Araştırma Makalesi
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Göz Kuruluğu Gelişen Mekanik Ventilatöre Bağlı Pediyatrik Hastaların Klinik Özellikleri: Retrospektif, Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 137 - 145, 16.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.62111/ybhd.1678582

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı göz kuruluğu gelişen mekanik ventilatöre bağlı çocuk hastaların klinik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma retrospektif kohort türündedir. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul’da bir üniversite hastanesinin Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Kliniğinde yatan hastalar, örneklemini ise Ağustos 2023- Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında yatan, göz kuruluğu gelişmiş mekanik ventilatöre bağlı hastalar oluşturdu. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan Hasta Bilgi Formu kullanılarak hastane otomasyon sisteminden elde edildi. Verilerin değerlendirmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler (ortalama, standart sapma, frekans) Mann-Whitney U testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Belirlenen zaman aralığında tedavi gören 437 hastanın 168’inin entübe olarak takip edildiği ve 35’inde göz kuruluğu geliştiği saptandı. Göz kuruluğu gelişen hastaların yaş ortalaması 4,55 ± 5.19 yıl, mekanik ventilasyon süresi 17,56 ± 11,11 gün, yapay göz damlası başlama zamanı 5,37 ± 3,75’inci gün olarak belirlendi. Hastalarda en sık görülen tanılar %31,4 ile solunum sıkıntısı, %20 ile pnömoni ve %20 ile epilepsi olarak belirlendi. Hastaların %74’ünün midazolam, %65,7’sinin ketamin hidroklorür, %57,1’inin furosemid, %51,4’ünün norepinefrin bitartarat, %48,6’sının fentanil sitrat, %37,1’inin roküronyum bromür infüzyonu aldığı saptandı. Midazolam uygulanan hastalarda göz kuruluğunun daha geç geliştiği, Roküronyum bromür uygulanan hastaların entübasyon süresinin daha uzun olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Entübasyon süresi ile göz kuruluğu gelişim hızı arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (r=0,725; p=0.001).
Sonuç: Bu etkenler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda özellikle mekanik ventilasyon süresi uzayan hastaların göz kuruluğu açısından daha yakından takip edilmesi, koruyucu önlemlerin alınması ve göz bakımının rutin aralıklarla ve bakım paketleri kullanılarak yapılması göz sağlığı için kritik öneme sahiptir.

Etik Beyan

İstanbul ilindeki bir üniversite hastanesinden akademik kurul onayı ve kurum izni, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan 31.10.2024 tarihli ve 135 sayılı izin alındı.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lahiji AP, Gohari M, Mirzaei S, Nasiriani K. The effect of implementation of evidence-based eye care protocol for patients in the intensive care units on superficial eye disorders. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021;21(1):1-9.
  • 2. Hearne BJ, Hearne EG, Montgomery H, Lightman SL. Eye care in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Soc. 2018;19(4):345-350.
  • 3. Sivasankar S, Jasper S, Simon S, et al. Eye care in ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2003;10(1):11-14.
  • 4. Grixti A, Sadri M, Edgar J, Datta AV. Common ocular surface disorders in patients in intensive care units. Ocul Surf. 2012;10(1):26-42.
  • 5. Shaeri M, Mahdian M, Akbari H, Azizzadeh Asl S. Incidence and related factors of surface eye disorders in traumatic intensive care unit patients in Iran. Int J Burns Trauma. 2021;11(4):344-349.
  • 6. Desalu I, Akinsola F, Adekola O, et al. Ocular surface disorders in intensive care unit patients in a Sub-Saharan teaching hospital. Internet J Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2008;11(1):30-4.
  • 7. Demirel S, Cumurcu T, Firat P, Aydogan MS, Doğanay S. Effective management of exposure keratopathy developed in intensive care units: the impact of an evidence-based eye care education programme. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2014;30(1):38-44.
  • 8. Oh EG, Lee WH, Yoo JS, et al. Factors related to incidence of eye disorders in Korean patients at intensive care units. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(1):29-35.
  • 9. Kousha O, Kousha Z, Paddle J. Exposure keratopathy: incidence, risk factors and impact of protocolised care on exposure keratopathy in critically ill adults. J Crit Care. 2018;44:413-418.
  • 10. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):e296.
  • 11. Herdman TH, ed. Nursing Diagnoses 2012-14: Definitions and Classification. John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
  • 12. Awad RA, Salime E, El Sayed RAE. Effect of designated eye care protocol on prevention of ocular surface disorders among patients in intensive care unit. Int J Novel Res Healthc Nurs. 2020;7:280-293.
  • 13. Soares RPDS, Fernandes APNDL, Botarelli FR, et al. Clinical indicators of dry eye severity nursing outcome in intensive care unit. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2019;27:e3201.
  • 14. Kousha O, Kousha Z, Paddle J. Incidence, risk factors and impact of protocolised care on exposure keratopathy in critically ill adults: a two-phase prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):5.
  • 15. Milutinović D, Cvijanović D, Ćirić Z, Jovanović G, Andrijević A. Eye care in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults-nursing practice analysis. Med Pregl. 2017;70(11-12):377-383.
  • 16. Bhargava R, Kumar P, Kaur A, Kumar M, Mishra A. The diagnostic value and accuracy of conjunctival impression cytology, dry eye symptomatology, and routine tear function tests in computer users. J Lab Physicians. 2014;6(2):102-108.
  • 17. Garza-León M, Valencia-Garza M, Martínez-Leal B, et al. Prevalence of ocular surface disease symptoms and risk factors in group of university students in Monterrey, Mexico. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2016;6(1):44.
  • 18. Ali SA, Mohamed TA, Mohamed MA, Mahgoub AA. Risk factors assessment of ocular surface disorders among adult critically ill patients. Assiut Sci Nurs J. 2022;10(30):218-229.
  • 19. Wolpert LE, Snieder H, Jansonius NM, et al. Medication use and dry eye symptoms: a large, hypothesis-free, population-based study in the Netherlands. Ocul Surf. 2021;22:1-12.
  • 20. Jiang L, Yang Y, Gandhewar J. Bilateral corneal endothelial failure following COVID-19 pneumonia. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(9):e242702.
  • 21. Vilchez B, Manzanal I, Marcos M, et al. Early detection of ocular lesions in critically ill children: testing an ocular assessment scale. Nurs Crit Care. 2024;29(6):1663-1671.

Clinical Characteristics of Mechanically Ventilated Dry Eye Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Descriptive Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 137 - 145, 16.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.62111/ybhd.1678582

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients who developed dry eye while receiving mechanical ventilation.
Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a university hospital in Istanbul. The study population included all patients hospitalized in the unit, and the sample consisted of those who were mechanically ventilated and developed dry eye between August 2023 and August 2024. Data were collected from the hospital's electronic medical records using a Patient Information Form developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency), the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for data evaluation.
Results: Of the 437 patients treated during the study period, 168 were followed while intubated, and 35 of them developed dry eye. The mean age of patients with dry eye was 4.55 ± 5.19 years. The average duration of mechanical ventilation was 17.56 ± 11.11 days, and artificial tear drops were initiated on day 5.37 ± 3.75, on average. The most frequent diagnoses were respiratory distress (31.4%), pneumonia (20%), and epilepsy (20%). Among these patients, 74% received midazolam, 65.7% ketamine hydrochloride, 57.1% furosemide, 51.4% norepinephrine bitartrate, 48.6% fentanyl citrate, and 37.1% rocuronium bromide infusion. It was found that dry eye developed later in patients receiving midazolam, while those administered rocuronium bromide had significantly longer intubation durations (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between intubation duration and the rate of dry eye development (r = 0.725; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Considering these factors, it is critically important to monitor patients—especially those with prolonged mechanical ventilation—more closely for dry eye, implement preventive strategies, and perform routine eye care using care bundles to protect ocular health.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lahiji AP, Gohari M, Mirzaei S, Nasiriani K. The effect of implementation of evidence-based eye care protocol for patients in the intensive care units on superficial eye disorders. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021;21(1):1-9.
  • 2. Hearne BJ, Hearne EG, Montgomery H, Lightman SL. Eye care in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Soc. 2018;19(4):345-350.
  • 3. Sivasankar S, Jasper S, Simon S, et al. Eye care in ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2003;10(1):11-14.
  • 4. Grixti A, Sadri M, Edgar J, Datta AV. Common ocular surface disorders in patients in intensive care units. Ocul Surf. 2012;10(1):26-42.
  • 5. Shaeri M, Mahdian M, Akbari H, Azizzadeh Asl S. Incidence and related factors of surface eye disorders in traumatic intensive care unit patients in Iran. Int J Burns Trauma. 2021;11(4):344-349.
  • 6. Desalu I, Akinsola F, Adekola O, et al. Ocular surface disorders in intensive care unit patients in a Sub-Saharan teaching hospital. Internet J Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2008;11(1):30-4.
  • 7. Demirel S, Cumurcu T, Firat P, Aydogan MS, Doğanay S. Effective management of exposure keratopathy developed in intensive care units: the impact of an evidence-based eye care education programme. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2014;30(1):38-44.
  • 8. Oh EG, Lee WH, Yoo JS, et al. Factors related to incidence of eye disorders in Korean patients at intensive care units. J Clin Nurs. 2009;18(1):29-35.
  • 9. Kousha O, Kousha Z, Paddle J. Exposure keratopathy: incidence, risk factors and impact of protocolised care on exposure keratopathy in critically ill adults. J Crit Care. 2018;44:413-418.
  • 10. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):e296.
  • 11. Herdman TH, ed. Nursing Diagnoses 2012-14: Definitions and Classification. John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
  • 12. Awad RA, Salime E, El Sayed RAE. Effect of designated eye care protocol on prevention of ocular surface disorders among patients in intensive care unit. Int J Novel Res Healthc Nurs. 2020;7:280-293.
  • 13. Soares RPDS, Fernandes APNDL, Botarelli FR, et al. Clinical indicators of dry eye severity nursing outcome in intensive care unit. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2019;27:e3201.
  • 14. Kousha O, Kousha Z, Paddle J. Incidence, risk factors and impact of protocolised care on exposure keratopathy in critically ill adults: a two-phase prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):5.
  • 15. Milutinović D, Cvijanović D, Ćirić Z, Jovanović G, Andrijević A. Eye care in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults-nursing practice analysis. Med Pregl. 2017;70(11-12):377-383.
  • 16. Bhargava R, Kumar P, Kaur A, Kumar M, Mishra A. The diagnostic value and accuracy of conjunctival impression cytology, dry eye symptomatology, and routine tear function tests in computer users. J Lab Physicians. 2014;6(2):102-108.
  • 17. Garza-León M, Valencia-Garza M, Martínez-Leal B, et al. Prevalence of ocular surface disease symptoms and risk factors in group of university students in Monterrey, Mexico. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2016;6(1):44.
  • 18. Ali SA, Mohamed TA, Mohamed MA, Mahgoub AA. Risk factors assessment of ocular surface disorders among adult critically ill patients. Assiut Sci Nurs J. 2022;10(30):218-229.
  • 19. Wolpert LE, Snieder H, Jansonius NM, et al. Medication use and dry eye symptoms: a large, hypothesis-free, population-based study in the Netherlands. Ocul Surf. 2021;22:1-12.
  • 20. Jiang L, Yang Y, Gandhewar J. Bilateral corneal endothelial failure following COVID-19 pneumonia. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(9):e242702.
  • 21. Vilchez B, Manzanal I, Marcos M, et al. Early detection of ocular lesions in critically ill children: testing an ocular assessment scale. Nurs Crit Care. 2024;29(6):1663-1671.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik Esasları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Senanur Şimşek 0000-0003-2697-6127

Bilgi Gülseven Karabacak 0000-0003-4570-2631

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

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