbul: Parşömen Yayıncılık.
  • Çotuksöken, B. (2013). Ayrımcılık Olgusu ve Teknoloji, Z. Kutlusoy (ed). Tutarsızlığın İz Sürücüsü Dilde / Düşüncede içinde (425-432) Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Demirer, T. ve Özbudun, S. (2007). Medya (=Kapi̇tali̇zm) ve Mani̇pülasyon (=Yalan) G. Özgür; T. Demirer (Ed.) İmparatorun Soytarısı Egemen Medya, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Devellioğlu, F. (1980). Türk Argosu, Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi.
  • Dowmunt, T. ve Coyer, K. (2007). “Introduction”, K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt, A. Fountain (Ed.), The Alternative Media Handbook içinde (1-12), London: Routledge.
  • Downing, J. D. (2000). Radical Media: Rebellious Communication And Social Movements. London: Sage Publications.
  • Eco, U. (2012). Yengeç Adımlarıyla: Sıcak Savaşlar ve Medyatik Popülizm, Çeviren: Ş. Gezgin (Çev.), İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
  • Ferry, A. (2002). "Anonymity": The Literary History of a Word. New Literary History, 33(2), 193-214.
  • Fuchs, C. (2010). Alternative Media As Critical Media. European Journal of Social Theory, 13(2), 173-192.
  • Gekker, A. (2011). Legionnaires of Chaos: “Anonymous” and Governmental Oversight of The Internet. Digital Ethics. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
  • Gibbons, J. W. (2014). Modelling Content Lifespan In Online Social Networks Using Data Mining, Doktora Tezi, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas, Philosophy, Kansas.
  • Gillett, J. (2003). “The Challenges Of Institutionalization for AIDS Media Activism”, Media, Culture & Society, 25(5), 607-624.
  • Goddyn, B. (2001). “Defining Anonymity And Its Dimensions In The Electronic World” The Seminar on Law and Information Science, The Interdisciplinary Center for Law and Information Technology (ICRI). Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 1-35.
  • Goode, L. (2015). Anonymous And The Political Ethos Of Hacktivism, Popular Communication, 13(1), 74-86.
  • Goriunova, O. (2013). The Force of Digital Aesthetics. On Memes, Hacking, and Individuation, The Nordic Journal of Aesthetics, 24(47), 54-75.
  • Güngör, N. (2016). İletişim Kuramlar Yaklaşımlar, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Hine, G. Onaolapo, J. De Cristofaro, E. Kourtellis, N. Leontiadis, I. Samaras, R. ve Blackburn, J. (2017). “Kek, Cucks, and God Emperor Trump: A Measurement Study of 4chan's Politically Incorrect Forum and its Effects on the Web”, In International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM). Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).
  • Husted, U. M. (2012). “A Funny Thing Happened On The Way From The Forum: The Life and Death Of Internet Memes”, Global Discourse, 4(2-3), 325-349.
  • Iane, C. (2011). “Anonymity on the Internet and Its Psychological Implications for Communication”, Cercetări Pilosofico-Psihologice, 3(2), 125-132.
  • Karagöz, K. (2013). “Toplumsal Hareketler ve Dijital Aktivizm Hareketleri”, İleti̇şi̇m Ve Di̇plomasi̇, 1(1) 179.
  • Kaya, R. (1999). “Medya, Toplum, Siyaset”, K. Alemdar (Ed.). Medya Gücü ve Demokratik Kurumlar içinde (23-32), İstanbul: Afa Yayıncılık.
  • Kidd, D. (1999). “The Value Of Alternative Media”, Peace Review, 11(1), 113-119.
  • Knuttila, L. (2011). “User Unknown: 4chan, Anonymity and Contingency”, First Monday. 16(10), 1-24.
  • Lessig, L. (1995). The Path of Cyberlaw. The Yale Law Journal, 104(7), 1743-1755.
  • Lin, C. C. Huang, Y. C. ve Hsu, J. Y. J,. (2014). “Crowdsourced Explanations For Humorous Internet Memes Based on linguistic Theories” Second AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing. 3118-3119.
  • Long III, G. P. (1993). “Who Are You: Identity and Anonymity in Cyberspace”, U. Pitt. L. Rev. 55, 1177-1213.
  • Maddox, R. (2014). 4chan 167 Success Secrets- 167 Most Asked Questions On 4chan- What You Need To Know, Emereo Publishing.
  • Manivannan, V. (2013). “FCJ-158 Tits or GTFO: The Logics of Misogyny on 4chan’s Random–/b”, The Fibreculture Journal, (22), 109-132.
  • Marx, G. T. (1999). “What's in a Name? Some Reflections on The Sociology of Anonymity”, The Information Society, 15(2), 99-112.
  • McChesney, R. W. (2006). 21. Yüzyılda İletişim Politikaları Medyanın Sorunu, Ç. Çidamlı, E. Coşkun, E. Usta (Çev.), İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayıncılık.
  • Montiel, I. (2012). “The Transition Towards Persistent Identities”, The Science In Society Review, 24-26.
  • Mullan, J. (2007). Anonymity: A Secret History of English Literature, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Nagle, A. (2017). Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and The Alt-right, Alresford: John Hunt Publishing.
  • Olson, P. (2013). We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency, London: Random House.
  • Özmenek, V. (1999). Medya Terörizm, Ankara: Tez Yayıncılık.
  • Özsever, A. (2004). Tekelci Medyada Örgütsüz Gazeteci, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Papic, M. ve Noonan, S. (2011). Sosyal Medya: Bir Protesto Aracı, E. Dündar (Çev.), Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 25(1), 165-172.
  • Pendergrass, W. S. ve Wright, M. (2014). “A Case Study Analysis Of KnightSec and the Steubenville Rape Case”, Conference for Information Systems Applied Research ISSN, Vol. 2167, 1-11.
  • Pendergrass, W. S. (2015). “The Yin and Yang of 4chan's Nature”, In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition. IGI Global, 6810-6817.
  • Poole, E. ve Richardson, J. E. (2010). “Introduction”, E. Poole ve J.E. Richardson, (Ed.) Muslims and The News Media içinde (1-9), London: IB Tauris.
  • Potts, L. ve Harrison, A. (2013). “Interfaces as rhetorical constructions: reddit and 4chan during the boston marathon bombings”, 31st ACM international conference on Design of communication, 143-150.
  • Rains, S. A. ve Scott, C. R. (2007). “To identify or Not To Identify: A Theoretical Model of Receiver Responses to Anonymous Communication”, Communication Theory, 17(1), 61-91.
  • Randall, V. (1993). “The Media And Democratisation In The Third World”, Third World Quarterly, 14(3), 625-646.
  • Rau, M. (1994). “Towards A History of Fanzine Publishing: From APA to Zines”, Alternative Press Review, Spring/Summer, 10-13.
  • Rigby, K. (1995). Anonymity on The Internet Must Be Protected. Ethics and Law on the Electronic Frontier. http://www-swiai.mit.edu/6095/student-papers/fall95-papers/rigby-anonymity.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 24.04.2018).
  • Rodríguez, C. Ferron, B. ve Shamas, K. (2014). “Four Challenges in The Field of Alternative, Radical and Citizens” Media Research. Media, Culture & Society, 36(2), 150-166.
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  • Sagun, K. (2013). “Internet Memes As An Information Dissemination Tool For Libraries: The Ateneo de Manila University Experience”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 542-550.
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  • Wallace, K. A. (2008). “Online Anonymity”, K. E. Himma ve H. T. Tavani (Ed.), The Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics içinde (165-190), Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Wendling, M. (2018). Alt-right: From 4chan to the White House, London: Pluto Press.
  • Yaylagül, L. (2016). Kitle İletişim Kuramları. Egemen ve Eleştirel Yaklaşımlar, Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.
  • Yeşiltuna, D. Ç. (2015). “Yeni Bir Katılım Biçimi Olarak Medyatik Topluluklar”, D. Ç. Yeşiltuna (Ed) İletişim ve Medya içinde (27-44), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, A. (2017). “İnternet Bağımlılığı İçin Kolaylaştırıcı Bir Faktör Olarak Sanal Dünyada Etik Duyarlılık Azalması”, Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2017;9 (4), 398-409.
  • Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., De Cristofaro, E., Kourtelris, N., Leontiadis, I., Sirivianos, M. Ve Blackburn, J. (2017), “The Web Centipede: Understanding How Web Communities Influence Each Other Through The Lens Of Mainstream and Alternative News Sources”, 2017 Internet Measurement Conference ACM, 405-417.
  • Zıllıoğlu, M. (2004). “İletişim”, H. Gürgen (Ed.). İletişim Bilgisi içinde (1-14), Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları. 4chan.org, http://www.4chan.org, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2018).
Toplam 84 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hasan Rençber 0000-0001-5690-9094

Ümit Arklan 0000-0003-0066-3122

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Rençber, H., & Arklan, Ü. (2018). ALTERNATİF MEDYADA FARKLI BİR BOYUT: 4CHAN.ORG ÖRNEĞİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 9(22), 75-100. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.458526

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