Araştırma Makalesi
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BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023)

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 230 - 245, 21.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1772859
https://izlik.org/JA87ZZ42PK

Öz

Using official TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute) data on household internet access, this study examines how the digital divide in Turkey has changed between 2004 and 2023. Trends in access inequality across regions and income groups were investigated using R's descriptive statistics, regression, and time-series analysis tools. The results show that although digital access has steadily improved, there are still enduring differences between households in urban and rural areas as well as between socioeconomic levels. Overall progress has been aided by national strategies, but obstacles still affect marginalized groups. By providing empirical data on digital inclusion and its role in sustainable socioeconomic development in Turkey, the study adds to the body of knowledge on management and strategy.

Kaynakça

  • Akça, H., & Ata, S. (2019). Determinants of household internet access in Türkiye. Telecommunications Policy, 43(6), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.003
  • Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital business strategy: Toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471–482.
  • Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Çetinoğlu, H. (2002). Bilgi toplumu ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • DiMaggio, P., & Hargittai, E. (2001). From the “digital divide” to “digital inequality”: Studying internet use as penetration increases. Princeton University Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies Working Paper Series, 15, 1–23.
  • European Commission. (2022) Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2022. European Union.
  • Güleş, H. K., & Ünal, A. (2024). Dijital dönüşüm sürecinde stratejik yönetim yaklaşımları: Türkiye’de işletmeler üzerine bir inceleme. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1542086
  • Helsper, E. J. (2021). The Digital Disconnect: The Social Causes and Consequences of Digital Inequalities. SAGE Publications.
  • Hilbert, M. (2016). The bad news is that the digital access divide is here to stay: Domestically installed bandwidths among 172 countries for 1986–2014. Telecommunications Policy, 40(6), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2016.01.006
  • ITU. (2022). Measuring digital development: Facts and figures 2022. International Telecommunication Union. Karakaya, E., & Yıldırım, D. (2020). Regional disparities in digitalization: Evidence from Türkiye. Journal of Economic Policy Researches, 7(2), 89–108.
  • Kaya, M., & Çolak, H. (2024). Dijitalleşmenin stratejik karar alma süreçlerine etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(1), 87–104.
  • OECD. (2021). Bridging the digital divide: Policies for affordable internet. Paris: OECD Publishing. Özkan, S., & Turan, A. H. (2021). Barriers to digital transformation in Turkish SMEs. Technology in Society, 67, 101789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101789.
  • Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage. Free Press.
  • Python Software Foundation. (2023). Python (Version 3.10) [Computer software]. https://www.python.org PwC. (2017). Industry 4.0: Building the digital enterprise. PricewaterhouseCoopers Report.
  • R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
  • RStudio Team. (2023). RStudio: Integrated development for R (Version 2023.09) [Computer software]. RStudio, PBC. https://posit.co
  • TÜİK. (2023). Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması 2004–2023. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  • UNDP. (2021). Human development report 2021/22: Uncertain times, unsettled lives. United Nations Development Programme.
  • Van Dijk, J. (2020). The Digital Divide. Polity Press.
  • Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • World Bank. (2022). Digitalization for inclusive growth. World Bank Policy Report.
  • Yılmaz, T., & Demirtaş, M. (2024). E-devlet uygulamalarının yönetim stratejilerine etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(3), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1676174

BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023)

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 230 - 245, 21.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1772859
https://izlik.org/JA87ZZ42PK

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin period 2004 arası dijital gelişimi TÜİK'in(Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) hanehalkı internet erişim verileri üzerinden incelemektedir. İstatistiksel analiz, regresyon ve zaman serisi analizi için R programı kullanıldı. Çalışma kırsal-kentsel farklılıkların ve sosyo-ekonomik eşitsizliklerin sürdüğünü ve internet erişiminin yıllar içinde artış gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.. Özellikle düşük gelirli haneler ulusal ortalamanın gerisinde kalmaktadır. Dezavantajlı gruplar erişimde sınırlı kalmıştır, Türkiye'de uygulanan dijitalleşme politikaları genel ilerlemeyi desteklemiştir. Araştırma, strateji ve yönetim literatürüne katkıda bulunarak dijital kapsayıcılığın sürdürülebilir sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma üzerindeki etkilerini ampirik olarak ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akça, H., & Ata, S. (2019). Determinants of household internet access in Türkiye. Telecommunications Policy, 43(6), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.003
  • Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital business strategy: Toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471–482.
  • Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Çetinoğlu, H. (2002). Bilgi toplumu ve Türkiye. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • DiMaggio, P., & Hargittai, E. (2001). From the “digital divide” to “digital inequality”: Studying internet use as penetration increases. Princeton University Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies Working Paper Series, 15, 1–23.
  • European Commission. (2022) Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2022. European Union.
  • Güleş, H. K., & Ünal, A. (2024). Dijital dönüşüm sürecinde stratejik yönetim yaklaşımları: Türkiye’de işletmeler üzerine bir inceleme. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1542086
  • Helsper, E. J. (2021). The Digital Disconnect: The Social Causes and Consequences of Digital Inequalities. SAGE Publications.
  • Hilbert, M. (2016). The bad news is that the digital access divide is here to stay: Domestically installed bandwidths among 172 countries for 1986–2014. Telecommunications Policy, 40(6), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2016.01.006
  • ITU. (2022). Measuring digital development: Facts and figures 2022. International Telecommunication Union. Karakaya, E., & Yıldırım, D. (2020). Regional disparities in digitalization: Evidence from Türkiye. Journal of Economic Policy Researches, 7(2), 89–108.
  • Kaya, M., & Çolak, H. (2024). Dijitalleşmenin stratejik karar alma süreçlerine etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(1), 87–104.
  • OECD. (2021). Bridging the digital divide: Policies for affordable internet. Paris: OECD Publishing. Özkan, S., & Turan, A. H. (2021). Barriers to digital transformation in Turkish SMEs. Technology in Society, 67, 101789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101789.
  • Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage. Free Press.
  • Python Software Foundation. (2023). Python (Version 3.10) [Computer software]. https://www.python.org PwC. (2017). Industry 4.0: Building the digital enterprise. PricewaterhouseCoopers Report.
  • R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
  • RStudio Team. (2023). RStudio: Integrated development for R (Version 2023.09) [Computer software]. RStudio, PBC. https://posit.co
  • TÜİK. (2023). Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması 2004–2023. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  • UNDP. (2021). Human development report 2021/22: Uncertain times, unsettled lives. United Nations Development Programme.
  • Van Dijk, J. (2020). The Digital Divide. Polity Press.
  • Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • World Bank. (2022). Digitalization for inclusive growth. World Bank Policy Report.
  • Yılmaz, T., & Demirtaş, M. (2024). E-devlet uygulamalarının yönetim stratejilerine etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(3), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1676174
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Aile ve Hanehalkı Çalışmaları, Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Münir Gökmen 0000-0003-3659-2741

Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1772859
IZ https://izlik.org/JA87ZZ42PK
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökmen, A. M. (2026). BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023). Journal of Management and Economics Research, 24(1), 230-245. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1772859
AMA 1.Gökmen AM. BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023). Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2026;24(1):230-245. doi:10.11611/yead.1772859
Chicago Gökmen, Ahmet Münir. 2026. “BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023)”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 24 (1): 230-45. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1772859.
EndNote Gökmen AM (01 Mart 2026) BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023). Journal of Management and Economics Research 24 1 230–245.
IEEE [1]A. M. Gökmen, “BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023)”, Journal of Management and Economics Research, c. 24, sy 1, ss. 230–245, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.11611/yead.1772859.
ISNAD Gökmen, Ahmet Münir. “BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023)”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 24/1 (01 Mart 2026): 230-245. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1772859.
JAMA 1.Gökmen AM. BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023). Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2026;24:230–245.
MLA Gökmen, Ahmet Münir. “BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023)”. Journal of Management and Economics Research, c. 24, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 230-45, doi:10.11611/yead.1772859.
Vancouver 1.Ahmet Münir Gökmen. BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN TÜRKIYE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON ICT ADOPTION (2004–2023). Journal of Management and Economics Research. 01 Mart 2026;24(1):230-45. doi:10.11611/yead.1772859