THE CONCEPT OF SOFT POWER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF MIGRATION

Öz

States, as the major actors in international relations, pursue their interests in an anarchic international environment and attempt to acquire power to achieve these interests. The traditional perspective measures this power by the capacity to use force. However, in the post-Cold War era, the reduction in nuclear threats, the success of integrations, and the increase in technological developments have significantly reduced the potential for the use of force. The new multipolar world order builds interdependence through persuasion rather than the use of force. Within this new order, the most significant aspect of power is gauged by the normative capabilities of each country. This new phenomenon of power, called soft power, depends on the potential of countries to use their physical and moral values. The developmental disparity resulting from globalization and advances in technology has given rise to the phenomenon of migration. Managing migration and the resulting migration economy are crucial elements of soft power. This study aims to enhance the existing literature by examining the migration economy's power phenomenon within the field of international relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• migration
• soft power
• migration economics
• migration theory

Kaynakça

1. Aktaş, M. T. (2015) ‘‘Can Migration Phenomenon Be a Driving Force in Economic Development?’’, Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 7(2): 37-48.
2. Akyıldız, İ. E. (2016) ‘Comparative Analysis of Migration Theories’’, Uludağ Journal of Economy and Society /B.U.Ü, Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35(2). 127-176.
3. Antunes, S. and Camisao, I. (2017) ‘‘Realism’’, In S. McGlinchey, R. Walters and C. Scheinpflug, International Relations Theory (pp. 15-22), Bristol: E-International Relations Publishing.
4. Arıboğan, D. Ü. (2017) ‘‘The Wall: History is Coming Back’’, Istanbul: İnkilap.
5. Ateş, D. (2011) ‘‘The Formation of the Discipline of International Relations: Idealism/Realism Debate and Autonomy of the Discipline’’, Doğuş University Journal, 1(10): 11-25.
6. Butterfield, H. (1951) ‘‘History and Human Relations’’, London: Collins.
7. Çağlayan, S. (2006) ‘‘Migration Theories, Migration and Migrant Relations’’, Muğla University Journal of Social Sciences, 67-91.
8. Eco, U. (2012) ‘‘Inventing Enemy and Other Occasional Writing’’, London: Vintage Books.

9. Engler, P., Macdonald, M., Piazza, R. and Sher, G. (2020, 06 19) ‘‘Migration to Advanced Economies Can Raise Growth’’, IMF Blog: Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/06/19/blog-weo-chapter4-migration-to-advanced-economies-can-raise-growth.
10. Harris, J. R. and Todaro, M. P. (1970) ‘‘Migration, Unemployment, and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis’’, The American Economic Review, 1(60): 126-142.
11. Herz, J. H. (1950) ‘‘Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma’’, World politics, 2. Jackson, J. A. (1986) ‘‘Migration’’, New York: Longman.
12. Lee, E. (1996) ‘‘A Theory of Migration’’, Demography, 3(1): 47-57.
13. Lewis, W. A. (1954) ‘‘Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour’’, The Manchester School, 22(2): 139-191.
14. Li, E. (2018) ‘‘The Rise and Fall of Soft Power’’, Foreign Policy, Retrieved on 10 25, 2023 from https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/20/the-rise-and-fall-of-soft-power/.
15. Machiavelli, N. (1993) ‘‘Prens’’, (N. Güvenç, Trans.), Istanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.
16. Mert, M. (2022) ‘‘Selected Economic Effects of Migration: An Evaluation from Positive and Normative Perspective’’, International Journal of Human Mobility, 2(2): 139-165.
17. Nye, J. S. (1990) ‘‘Soft Power’’, Foreign Policy, (80): 153-171.
18. OECD. (2012) ‘‘Renewing the Skills of Ageing Workforces: The Role of Migration’’, Paris: OECD Publishing.
19. Özyakışır, D. (2013) ‘‘Migration, Theory and a Regional Application’’, Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
20. Sjaastad, L. A. (1962) ‘‘The Costs and Returns of Human Migration’’, Journal of Political Economy, 2(70): 80-93. Shaw, R. P. (1975) ‘‘Migration Theory And Fact’’, Philadelphia: Regional Science Research Institute.
21. Yalcin, C. (2004) ‘‘Sociology of Migration’’, Ankara: Anı.
22. Yılmaz, E. A. and Özer, Y. E. (2022) ‘‘A Field Study on Syrians in Turkey in the Context of Push Pull Theory: The Case of Aydın Province’’, Gümüşhane University Journal of Social Sciences, 282-295.
23. Zanker, J. H. (2008) ‘‘Why Do People Migrate? A Review of The Theoretical Literature’’, Maastricht: Maastricht University Maastricht Graduate School of Governance.