TURKEY’S ROLE WITHIN REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX THEORY: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TERRORIST ATTACKS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1 - 33, 27.07.2020

Neslihan Yavuz , Barış Özdal

Öz

Çalışma, 11 Eylül 2001 Terör Saldırıları sonrası Türk Dış Politikası (TDP)’nı analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin etkileşimde bulunduğu yakın çevresiyle kurduğu güvenlik ilişkileri incelenirken kuramsal çerçeve olarak, dünya coğrafyasını komşu devletler arasındaki tarihi dostluk ve düşmanlık ilişkilerine dayalı güvenlikleştirme süreçleri üzerinden şekillenen kompleksler biçiminde ele alan Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi (BGKT)’den yararlanılmıştır. BGKT’nin Türkiye’yi kendisini çevreleyen komplekslerin arasında, bu kompleksleri ayıran “yalıtkan” bir devlet olarak ele alan anlayışı da çalışma kapsamında özellikle irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’yi çevreleyen kompleksler içinde güvenlik ve çatışma ekseninde yaşanan gelişmelerin politik karar alıcıların siyasa belirleme sürecinde etkili olup olmadığı da analiz edilirken, Türkiye’ye atfedilen yalıtkan devlet rolünün uluslararası konjonktür içinde sürdürülebilir olup olmadığı da ileriye dönük bazı senaryolar üzerinden irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

türk dış politiksı, 11 eylül, Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi, Güvenlik, Uluslararası Terör

TURKEY’S ROLE WITHIN REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX THEORY: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY AFTER SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TERRORIST ATTACKS

Öz

This paper aims to analyse Turkish Foreign Policy (TFP) in the post September 11, 2001 TerroristAttacks period. In this regard, while examining security relations between Turkey and the neighbouringstates, it employs Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) which takes the geography as complexesthat are shaped through securitization processes based on historic friendship and hostility relationships.Further it examines the RSCT conceptualisation of Turkey as an insulator state which is excluded fromall encircling RSCs and also separating them from each other. In this regard, while analysing the impactsof security and conflict related issues in the surrounding RSCs on foreign policy making processes inTurkey, the viability of the insulator state role attributed to Turkey in the international conjuncture isalso evaluated through utilising prospective scenarios.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish Foreign Policy, 9/11 Terrorist Attacks, Regional Security Complex Theory, International Terrorism

Kaynakça

• “IV. Turkey’s International Security Initiatives and Contributions to NATO and EU Operations”. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs Official Website. http: //www.mfa.gov.tr/iv_-european-security-and-defence-identity_policy-_esdi_p_.en.mfa (Accession: 29.10.2019).
• “Obama: ISIS Unintended Consequence of Invading Iraq, Which Is Why We Should Aim Before We Shoot". https: //www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2015/03/16/obama_isis_unintended_consequence_of_invading_iraq_which_is_why_we_should_aim_before_we_shoot.html (Accession: 30.03.2019).
• “President Bush Discusses Global War on Terror”, https: //georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/09/20060929-3.html (Accession: 23.04.2020). “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2015)”. s. 9. https: //obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2015_national_security_strategy_2.pdf (Accession: 14.12.2019).
• Acer, Yücel. “Deniz Alanlarının Sınırlandırılması Hukuku”. Doğu Akdeniz’de Hukuk ve Siyaset. ed. Sertaç Hami Başeren. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, 2013, 307-326.
• Aktürk, Şener. “Toward a Turkish-Russian Axis?: Conflicts in Georgia, Syria and Ukraine and Cooperation over Nuclear Energy”. Insight Turkey. C. 16. S. 4 (2014): 13-22.
• Aydın, Mustafa. “Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy: Historical Framework and Traditional Inputs”. Middle Eastern Studies. C. 35. S. 4 (1999): 152-186.
• Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever, Jaap de Wilde. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc, 1998.
• Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever. Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
• Buzan, Barry. People, States and Fear, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1983.
• Çağaptay, Soner. The Rise of Turkey: The Twenty-First Century’s First Muslim Power. Lincoln: The University of Nebraska Press, 2014.
• Dede, Alper Yılmaz. “The Arab Uprisings: Debating the Turkish Model”. Insight Turkey. C. 13. S. 2, (2011): 23-32.
• Dougherty, James E., Robert L. Pfaltzgraff. Contending Theories of International Politics: A Comprehensive Survey. London: Longman, 2001.
• Fawcett, Louise. “Regionalism from a Historical Perspective”. Global Politics of Regionalism. ed. Mary Farrell, Björn Hettne, Luk Langenhove. London: Pluto Press, 2005, 21-37.
• Gerges, Fawaz A. “The Obama Approach to the Middle East: The End of America’s Moment”. International Affairs. C. 89. S. 2 (2013): 299-323.
• Gözen, Ramazan. “Causes and Consequences of Turkey’s Out-of-War Position in the Iraq War of 2003”. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations. C.36 (2005): 73-99. Han, Ahmet Kasım. “Turkey’s Energy Strategy and the Middle East: Between a Rock and a Hard Place”. Turkish Studies. C. 12. S. 4 (2011): 603-617.
• Kardaş, Şaban. “Turkey: A Regional Power Facing a Changing International System”. Turkish Studies. C. 14. S. 4 (2013): 637-660.
• Krieg, Andreas. “Externalizing the Burden of War: The Obama Doctrine and US Foreign Policy in the Middle East”. International Affairs. C. 92. S. 1 (2016): 97-113.
• Kubicek, Paul. “Turkey’s Inclusion in the Atlantic Community: Looking Back, Looking Forward”. Turkish Studies, C. 9. S. 1 (2008): 21-35.
• Kurt, Selim. “Neo-Avrasyacı Perspektiften Rusya Federasyonu’nun Güvenlik Algısı”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi. C. 14. S. 28 (2018): 91-125.
• Lund, Aron. “Not Just Russia: The Iranian Surge in Syria”. http: //carnegie-mec.org/diwan/63650 (Accession: 05.12.2019).
• Mango, Andrew. Turkey and the War on Terror. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2005.
• McGoldrick, Dominic. From 9-11 to the Iraq War 2003: International Law in an Age of Complexity. Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2004.
• Nas, Çiğdem. “Turkey and the European Union: A Stumbling Accession Process under New Conditions”. Turkey in the 21st Century: Quest for a New Foreign Policy. ed. Zeynep Oktav Özden. Burlington: Ashgate, 2011, 159-184.
• Nye, Joseph S. “The Future of American Power: Dominance and Decline in Perspective”. Foreign Affairs. C. 89. S. 6 (2010): 2-12.
• Oğuzlu, Tarık. NATO Ortaklıkları ve Türkiye: Barış için Ortaklık, Akdeniz Diyalogu, İstanbul İşbirliği Girişimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2013. Öniş, Ziya. “Multiple Faces of the New Turkish Foreign Policy: Underlying Dynamics and a Critique”. Insight Turkey. C. 13. S. 1 (2011): 47-65.
• Park, Bill. Modern Turkey: People, State and Foreign Policy in a Globalized World. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012.
• Patrick, Stewart. “The Evolving structure of World Politics”. International Relations the End of Cold War: New and Old Dimensions. ed. Geir Lundestad. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, 16-41.
• Peker, Hasan Sencer, Kübra Öztürk Oktay, Yavuz Şensoy. “Doğu Akdeniz’de Deniz Yetki Alanları ve Enerji Kaynakları Çerçevesinde Türkiye enerji Güvenliği”. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi. C. 8. S. 1 (2019): 85-106.
• Renda Kadri Kaan, “Turkey’s Neighbourhood Policy: An Emerging Complex Interdependence?”, Insight Turkey, C. 13. S. 1 (2011): 89-108.
• Sinkaya, Bayram. “Rationalization of Turkey-Iran Relations: Prospects and Limits”. Insight Turkey. C. 14. S. 2 (2012): 137-156.
• Sorensen, Georg. “International Relations Theory after the Cold War”. The Eighty Years Crisis: International Relations 1919-1999. ed. Tim Dunne, Michael Cox, Ken Booth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, 83-100.
• Stewart- Ingersoll, Robert, Derrick Fraizer. Regional Powers and Security Orders. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012.
• Taşpınar, Ömer. “The anatomy of Anti-Americanism in Turkey”. Brookings Institution. 2005. https: //www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/taspinar20051116.pdf (Accession: 16.11.2019).
• Telci, İsmail Numan. Devrim Sonrası Mısır Dış Politikası: Dönüşüm Arayışından Meşruiyet Çıkmazına. İstanbul: SETA Kitapları, 2018.
• Türkmen, Füsun. “Turkish-American Relations: A Challenging Transition”. Turkish Studies. C. 10. S. 1 (2009): 109-129.
• Yeşilyurt, Nuri. “11 Eylül Olayı Ertesinde AKP Dönemi: Orta Doğu’yla İlişkiler”. Türk Dış Politikası III. ed. Baskın Oran. 2. bs. İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık, 2013, 401-462.