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Psikanalitik Yönelimli Psikoterapi ile Takip Edilen Olgunun Projektif Testlerle Değerlendirilmesi: Terapi Öncesi ve Sonrası Uygulamaları.

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 85 - 93, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.320018

Öz

Projektif Testler özellikle Rorschach ve TAT (Tematik
Algı Testi) personel seçiminden, psikiyatrik hastalara tanı koymaya, çocuk
danışmanlık birimlerinden, askeri personelin değerlendirilmesine ve bunların yanı
sıra uygulanan bir terapi programının işlevselliği ile ilgili birçok alanda
başvuru yapan bireylerin kişiliklerinin psikodinamik özelliklerini ortaya
çıkarmada ve uygulanacak terapi sürecinin ya da müdahalenin ne yönde olması
gerektiğine karar vermeye yardımcı olan psikometrik teknikler
arasındadır(Deabler, 1947, Weiner, 1997, Tunaboylu-İkiz, 2001, 2002,
2010,2011,  Anzieu & Chabert, 2011).
Bu çalışmada 2 yıl süre ile psikanalitik yönelimli psikoterapi ile takip edilen
olgunun terapi öncesi ve sonrasındaki değerlendirmeleri Rorschach ve TAT ile
yapılmıştır. Olguya yapılan ilk uygulamada Rorschach Testi’nde elde edilen
bulgular arasında olgunun kendini dış dünyadan gelen tehlikelere karşı koruma
çabası içerisinde olduğu vermiş olduğu Detay yanıtlarının çokluğundan
görülmekteydi. Diğer taraftan verilen yanıt sayısı ile içeriklerin sürekli aynı
temalar üzerinde olması yine kendini koruma çabası olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Olgunun kendilik tasarımı, kimlik, özdeşim ve cinsler arası fark ve nesne
ilişkileri konularında yaşadığı sorunsallar değerlendirilmiştir. TAT Testinde
ise olgunun benzer bir şekilde kendilik, karşı cinsle ilişkiler ve nesne
kaybıyla ilgili hikâyeler anlattığı görülmüştür. Olguya 2 yıl sonra terapi
sonlandırıldığında yapılan ikinci uygulamada ise olgunun bilinçdışı materyale
kendini rahatça bıraktığı görülmüştür. Hastanın dil yapısında labilite tespit
edilmemiştir. Bilişsel süreçlere bakıldığında, düşünce içeriği zengin,
sözelleştirme kapasitesi iyi düzeydedir. Hasta bilinçdışı süreçlere daha açık,
cinsel içerikli uyaranlar daha entellektüalize edilerek ortaya çıkmıştır.
Tereddütler bu uygulamada karşımıza çıkmamıştır. Çatışmanın dinamiğine
bakıldığında düşünce süreçlerinin ön planda olmasına rağmen affektif
boşalmaların da mevcut olduğu ve kontrol altına alındığı görülmektedir. Yapılan
bu iki uygulama ve değerlendirmelerin ardından hastanın 2 yıllık terapötik
süreçten fayda sağladığı, düşünce süreçlerine yaptığı yatırımın devam etmesine
rağmen ilk uygulama sırasından bu güne dış dünyayı o kadar da tehditkâr olarak
algılamamaya başladığı, dürtü ve düşüncelerini daha kontrollü bir şekilde
yaşadığı değerlendirmesi yapılabilir. Hastanın cinsler arası fark ve özdeşimler
konusunda ilk uygulama sırasında yaşadığı güçlükler ikinci uygulamada daha az
göze çarpmakta ve cinsler arası fark ve özdeşleşme daha normal düzeye gelmiş
olduğu görülmektedir. Kimlik sorunsalı da iki yıllık terapötik süreç sonucunda
biraz daha netlik kazanmış ve hasta ilk gelişinden bu yana yaşamını daha
işlevsel bir şekilde sürdürmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Anzieu, D &Chabert, C ( 2011) Projektif Yöntemler, Çev: Bahar Kolbay, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bornstein, RF(2001) Clinical Utility of the Rorschach Inkblot Method: Reframing the Debate, Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(1), 39-47.
  • Bram AD & Yalof J (2015), Quantifying Complexity: Personality Assessment and Its Relationship with Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 35, 74-97.
  • Deabler HL( 1947) The Psychotherapeutic Use of the Thematic Apperception Test, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 246-252.
  • Doidge, N (1997) Empirical evidence for the efficacy of psychoanalytic psychotherapies and psychoanalysis: An overview, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 17(2), 102-150.
  • Exner JE & Andronikof-Sanglade S ( 1992), Rorschach Changes Following Breif and Short-Term Therapy, Journal of Personality Assestment, 59(1), 59-71.
  • Fouques, D(2004) Evaluation of Psychotherapy: The Contribution of the Rorschach(C.S), Psychologie Française, 49, 25-32.
  • Fowler, CJ, Ackerman, SJ , Speanburg, S, Bailey, A , Blagys, M & Adam CC (2004) Personality and Symptom Change in Treatment-Refractory Inpatients: Evaluation of the Phase Model of Change Using Rorschach, TAT, and DSM-IV Axis V, Journal of Personality Assessment, 83:3, 306-322.
  • Garrison, M(1948) Relationships Between Rorschach Scores and Clinical Changes in Mental Patients, Journal of Personality, 17(2), 146-152.
  • Gaudriault, P(2008) Changes in mental representations with verbal Psychotherapy. The contribution of the Rorschach, Pratiques Psychologiques, 14, 79-88.
  • Grønnerød, C(2004) Rorschach Assesment of Changes Following Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(3), 256-276.
  • Grønnerød, C(2003) temporal Stability in the Rorschach Method: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(3), 272-293.
  • Grønnerød, C(2006) Reanalysis of the Grønnerød (2003) Rorschach Temporal Stability Meta-Anlysis Data Set, Journal of Personality Assestment, 86(2), 222-225.
  • Holaday M (1998) Rorschach Protocols of Children and Adolescents With Severe Burns: A Follow-Up Study, Journal of Personality Assessment, 71(3), 306-321.
  • Husain, O (2015) From Persecution to Depression: A Case of Chronic Depression—Associating the Rorschach, the TAT, and Winnicott, Journal of Personality Assessment, 97:3, 230-240.
  • Kantrowitz JL (1997) A brief review of psychoanalytic outcome research, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 17(1), 87-101.
  • Krout J, Krout MH & Dulin TJ (1952) Rorschach Test-Retest as a gauge of Progress in Psychotherapy, 8(4), 380-390.
  • Leichtman, M (2009) Concepts of Development and the Rorschach: The Contributions of Paul Lerner and John Exner in Historical Context, Journal of Personality Assestment, 9(1), 24-29.
  • Manickam LSS (2013), Consistency of Response Pattern on Rorschach after an Interval of 14 years: A Case Report, SIS J. Proj.Psy & Ment. Health, 20, 62-67.
  • Musewicz J, Marczyk G, Knauss L, York D (2009), Current Assessment Practice, Personality Measurement, and Rorschach Usage by Psychologists, Journal of Personality Assestment, 9(5), 453-461.
  • Petertson, AOD (1954) A Comparative Study of Rorschach Scoring Methods in Evaluating Personality Changes Resulting From Psychotherapy, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10, 190-192.
  • Rosenbaum B, Anderson PB, Lorentzen P(2012) Rorschach Inkblot Method data at baseline and after 2 years treatment of consecutively admittes patients with first-episode schizophrenia, Nord J Psychiatry, 66, 79-85.
  • Rosenweig,S (1948) The Thematic Apperception Technique in Diagnosis and Therapy, Journal of Personality, 16(4), 437-444.
  • Saldanha D, Menon P, Guliani S, Goyal V, Garg M, Tewari A & Agrawal M( 2013) Effect of Therapeutic Intervention in a Case of Schizophrenia through SIS-II and Rorschach, SIS J. Proj.Psy & Ment. Health, 20, 55-61.
  • Silverstein ML (2007) Rorschach Test Findings at the Begibbing of Treatment and 2 Years Later, With 30-Year Follow-Up, Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 131-143.
  • Sisk, HL ( 1947) A Clinical Case Study Utilizing The Rorschach and The Murray Thematic Apperception Tests, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 293-298.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T. (2001). Rorschach testinin psikanalitik yorumu 1; Kodlama ve uygulama. Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T (2002). Rorschach testinin psikanalitik yorumu 2; erişkin psikopatolojisi. Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T (2010) “Klinik Görüşmelerde Projektif Testlerin Rolü” Psikanalitik Yönelimli Klinik Görüşmeler, yayına hazırlayan Tevfika İkiz, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T (2011) “Tematik Algi Test, (TAT) ” Psikanalitik Yönelimli El Kitabı, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Weiner IB & Exner JE(1991) Rorschach Changes in Long-Term and Short-Term Psychotherapy, Journal of Personality Assessment, 56(3), 453-465.
  • Weiner IB (1997), Current Status of the Rorschach Inkblot Method, Journal of Personality Assestment, 68(1), 5-19.
  • (2014) Research Digest: evidence for efficacy of pychodiynamic psychotherapy , Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 40(3), 318-326.

Evaluation of Psychoanalytic Oriented Psychotherapy Outcome Using Rorschach and TAT: A Case Study

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 85 - 93, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.320018

Öz

Projective techniques especially Rorschach and TAT
( Thematic Apperception Test) have a wide variety of assestment areas. These
techniques have been used from selection of staff for a appropriate job, giving
diagnosis to psychiatric patients, in child services for counseling, selection
and evaluation of military personel. Apart from these uses they also have
valuable contributions to the efficiency of a certain treatment programs with
helping clinicans to evaluate the psychodynamic properties of a client to
decide the type, duration and specific issues in the treatment programme
(Deabler, 1947, Weiner, 1997, Tunaboylu-İkiz, 2001, 2002, 2010,2011,  Anzieu & Chabert, 2011). In this study a
case who was treated with psychodynamic oriented psychotherapy for 2 years  the outcome of the threapy  evaluated with Rorschach and TAT. In the
first assestment before the psychothreapy began the  Detail responses given by the patient was to
much inorder to protect himself from the dangers coming from the real world.The
content of the responses also showed the same charasteristic with using the
same theme all over the full protocol.Case’s problems around his
self-representaion, self, identification- differences between gender and object
relations was evaluated with TAT that showed object loss was the main
problematic. After 2 years with the termination of the threapy the second
evaluation was done. In this second evaluation the case led himself more freely
to the test material with less resistance. In the second evaluation; the case’s
cognitive processes and using of words are more rich  wch represents high cognitive and
entellectual capacities. He is less resistant to unconscious material, sexual
contents coming up in responses with more intellectual ways. With these two
assestment the efficiency of psychodynamic oriented psychothreapy was proved.
Although the case’s perception of the real world still contains some aspects of
threads the second evaluation showed that he is more open to his drives. Also
ın the second evaluation the main problematic issues upon  self-representaion, self, identification-
differences between gender and object relations were in normalized matter

Kaynakça

  • Anzieu, D &Chabert, C ( 2011) Projektif Yöntemler, Çev: Bahar Kolbay, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bornstein, RF(2001) Clinical Utility of the Rorschach Inkblot Method: Reframing the Debate, Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(1), 39-47.
  • Bram AD & Yalof J (2015), Quantifying Complexity: Personality Assessment and Its Relationship with Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 35, 74-97.
  • Deabler HL( 1947) The Psychotherapeutic Use of the Thematic Apperception Test, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 246-252.
  • Doidge, N (1997) Empirical evidence for the efficacy of psychoanalytic psychotherapies and psychoanalysis: An overview, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 17(2), 102-150.
  • Exner JE & Andronikof-Sanglade S ( 1992), Rorschach Changes Following Breif and Short-Term Therapy, Journal of Personality Assestment, 59(1), 59-71.
  • Fouques, D(2004) Evaluation of Psychotherapy: The Contribution of the Rorschach(C.S), Psychologie Française, 49, 25-32.
  • Fowler, CJ, Ackerman, SJ , Speanburg, S, Bailey, A , Blagys, M & Adam CC (2004) Personality and Symptom Change in Treatment-Refractory Inpatients: Evaluation of the Phase Model of Change Using Rorschach, TAT, and DSM-IV Axis V, Journal of Personality Assessment, 83:3, 306-322.
  • Garrison, M(1948) Relationships Between Rorschach Scores and Clinical Changes in Mental Patients, Journal of Personality, 17(2), 146-152.
  • Gaudriault, P(2008) Changes in mental representations with verbal Psychotherapy. The contribution of the Rorschach, Pratiques Psychologiques, 14, 79-88.
  • Grønnerød, C(2004) Rorschach Assesment of Changes Following Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Personality Assessment, 83(3), 256-276.
  • Grønnerød, C(2003) temporal Stability in the Rorschach Method: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(3), 272-293.
  • Grønnerød, C(2006) Reanalysis of the Grønnerød (2003) Rorschach Temporal Stability Meta-Anlysis Data Set, Journal of Personality Assestment, 86(2), 222-225.
  • Holaday M (1998) Rorschach Protocols of Children and Adolescents With Severe Burns: A Follow-Up Study, Journal of Personality Assessment, 71(3), 306-321.
  • Husain, O (2015) From Persecution to Depression: A Case of Chronic Depression—Associating the Rorschach, the TAT, and Winnicott, Journal of Personality Assessment, 97:3, 230-240.
  • Kantrowitz JL (1997) A brief review of psychoanalytic outcome research, Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 17(1), 87-101.
  • Krout J, Krout MH & Dulin TJ (1952) Rorschach Test-Retest as a gauge of Progress in Psychotherapy, 8(4), 380-390.
  • Leichtman, M (2009) Concepts of Development and the Rorschach: The Contributions of Paul Lerner and John Exner in Historical Context, Journal of Personality Assestment, 9(1), 24-29.
  • Manickam LSS (2013), Consistency of Response Pattern on Rorschach after an Interval of 14 years: A Case Report, SIS J. Proj.Psy & Ment. Health, 20, 62-67.
  • Musewicz J, Marczyk G, Knauss L, York D (2009), Current Assessment Practice, Personality Measurement, and Rorschach Usage by Psychologists, Journal of Personality Assestment, 9(5), 453-461.
  • Petertson, AOD (1954) A Comparative Study of Rorschach Scoring Methods in Evaluating Personality Changes Resulting From Psychotherapy, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10, 190-192.
  • Rosenbaum B, Anderson PB, Lorentzen P(2012) Rorschach Inkblot Method data at baseline and after 2 years treatment of consecutively admittes patients with first-episode schizophrenia, Nord J Psychiatry, 66, 79-85.
  • Rosenweig,S (1948) The Thematic Apperception Technique in Diagnosis and Therapy, Journal of Personality, 16(4), 437-444.
  • Saldanha D, Menon P, Guliani S, Goyal V, Garg M, Tewari A & Agrawal M( 2013) Effect of Therapeutic Intervention in a Case of Schizophrenia through SIS-II and Rorschach, SIS J. Proj.Psy & Ment. Health, 20, 55-61.
  • Silverstein ML (2007) Rorschach Test Findings at the Begibbing of Treatment and 2 Years Later, With 30-Year Follow-Up, Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 131-143.
  • Sisk, HL ( 1947) A Clinical Case Study Utilizing The Rorschach and The Murray Thematic Apperception Tests, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 293-298.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T. (2001). Rorschach testinin psikanalitik yorumu 1; Kodlama ve uygulama. Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T (2002). Rorschach testinin psikanalitik yorumu 2; erişkin psikopatolojisi. Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T (2010) “Klinik Görüşmelerde Projektif Testlerin Rolü” Psikanalitik Yönelimli Klinik Görüşmeler, yayına hazırlayan Tevfika İkiz, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tunaboylu-İkiz, T (2011) “Tematik Algi Test, (TAT) ” Psikanalitik Yönelimli El Kitabı, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Weiner IB & Exner JE(1991) Rorschach Changes in Long-Term and Short-Term Psychotherapy, Journal of Personality Assessment, 56(3), 453-465.
  • Weiner IB (1997), Current Status of the Rorschach Inkblot Method, Journal of Personality Assestment, 68(1), 5-19.
  • (2014) Research Digest: evidence for efficacy of pychodiynamic psychotherapy , Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 40(3), 318-326.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Cilt:1, Sayı:2 Aralık
Yazarlar

Zihniye Okray

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Okray, Z. (2017). Psikanalitik Yönelimli Psikoterapi ile Takip Edilen Olgunun Projektif Testlerle Değerlendirilmesi: Terapi Öncesi ve Sonrası Uygulamaları. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.320018