Comparison of New Career Approach Attitudes and Subjective Career Success Perceptions in terms of Demographic Variables

Öz

This study examines the impact of shifts in the structure of employment and traditional career models on perceptions of boundaryless, protean, and subjective career success among employees of private employment agencies. As private employment agencies represent a relatively new phenomenon in the modern labor market, this research aims to examine these concepts quantitatively. This research investigates the relationship between demographic characteristics and perceptions of boundaryless, protean and subjective career success among employees of private employment agencies. The sample for this study consisted of 895 employees affiliated with private employment agencies in Istanbul. Research hypotheses were examined using exploratory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA. The results of this study revealed statistically significant differences in perceptions of boundaryless career attitude and subjective career success as a function of gender, age, education, marital status, and income level. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in perceptions of protean career attitudes across any demographic variable. Furthermore, the findings of this study have the potential to inform human resources, recruitment, and career planning practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Private Employment Agencies
• Flexible Employment
• New Career Approaches
• Subjective Career Success

Kaynakça

1. Abele, A. E., Spurk, D., and Volmer, J. (2011) ‘‘The Construct of Career Success: Measurement Issues And An Empirical Example’’, Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung, 43: 195–206.
2. Agarwala, T. (2008) ‘‘Factors Influencing Career Choice of Management Students in India’’, Career Development International, 13: 362-376.
3. Analoui, F. (2000) ‘‘What Motivates Senior Managers?’’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4): 324–340. Aydın Göktepe, E. (2016) ‘‘Yeni Kariyer Tutumları, Algılanan Yönetici Desteği ve İşe Tutkunluk Arasındaki İlişki: Bir Araştırma’’, Doctoral Thesis. İstanbul University, İstanbul.
4. Briscoe, J. P., and Finkelstein, L. M. (2009) ‘‘The “New Career” and Organizational Commitment: Do Boundaryless and Protean Attitudes Make a Difference?’’, Career Development International.
5. Briscoe, J. P., and Hall, D. T. (2006) ‘‘The Interplay of Boundaryless and Protean Careers: Combinations and Implications’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1): 4-18.
6. Briscoe, J. P., Hall, D. T., and DeMuth, R. L. F. (2006) ‘‘Protean and Boundaryless Careers: an Empirical Exploration’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69: 30–47.
7. Budak, G., and Gürbüz, S. (2017) ‘‘Öznel Kariyer Başarısı: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması’’, İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 4(2): 87-99.
8. Cabrera, E.F. (2009) “Protean Organizations: Reshaping Work And Careers To Retain Female Talent”, Career Development International, Vol. 14 No. 2: 186-201.

9. Campbell, J. P., Dunnette, M. D., Lawler, E. E., Jr. and Weick, K. E. Jr., (1970) ‘‘Managerial Behavior Performance and Effectiveness’’, New York: McGraw-Hill.
10. Cappelli, P. (1999) “Career Jobs Are Dead”, California Management Review, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 146-67.
11. Cheramie, R. A., Sturman, M. C. and Walsh, K. (2007) ‘‘Executive Career Management: Switching Organizations and The Boundaryless Career’’, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 71: 359–374.
12. Cohen, L., Duberley, J. and Mallon, M. (2004) ‘‘Social Constructionism In The Study of Career: Accessing The Parts that Other Approaches Cannot Reach’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(3): 407–422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.12.007.
13. Costa, P. T. and McCrae, R. R. (1988) ‘‘From Catalog to Classification: Murray’s Needs and The Five-Factor Model’’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2): 258–265.
14. Çakmak, K. Ö. (2011) ‘‘Çalışma Yaşamındaki Güncel Gelişmeler Doğrultusunda Değişen Kariyer Yaklaşımları ve Örgüte Bağlılığa Etkisine İlişkin Bir Araştırma’’, Doctoral Thesis, İstanbul University, İstanbul.
15. Çakmak-Otluoğlu, K. Ö. (2012) ‘‘Protean And Boundaryless Career Attitudes and Organizational Commitment: The Effects of Perceived Supervisor Support’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80 (3): 638-646.
16. Eby, L. T., Butts, M. and Lockwood, A. (2003) ‘‘Predictors of Success in The Era of The Boundaryless Career’’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24: 689–708.
17. Enache M, Sallan JM, Simo P. and Fernandez V. (2011) ‘‘Career Attitudes and Subjective Career Success: Tackling Gender Differences’’, Gend. Manag. Int. J. 26:234–50
18. Gratton, L. and Ghoshal, S. (2003) “Managing Personal Human Capital: New Ethos for The ‘Volunteer’ Employee”, European Management Journal, Vol. 21, pp. 1-10.
19. Gubler, M., Arnold, J. and Coombs, C. (2014) ‘‘Reassessing The Protean Career Concept: Empirical Findings, Conceptual Components, and Measurement’’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1): S23-S40.
20. Gunz, H., and Heslin, P. A. (2005) ‘‘Reconceptualizing Career Success’’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2): 105-111.
21. Hall, D. T. (2004) ‘‘The Protean Career A Quarter-Century Journey’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65: 1-13. Hupkens, L., Akkermans, J., Solinger, O. and Khapova, S. (2021) ‘‘The Dynamics of Subjective Career Success: A Qualitative İnquiry’’, Sustainability, 13(14): 7638.
22. Inceoglu, I., Segers, J., Bartram, D. and Vloeberghs, D. (2008) ‘‘Age Differences in Work Motivation’’, Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Francisco.
23. Kale, E. and Özer, S. (2012) ‘‘İşgörenlerin Çok Yönlü ve Sınırsız Kariyer Tutumları: Hizmet Sektöründe Bir Araştırma’’, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(2): 173-196.
24. Kanfer, R., and Ackerman, P. L. (2004) ‘‘Aging, Adult Development, and Work Motivation’’, Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 440–458.
25. Levinson, D. J. (1977) ‘‘The Mid-Life Transition A Period in Adult Psychosocial Development’’, Psychiatry, 40: 99–112.
26. Lirio, P., Lituchy, T.R., Monserrat, S.I., Olivas-Lujan, M.R., Duffy, J., Fox, S., Gregory, A., Punnett, B.J. and Santos, N. (2007) “Exploring Career-Life Success And Family Social Support Of Successful Women In Canada, Argentina, and Mexico”, Career Development International, Vol. 12 No. 1: 28-50.
27. Mainiero, L. A. and Sullivan, S. E. (2006) ‘‘The Opt Out Revolt: Why People are Leaving Companies to Create Kaleidoscope Careers’’, Davies-Black Publishing.
28. Maurer, T. J. (2001) ‘‘Career-Relevant Learning and Development, Worker Age, and Beliefs about Self-Efficacy for Development’’, Journal of Management, 27: 123–140.
29. Mayrhofer, W., Meyer, M. and Steyrer, J. (2007) “Contextual issues In the Study of Careers”. In H. Gunz and M. Peiperl (Eds.), Handbook of career studies (pp. 215–240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Näswall, K. and De Witte, H. (2003) ‘‘Who Feels Insecure in Europe? Predicting Job Insecurity from Background Variables’’, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24(2): 189–215.
31. Onay, M. and Z. Vezneli (2012) “Sınırsız ve Çok Yönlü Kariyer: Akademisyenlerin Kariyer Yaşamı”, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 4 (1): 193-202.
32. Pachilicz, S., Schmitt, N. and Kuljanin, G. (2008) “A Model of Career Success: A Longitudinal Study of Emergency Physicians”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 73 No. 2: 242-53.
33. Pallant, J. (2020) “SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS”, Routledge, New York.
34. Pan, J. and Zhou, W. (2015) ‘‘How Do Employees Construe Their Career Success: An Improved Measure of Subjective Career Success’’, International Journal of Selection Assessment, 23(1): 45-58.