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Turkish Adaptation of Spiral of Silence Scale: The Study of Reliability and Validity

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6, 187 - 194, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.610147

Öz



People
need a reconciliation on their attitudes, behaviors, values and aims, and the
conciliation happens when it is public. In this context, the spiral of silence
scale is a scale that measures the power and effectiveness of the public. The
aim of the study is to measure the validity and reliability of the spiral of
slience scale effective study in Turkey. In this study, 421 health employees
working in Hospitals in Ankara were interviewed. The scale has three
sub-dimensions; namely, avoidance of expressing opinions, participation in the
expressed opinion and the fear of being excluded sub-dimensions. The total
variance of the three sub-dimensions was 74.207% and the Cronbach's alpha
reliability coefficient was 0.641. According to our results, Cronbach’s alpha
reliability coefficients are acceptable for the Turkish version of the scale
and the subscales. The results on the EFA and the CFA performed for the
construct validity support the three-factor model as the model of the original
scale. Confirmatory factor analysis results were found to be between good fit
and acceptable variables. According to the correlation analysis, there are
significant relationships among the scale and the subscales. The significance
of correlation coefficient values found among the scale and the subscales is
interpreted as that the subscales measure similar constructs. At the end of the
statistical analysis, it is concluded that the three-dimensional structure of
the original scale is appropriate for Turkish culture. 



Kaynakça

  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control and the theory of planned behaviour. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x.
  • Çekiç, A., Akbaş, T. & Hamamcı, Z. (2018). Adaptation of the parenting stress index-short form into turkish: A study of validity and reliability. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 63-70. https://doi: 10.5455/apd.263093.
  • Çobanoğlu. Ş. (2007). Spiral Of Silence And Political Communication. İstanbul: Fide Publishing.
  • Dik, U. (2015). Researching social media from the spiral of silence theory perspective: discussions about “solution process” and “nuclear energy” on twitter. Unpublished Master Thesis, Antalya: Akdeniz University, Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Hayes, A.F. (2007). Exploring the forms of self-cencordhip: On the spiral of silence and the use of opinion expression avoidance strategies. Journal Of Communication, 57, 758-802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00368.x.
  • Kayış, A. (2010). Reliability analysis. Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.), SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques in, Ankara: Asil Publishing, 404-419.
  • Lee, H., Oshita, T., Oh, H. J. & Hove, T. (2014). When do people speak out? Integrating the spiral of silence and the situational theory of problem solving. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(3), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2013.864243.
  • Mahmutoğlu, M.C. (2016). Social media usage of y generation ın the context of the spiral of silence. Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul: Beykent University, Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Matthes, J. (2014). Obseving the ‘spiral’ in the spiral of silence. International Journal Of Public Opinion Research, 27(2), 155-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edu032.
  • Matthes, J., Knoll, J. & Sikorski, C.V. (2018). The ‘spiral of silence’ revisited: A meta-analysis on the relationship between perceptions of opinion support and political opinion expression. Communication Research. 45(19), 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217745429.
  • Neumann, E. N. (1974). The spiral of silence theory of public opinion. Journal Of Communicatio, 24(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x.
  • Neuwirth, K. & Frederick, E. (2004). Peer and social ınflunce on opinion expression. Communication Research, 31(6), 669-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650204269388.
  • Özdemir, Y. (2009). The investigation of self construal development in adolescence in the context of culture and family. Unpublished Doctor Thesis, Ankara: Ankara University, Institute of Education Sciences.
  • Ünübol, H. & Zorlu, F. (2018). The multidimensional orientation toward dying and death ınventory: Validity and reliability ın a turkey sample. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 19(Supl. 2), 39-46. https://doi: 10.5455/apd.300390.
  • Vatan, S. & Kahya, Y. (2018). Turkish adaptation of emotion regulation skills questionnaire: The study of reliability and validity. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(2), 192-201. https://doi: 10.5455/apd.260322.

Suskunluk Sarmalı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6, 187 - 194, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.610147

Öz

İnsanlar
tutum, davranış, değer ve amaçları konusunda bir uzlaşıma ihtiyaç duyar ve
uzlaşım da kamuoyu şeklinde oluşur. Bu bağlamda suskunluk sarmalı kamuoyunun
gücünü ve etkinliğini ölçen bir ölçektir. Çalışmanın amacı suskunluk sarmalı
ölçeğinin Türkiye’de geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Ölçeğin
görüş ifade etmekten kaçınma, ifade edilen görüşe katılım ve dışlanma korkusu
alt boyutu olmak üzere üç alt boyutu vardır. Üç alt boyutunun toplam varyansı açıklama
oranı %74,207 ve Cronbach alpha güvenilirlik katsayısı 0,641’dir. Doğrulayıcı
faktör analizi sonuçları ise iyi uyum ve kabul edilebilir değerler arasında
bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda suskunluk sarmalı ölçeği ve alt boyutları için
hesaplanan Cronbach alpha güvenilirlik katsayılarının yeterli düzeyde olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğine ilişkin yapılan açıklayıcı faktör
analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi özgün ölçekteki gibi üç boyutlu modeli
destekleyen sonuçları göstermiştir. S
uskunluk sarmalı ve alt boyutları arasında yapılan
korelasyon analizi sonucunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler
bulunmuştur. Suskunluk sarmalı ölçeği ve alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir
korelasyon katsayısı bulunması ölçeğin alt boyutlarının benzer yapıları ölçtüğü
şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Analizler sonucunda ölçeğin üç boyutlu özgün yapısının
Türk kültürüyle uygun olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control and the theory of planned behaviour. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x.
  • Çekiç, A., Akbaş, T. & Hamamcı, Z. (2018). Adaptation of the parenting stress index-short form into turkish: A study of validity and reliability. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 63-70. https://doi: 10.5455/apd.263093.
  • Çobanoğlu. Ş. (2007). Spiral Of Silence And Political Communication. İstanbul: Fide Publishing.
  • Dik, U. (2015). Researching social media from the spiral of silence theory perspective: discussions about “solution process” and “nuclear energy” on twitter. Unpublished Master Thesis, Antalya: Akdeniz University, Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Hayes, A.F. (2007). Exploring the forms of self-cencordhip: On the spiral of silence and the use of opinion expression avoidance strategies. Journal Of Communication, 57, 758-802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00368.x.
  • Kayış, A. (2010). Reliability analysis. Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.), SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques in, Ankara: Asil Publishing, 404-419.
  • Lee, H., Oshita, T., Oh, H. J. & Hove, T. (2014). When do people speak out? Integrating the spiral of silence and the situational theory of problem solving. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(3), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2013.864243.
  • Mahmutoğlu, M.C. (2016). Social media usage of y generation ın the context of the spiral of silence. Unpublished Master Thesis, Istanbul: Beykent University, Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Matthes, J. (2014). Obseving the ‘spiral’ in the spiral of silence. International Journal Of Public Opinion Research, 27(2), 155-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edu032.
  • Matthes, J., Knoll, J. & Sikorski, C.V. (2018). The ‘spiral of silence’ revisited: A meta-analysis on the relationship between perceptions of opinion support and political opinion expression. Communication Research. 45(19), 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217745429.
  • Neumann, E. N. (1974). The spiral of silence theory of public opinion. Journal Of Communicatio, 24(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x.
  • Neuwirth, K. & Frederick, E. (2004). Peer and social ınflunce on opinion expression. Communication Research, 31(6), 669-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650204269388.
  • Özdemir, Y. (2009). The investigation of self construal development in adolescence in the context of culture and family. Unpublished Doctor Thesis, Ankara: Ankara University, Institute of Education Sciences.
  • Ünübol, H. & Zorlu, F. (2018). The multidimensional orientation toward dying and death ınventory: Validity and reliability ın a turkey sample. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 19(Supl. 2), 39-46. https://doi: 10.5455/apd.300390.
  • Vatan, S. & Kahya, Y. (2018). Turkish adaptation of emotion regulation skills questionnaire: The study of reliability and validity. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(2), 192-201. https://doi: 10.5455/apd.260322.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Cilt:3, Sayı:6 Aralık
Yazarlar

Ayhan Bayram 0000-0003-0640-8106

Nükhet Bayer 0000-0003-3177-0596

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Bayram, A., & Bayer, N. (2019). Turkish Adaptation of Spiral of Silence Scale: The Study of Reliability and Validity. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(6), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.610147