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Only A Dialogue Can Save Us: The Dialogical Character of Heidegger’s Conception of Destiny (Geschick)

Yıl 2020, , 203 - 252, 25.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2020.6.1.05

Öz

There is a plethora of books and scholarly articles dealing with the question of the nature of destiny. But neither of them enables us to obtain a solid grasp on the matter. This inability is the impossibility of metaphysics. Heidegger’s contribution to those discussions is apparently a non-metaphysical one, but on the other hand can be seen as bogged down in mysticism or at least a violation of scholarly principles and thus appears to share similar inabilities with its precedents. The questions of whether he could avoid metaphysics, there be mystical elements in his thought or the claims alleged on Heidegger’s so-called self-contradictory thoughts be real or fictitious are neither re-asked nor replied in this paper but stand at the background because of their relevance to the metaphilosophy of Heidegger. This paper is meant to discover “authentic destiny of man” so that it may discern true way of doing philosophy in Heideggerian terms.
Heidegger’s approach to the matter stands, in one sense, in sharp contrast to the fatalist tradition, in another appears to presume ineluctability. This seemingly contradictory precedents can be reconciled with reference to Heideggerian terminology. Through an analysis of affined terms such as dialogue, truth, correctness, Dasein (there being), logos (Word), legein (speaking), fate, being-in-a-world, historical perception, historiography and disclosedness, this paper utilizes this possibility to provide an answer to the question of destiny. The main questions dealt in this paper are what the nature of the force of destiny is, how far it extends and by virtue of what it pursues its course. By narrowing down the subject into the history of thought, something that can be tackled by Heidegger’s works, the argument departed from Heideggerian way of doing philosophy: establishing dialogue with the history. In order to reach a fair and tenable explanation for the validity and influence of such a method, necessary examples are cited throughout the article. The main finding that emerged from this research was that ambiguity as the common outcome of dialogues creates a space for the suspension of the customary meaning and acknowledgment of a whole new one. This space is where the paths of history change profoundly. This explanation model also let us to rethink thinker as the one who creates history, is sustained by history, and also beset by history. Only thereby could we make sense of static and dynamic aspects of destiny together.

Kaynakça

  • Beistegui, Miguel. Heidegger & the Political: Dystopias. London: Routledge, 1998.
  • Berkowitz, Roger. The Gift of Science: Leibniz and the Modern Legal Tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.
  • Davis, Bret W. Martin Heidegger: Key Concepts. New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Gadamer, Hans G., and Renato Cristin. Heidegger and Leibniz: Reason and the Path. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Anaximander’s Saying." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Hegel's Concept of Experience." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Language in the Poem: A Discussion on georg Trakl's Poetic Work." In On the Way to Language, Edited by Peter D. Hertz, Translated by Peter D. Hertz. Toronto: Perennial Library, 1959.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Nietzsche's Word: God is Dead." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "The Origin of Work of Art." In Poetry, Language, Thought, Edited by Albert Hofstadter, Translated by Albert Hofstadter. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1971.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "The Question Concerning Technology." In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Edited by William Lovitt, Translated by William Lovitt. New York: Garland Publishing, 1977.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "The Work and Truth." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "What is Metaphysics?" In Pathmarks, edited by Wiliam M. Neill, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Why Poets?" In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Aristotle's Metaphysics, 1-3: On the Essence and Actuality of Force. Translated by Walter Brogan and Peter Warnek. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy. Translated by Robert M. Metcalf and Mark B. Tanzer. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2009.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Basic Questions of Philosophy: Selected Problems of Logic. Translated by Richard Rojcewicz and Andre Schuwer. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Being and Truth. Translated by Gregory Fried and Richard Polt. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2010.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning). Translated by Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Early Greek Thinking. Translated by David F. Krell and Frank A. Capuzzi. New York: Harper Collins, 1984.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Existence and Being. London: Henry Regnery Company, 1949.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Identity and Difference. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. New York: Harper Row Publishers, 1969.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Introduction to Metaphysics. Translated by Gregory Fried and Richard Polt. Tübingen: Yale University Press, 2000.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. Translated by Richard Taft. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1997.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Parmenides. Translated by Andre Schuwer and Richard Rojcewicz. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The Basic Problems of Phenomenology. Translated by Albert Hofstadter. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The Beginning of Western Philosophy. Translated by Richard Rojcewicz. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2015.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The End of Philosophy. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1973.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Translated by William McNeill and Nicholas Walker. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.
  • Heidegger, Martin. What is Called Thinking?. Translated by Glenn J. Gray. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1968.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Zollikon Seminars: Protocols, Conversations, Letters. Translated by Franz Mayr and Richard Askay. Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2001.
  • Kaufman, Walter. Discovering the Mind: Nietzsche, Heidegger and Buber. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2002.
  • King, Magda. A Guide to Heidegger's Being and Time. New York: Suny Press, 2001.
  • Large, William. Heidegger's Being and Time: An Edinburgh Philosophical Guide: An Edinburgh Philosophical Guide. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
  • Nelson, Eric S. "Heidegger and Carnap: Disagreeing About Nothing." In The Bloomsbury Companion to Heidegger, edited by François Raffoul and Eric S. Nelson, New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.
  • Nelson, Eric S. "Traumatic origins: History, Geneology, and Violence in Heidegger and Nietzsche." In Heidegger & Nietzsche, edited by Babette Babich and Holger Zaborowski, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012.
  • Phili, Christine. "Greece: The Byzantine Period." In Writing the History of Mathematics: Its Historical Development, edited by Joseph W. Dauben and Christoph J. Scriba, Berlin: Birkhauser, 2002.
  • Plato "Charmides." In The Dialogues of Plato, edited by B Jowett, translated by B Jowett. N.p.: Clarendon Press, 1875.
  • Polt, Richard. Heidegger: An Introduction. New York: Cornell University Press, 1999.
  • Smith, Gregory B., and Michael Smith. Nietzsche, Heidegger, and the Transition to Postmodernity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
  • Vycinas, Vincent. Earth and Gods: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969.
  • Wolanski, Jan. Semantics and Truth. Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.

Bizi Yalnızca Bir Diyalog Kurtarabilir: Heidegger’in Kader Kavramsallaştırmasının (Geschick) Diyalojik Karakteri

Yıl 2020, , 203 - 252, 25.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2020.6.1.05

Öz

Kaderin doğası konusunda yazılmış sayısız makale, kitap bulunmasına karşın, kader hakkında kesin bir fikir edinmek güçtür. Bu güçlük, metafiziğin imkansızlığına hamledilebilir. Heidegger’in bu tartışmalara katkısı metafiziksel değilse bile, fazlaca mistik ya da en azından ilmi kriterlerin çizdiği sınırların dışında gözükür ve bu açıdan metafiziksel düşünce ile benzer güçlükler taşır. Heidegger’in metafizikten kaçıp kaçamadığı, kendisi ile çeliştiği yönündeki ithamların gerçeği yansıtıp yansıtmadığı, düşüncesinde mistik unsurlar bulunup bulunmadığı gibi tartışmalar bu makalenin yürüttüğü tartışmanın dışında fakat Heidegger’in metafelsefesini anlamlandırma çabasının arka planında bulunur. Heidegger için doğru felsefe yapma şekli nedir? Bu makaleye yön veren temel gaye kader kavramını bu soru üzerinden düşünmektir.
Heidegger’in kader konusuna yaklaşımı bir taraftan kaderci gelenek ile bariz bir tezat arz ederken, diğer taraftan mukadderata teslim olur. Bu çelişik gibi duran iki durum terminolojik bir analizle daha makul bir düzleme kavuşabilir. Bu imkanı, diyalog, hakikat, doğruluk, Dasein, logos, konuşma, kader, dünya-içinde-varlık, tarihsel idrak, historiografi ve varlığa açıklık gibi kavramlar üzerinden değerlendirmeyi hedefleyen bu çalışmanın varmak istediği nokta, kaderin Heidegger zaviyesinden yorumudur. Kaderin faaliyet alanı, hudutları ve işleyişi gibi meseleler bu minvalde ele alınırken çalışmanın sahası, Heideggerci külliyatın sınırları içinde yani düşünce tarihi ile sınırlı kaldı; böyle olunca temel çerçeveyi Heidegger’in doğru düşünme şekli olarak önerdiği “tarihle diyalog” çizdi. Peki bu metot ne kadar geçerli veya ne kadar etkin? Bu sorunun kaçınılmaz olarak örnekler üzerinden ilerleyen cevabının ulaştığı en temel bulgu ise şu oldu: Tüm diyaloglar doğası gereği belirsizdir ve bu belirsizlik eski ve köhne anlamların yeni ve taze anlamlarla değiştirilmesine fırsat tanır. Bu fırsat kullanıldığında ise oradan bir kader doğar. Kaderi böyle izah edersek, düşünürün nasıl olup da kadere hem şekil verip, hem de onun tarafından kuşatılıp meftun edildiğine dair bir fikrimiz de olabilir. Kısacası yukarıda bahsi geçen çelişik durum, kaderin statik ve dinamik yönlerinin böyle bir izah modelinde açılmasıyla bir dereceye kadar aşılabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Beistegui, Miguel. Heidegger & the Political: Dystopias. London: Routledge, 1998.
  • Berkowitz, Roger. The Gift of Science: Leibniz and the Modern Legal Tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.
  • Davis, Bret W. Martin Heidegger: Key Concepts. New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Gadamer, Hans G., and Renato Cristin. Heidegger and Leibniz: Reason and the Path. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Anaximander’s Saying." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Hegel's Concept of Experience." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Language in the Poem: A Discussion on georg Trakl's Poetic Work." In On the Way to Language, Edited by Peter D. Hertz, Translated by Peter D. Hertz. Toronto: Perennial Library, 1959.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Nietzsche's Word: God is Dead." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "The Origin of Work of Art." In Poetry, Language, Thought, Edited by Albert Hofstadter, Translated by Albert Hofstadter. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1971.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "The Question Concerning Technology." In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, Edited by William Lovitt, Translated by William Lovitt. New York: Garland Publishing, 1977.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "The Work and Truth." In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "What is Metaphysics?" In Pathmarks, edited by Wiliam M. Neill, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Heidegger, Martin. "Why Poets?" In Off the Beaten Track, Edited by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes, Translated by Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Aristotle's Metaphysics, 1-3: On the Essence and Actuality of Force. Translated by Walter Brogan and Peter Warnek. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy. Translated by Robert M. Metcalf and Mark B. Tanzer. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2009.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Basic Questions of Philosophy: Selected Problems of Logic. Translated by Richard Rojcewicz and Andre Schuwer. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Being and Truth. Translated by Gregory Fried and Richard Polt. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2010.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning). Translated by Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1999.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Early Greek Thinking. Translated by David F. Krell and Frank A. Capuzzi. New York: Harper Collins, 1984.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Existence and Being. London: Henry Regnery Company, 1949.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Identity and Difference. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. New York: Harper Row Publishers, 1969.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Introduction to Metaphysics. Translated by Gregory Fried and Richard Polt. Tübingen: Yale University Press, 2000.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. Translated by Richard Taft. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1997.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Parmenides. Translated by Andre Schuwer and Richard Rojcewicz. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The Basic Problems of Phenomenology. Translated by Albert Hofstadter. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The Beginning of Western Philosophy. Translated by Richard Rojcewicz. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2015.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The End of Philosophy. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1973.
  • Heidegger, Martin. The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Translated by William McNeill and Nicholas Walker. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1995.
  • Heidegger, Martin. What is Called Thinking?. Translated by Glenn J. Gray. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1968.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Zollikon Seminars: Protocols, Conversations, Letters. Translated by Franz Mayr and Richard Askay. Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2001.
  • Kaufman, Walter. Discovering the Mind: Nietzsche, Heidegger and Buber. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2002.
  • King, Magda. A Guide to Heidegger's Being and Time. New York: Suny Press, 2001.
  • Large, William. Heidegger's Being and Time: An Edinburgh Philosophical Guide: An Edinburgh Philosophical Guide. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
  • Nelson, Eric S. "Heidegger and Carnap: Disagreeing About Nothing." In The Bloomsbury Companion to Heidegger, edited by François Raffoul and Eric S. Nelson, New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.
  • Nelson, Eric S. "Traumatic origins: History, Geneology, and Violence in Heidegger and Nietzsche." In Heidegger & Nietzsche, edited by Babette Babich and Holger Zaborowski, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012.
  • Phili, Christine. "Greece: The Byzantine Period." In Writing the History of Mathematics: Its Historical Development, edited by Joseph W. Dauben and Christoph J. Scriba, Berlin: Birkhauser, 2002.
  • Plato "Charmides." In The Dialogues of Plato, edited by B Jowett, translated by B Jowett. N.p.: Clarendon Press, 1875.
  • Polt, Richard. Heidegger: An Introduction. New York: Cornell University Press, 1999.
  • Smith, Gregory B., and Michael Smith. Nietzsche, Heidegger, and the Transition to Postmodernity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
  • Vycinas, Vincent. Earth and Gods: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969.
  • Wolanski, Jan. Semantics and Truth. Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Münteha Kot Tan 0000-0002-6649-0503

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Kot Tan, Zeynep Münteha. “Only A Dialogue Can Save Us: The Dialogical Character of Heidegger’s Conception of Destiny (Geschick)”. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi 6/1 (Haziran 2020), 203-252. https://doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2020.6.1.05.

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