AR-GE HARCAMALARININ MEKANSAL EKONOMİK ETKİSİ: ALMANYA ÜZERİNE MEKANSAL PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, Almanya'nın NUTS 1 düzeyinde Ar-Ge harcamalarının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH) üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Mekânsal panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılarak, bölgeler arasındaki mekânsal bağımlılıkların varlığı incelenmiş ve araştırma sonucunda pozitif yönde mekânsal etkiler tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan testler sonucunda, çalışma kapsamında kullanılacak modelin Tesadüfi Etkiler Mekânsal Hata Panel Veri Modeli olduğu tespit edilerek kabul edilmiştir. Ar-Ge harcamalarındaki bir birimlik artışın, yüzde 1 önem düzeyinde gayri safi yurtiçi hasılayı yüzde 7 oranında artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, modelin yüzde 63'lük açıklayıcılık oranına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, bu durum modelin hem istatistiksel olarak anlamlı hem de güvenilir olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, Ar-Ge harcamalarının mekânsal etkilerini ortaya çıkaran çarpan etkisini vurgulaması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, bölgeler arasındaki heterojenliğin ekonomik performans üzerindeki etkisinin anlamlı bir mekânsal ilişkiyle bağlantılı olduğu tespit edilmiş ve bu doğrultuda bir ekonometrik model önerisi geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ar-Ge Harcamaları
• Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla
• Mekansal Panel Veri Analizi
• Almanya

THE SPATIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF R&D EXPENDITURES: A SPATIAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF GERMANY

Öz

The paper examines the impact of R&D expenditures on gross domestic product (GDP) at the NUTS 1 level in Germany. Using the spatial panel data analysis method, the existence of spatial dependencies among regions was investigated, and the findings revealed positive spatial effects. Based on the tests conducted, the Random Effects Spatial Error Panel Data Model was identified and accepted as the appropriate model for this paper. It was determined that a one-unit increase in R&D expenditures leads to a 7% increase in GDP at a 1% significance level. Furthermore, the model was found to have an explanatory power of 63%, demonstrating that it is both statistically significant and reliable. The paper is significant as it emphasizes the multiplier effect that highlights the spatial impacts of R&D expenditures. Additionally, the heterogeneity among regions was found to have a meaningful spatial relationship with economic performance, leading to the development of an econometric model proposal in this context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• R&D Expenditures
• Gross Domestic Product
• Spatial Panel Data Analysis
• Germany

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