The Impact of the Transportation Sector on Air Pollution and Environmental Sustainability: Example of the Mediterranean Region

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 45, 324 - 342, 28.02.2025

Tuğba İbik

Öz

Air pollution is an important problem that occurs due to natural and anthropogenic reasons. However, generally the increase in people's activities leads to air pollution. Air pollution resulting from various activities is increasing, especially due to energy use and the transportation sector. The increasing use of transportation vehicles and the widespread use of fossil fuels can be seen as an obstacle to ensure transportation and environmental sustainability. CO2 emissions originating from the transportation sector in Türkiye have a significant share. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the emission level of the provinces in the country and take measures accordingly to ensure environmental sustainability. For this reason, the Tier 1 method, which is among the approaches recommended in the guide published by the IPCC in 2006, is used. Thus, it is aimed to determine the CO2 emissions resulting from fuel use in road transportation. Emissions resulting from road transportation are calculated for the provinces in the Mediterranean Region in 2010 and 2022. As a result of the calculation, it is seen that Antalya province caused the most CO2 emissions in 2022 with 3,348.51 GgCO2. In addition, when looking at annual emission changes, it is seen that the biggest change belongs to Hatay province with 107.23%. Additionally, as a result of fuel use, CO2 emissions have increased for all provinces. Based on the results obtained, it is deemed necessary to take measures to reduce road transportation emissions and appropriate policy recommendations are made.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Air Pollution, Environmental Sustainability, Transportation Sector, Mediterranean Region

Ulaşım Sektörünün Hava Kirliliği ve Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerindeki Etkisi: Akdeniz Bölgesi Örneği

Öz

Hava kirliliği, doğal ve antropojenik nedenlerle ortaya çıkan önemli bir sorundur. Ancak genellikle insanların faaliyetlerindeki artış hava kirliliğine yol açmaktadır. Çeşitli faaliyetler sonucunda ortaya çıkan hava kirliliği özellikle enerji kullanımı ve ulaşım sektörüne bağlı olarak artmaktadır. Ulaşım araçlarının kullanımının artması ve fosil yakıt kullanımının yaygın olması ulaşım ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasının önünde bir engel olarak görülebilir. Türkiye’de ulaşım sektöründen kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonu önemli bir paya sahiptir. Dolayısıyla ülkede bulunan illerin emisyon seviyesinin belirlenmesi ve buna yönelik tedbir alınması çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada IPCC tarafından 2006 yayınlanan kılavuzda önerilen yaklaşımlar arasında bulunan Tier 1 yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Böylece karayolu ulaşımında yakıt kullanımı nedeniyle ortaya çıkan CO2 emisyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. 2010 ve 2022 yıllarında Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde bulunan iller için karayolu ulaşımından kaynaklanan emisyonlar hesaplanmaktadır. Yapılan hesaplama sonucunda 2022 yılında en fazla CO2 emisyonuna 3,348,51 GgCO2 ile Antalya ilinin neden olduğu görülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra yıllık emisyon değişimlerine bakıldığında en fazla değişimin %107,23 ile Hatay iline ait olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca yakıt kullanımı sonucunda CO2 emisyonu tüm iller için artmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçtan hareketle karayolu ulaşım emisyonunun azaltılmasına yönelik tedbirler alınması gerekli görülmekte ve buna uygun politika önerileri getirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hava Kirliliği, Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik, Ulaşım Sektörü, Akdeniz Bölgesi

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