Factors Associated with Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADL) Among Older Adults: Türkiye Health Survey

Öz

Background: This study investigated the factors influencing the limitations in the activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among older adults aged 55+ years in Türkiye to identify significant predictors and inform preventive strategies. Methods: The data was sourced from interviews with older adults living in private households. Logistic regression analyses were performed on data from 2016 and 2019 to assess the impact of variables such as sex, age group, marital status, educational level, social support, obesity, general health, long-term illness, and depression on ADL/IADL limitations. Results: For ADL limitations, being female, advanced in age, and having poor general health were strong predictors of ADL/IADL limitations in both survey years. In 2016, low education, depression, and long-term illnesses had a higher risk of ADL limitations, trends that persisted into 2019 with reduced strength. Regarding the IADL limitations, sex, age, marital status, and general health remained significant predictors in both years. In 2019, females aged 75+, those with poor health, low education, and long-term illness were at higher risk of IADL limitations, while social support and obesity had no significant effects. Conclusion: The findings highlight the significant predictors of functional limitations among older adults and the influencing roles of sex, age, education, health status, and depression. The results provide critical insights for policymakers and clinicians to address and prevent ADL/IADL limitations among older adults. The future studies should further investigate these predictors using diverse settings to inform targeted interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ADL/IADL
• Older adults
• Sociodemographic Factors
• Health Status
• Depression
• Obesity
• Social Support

Türkiye’de Yaşlı Yetişkinlerde ADL ve IADL Kısıtlılıklarının Belirleyicileri

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2016 ve 2019 Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması verileri kullanılarak, 55 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde temel ve enstrümantal günlük yaşam aktivitelerindeki (ADL ve IADL) kısıtlılıklarla ilişkili faktörleri incelemiştir. Amaç, fonksiyonel kısıtlılıkların önemli belirleyicilerini belirlemek ve önleyici stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktır. Yöntem: Veriler, özel hanelerde yaşayan yaşlı yetişkinlerle yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilmiştir. Cinsiyet, yaş grubu, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, sosyal destek, obezite, genel sağlık, uzun süreli hastalık ve depresyon gibi değişkenlerin ADL/IADL sınırlamaları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için 2016 ve 2019 verileri üzerinde lojistik regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: ADL sınırlamaları için, kadın olmak, ileri yaşta olmak ve genel sağlık durumunun kötü olması her iki anket yılında da ADL/IADL sınırlamalarının güçlü belirleyicileridir. 2016 yılında, düşük eğitim, depresyon ve uzun süreli hastalıklar daha yüksek ADL kısıtlılığı riskine sahipti ve bu eğilimler 2019 yılında da azalan güçle devam etti. IADL sınırlamaları ile ilgili olarak, cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum ve genel sağlık her iki yılda da önemli belirleyiciler olmaya devam etmiştir. 2019'da 75 yaş ve üzeri kadınlar, sağlık durumu kötü olanlar, düşük eğitimliler ve uzun süreli hastalığı olanlar IADL sınırlamaları açısından daha yüksek risk altındayken, sosyal destek ve obezitenin önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Sonuç: Bulgular, yaşlı yetişkinler arasında fonksiyonel kısıtlamaların önemli belirleyicilerini ve cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim, sağlık durumu ve depresyonun etkileyici rollerini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• GYA/EGYA
• Yaşlı Yetişkinler
• Sosyodemografik Faktörler
• Sağlık Durumu
• Depresyon
• Obezite
• Sosyal Destek

Kaynakça

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