AB’nin Moldova’da Barış İnşası: Moldova-Transdinyester İhtilafında Çatışma Önleme, Dönüştürme ve Barış İnşa Etme Stratejisi Olarak EUBAM’ın İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 128 - 148, 31.01.2022

Javadbay Khalilzada

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB) küresel barış inşası aktörü olarak çatışmaların başlamasını önlemek, çatışma yapısını dönüştürmek ve barışı inşa etmek için çatışma bölgelerinde aktif rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma, SSCB'nin dağılmasının ardından patlak veren Moldova-Transdinyester ihtilafında AB'nin çatışmayı önleyici ve barışı tesis eden bir aktör olarak rolünü araştırıyor. AB, genel olarak devlet inşası varsayımlarına dayanan liberal barış inşası modelini takip etmektedir. Moldova ve Ukrayna'daki Avrupa Sınır Yardım Misyonu'nu (EUBAM) liberal barış inşası ve AB'nin barış inşası perspektiflerinden inceleyen makale, çatışmada sürdürülebilir barış inşa etmenin avantaj ve dezavantajlarını araştırıyor. Çalışma, çatışmayı dönüştürmek ve dayanıklı bir barış için, AB'nin, ayrılıkçı bölgeyle olan ilişkisini artırması ve yerel düzeyde iki toplum arasında güven inşası için sivil toplumu da içeren politikalar geliştirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberal Barış, AB Barış İnşası, Moldova-Transdinyester Çatışması, EUBAM

The EU Peacebuilding in Moldova: Analysis of the EUBAM as a Conflict Prevention, Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding Strategy in Moldova-Transnistria Conflict

Öz

The European Union (EU) as global peacebuilding actor plays active role in conflict zones to prevent conflict onset, transform conflict structure, and building peace. The study explores the EU’s role as a conflict preventing and peace building actor in the Moldova-Transnistria conflict that erupted following the dissolution of the USSR. The EU follows liberal peacebuilding model that based on the state building presumptions. Examining European Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) from liberal peacebuilding and the EU’s peacebuilding perspectives, the paper explores advantageous and disadvantageous to build sustainable peace in the conflict. The study shows that in order to transform the conflict the EU should increase involvement with the breakaway region to evolve its relations with Moldova and the EU and include the civil society from both sides in order to build confidence between two societies at the local level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberal Peace, The EU Peacebulding, Moldova-Transnistria Conflict, EUBAM

Kaynakça

• “What We Do?” EUBAM. Accessed September 4, 2021. https://eubam.org/what-we-do/.
• “Who We Are?” EUBAM. Accessed September 4, 2021. https://eubam.org/who-we-are/.
• Annika, Björkdahl. "Building Peace–Normative and Military Powers in EU Peace Operations”. Normative Power Europe, 2011, 103-127.
• Charles T. Call, and Elizabeth M. Cousens. "Ending wars and building peace: International responses to war-torn societies." International studies perspectives 9, no. 1, 2008, 1-21.
• Daniela, Peterka-Benton. "Arms Trafficking in Transnistria: A European Security Threat?." Journal of Applied Security Research 7, no. 1, 2012, 71-92.
• David, Chandler. Bosnia: faking democracy after Dayton. Pluto Press, 2000.
• European Union. "Shared vision, common action: A stronger Europe. A global strategy for the European Union’s foreign and security policy". 2016, p.28.
• External Trade. Biroul Naţional de Statistică. Accessed September 4, 2021. https://statistica.gov.md/category.php?l=en&idc=336.
• Florian. Küchler. The Role of the European Union in Moldova’s Transnistria Conflict. Vol. 78. ibidem-Verlag/ibidem Press, 2012.
• Francesco Saverio, Montesano, Tony van der Togt, and Wouter Zweers. The Europeanisation of Moldova: is the EU on the right track?. Clingendael, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2016.
• Jennifer M Hazen. "Can peacekeepers be peacebuilders?". International Peacekeeping 14, no. 3, 2007, 323-338.
• Jörg, Meyer. "The concealed violence of modern peace (-making)." Millennium 36, no. 3, 2008, 555-574.
• Kramer, Andrew E. “Pro-E.U. Candidate Wins Moldova Election Over Putin-Backed Rival.” The New York Times. The New York Times, November 16, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/16/world/europe/moldova-election-president-sandu.html.
• Landon, Hancock. "Deliberative peacebuilding: agency and development in post-conflict practice." Peacebuilding 8, no. 2, 2020, 139-158.
• Marco, Ranieri, "The EU and the conflict in Transnistria." SAfE Paper 1, 2007, 77-87.
• Michael W. Doyle. “Liberalism and world politics”. American political science review , 80, no. 4, 1986, 1151-1169.
• Michael W. Doyle. “Three pillars of the liberal peace”. American political science review 99, no. 3, 2005, 463-466.
• Michal, Natorski. The European Union peacebuilding approach: Governance and practices of the instrument of stability. Vol. 111. DEU, 2011.
• Nathalie, Tocci. Who is a Normative Foreign Policy Actor?. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 2008.
• Oliver P. Richmond, and Roger Mac Ginty. "Where now for the critique of the liberal peace?." Cooperation and Conflict 50, no. 2, 2015, 171-189.
• Oliver, Richmond, Annika Björkdahl, and Stefanie Kappler. "The emerging EU peacebuilding framework: confirming or transcending liberal peacebuilding?". Cambridge review of international affairs 24, no. 3, 2011: 449-469.
• Robert A, Dahl. “Equality versus Inequality1”. PS: Political Science & Politics 29, no. 4 1996: 639-648.
• Roberto, Belloni, Stefanie Kappler, and Jasmin Ramovic. "Bosnia-Herzegovina: Domestic agency and the inadequacy of the liberal peace." in Post-liberal peace transitions: Between peace formation and state formation, Ed. Oliver Richmond, 2016, 47-64.
• Roger, Mac Ginty. "Hybrid peace: The interaction between top-down and bottom-up peace." Security dialogue 41, no. 4, 2010, 391-412.
• Roger, Mac Ginty. "The limits of technocracy and local encounters: The European Union and peacebuilding." Contemporary Security Policy 39, no. 1, 2018, 166-179.
• Roger. Mac Ginty. “Indigenous peace-making versus the liberal peace”. Cooperation and conflict 43, no. 2, 2008: 139-163.
• Roland, Kostić. Ambivalent peace: external peacebuilding threatened identity and reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vol. 78. Ambivalent Peace, 2007.
• Roland, Paris. "Peacebuilding and the limits of liberal internationalism”. International security 22, no. 2, 1997, pp. 54-89.
• Roland, Paris. "Saving liberal peacebuilding." Review of international studies 36, no. 2, 2010, 337-365.
• Roland, Paris. At war's end: building peace after civil conflict. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Simon W. Duke, and Aurélie Courtier. EU Peacebuilding: Concepts, players and instruments. Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER), 2009.
• Stefan, Wolff. The Transnistrian issue: Moving beyond the status-quo. EUR-OP, 2012.
• Stuart J. Kaufman. "Spiraling to ethnic war: elites, masses, and Moscow in Moldova's civil war." International Security 21, no. 2, 1996, 108-138.
• Thomas, Diez, Stephan Stetter, and Mathias Albert. "The European Union and border conflicts: the transformative power of integration." International organization 60, no. 3, 2006, 563-593.
• Vanda Amaro, Dias. "The EU's post-liberal approach to peace: framing EUBAM's contribution to the Moldova–Transnistria conflict transformation." European Security 22, no. 3, 2013, 338-354.