COLLECTIVE ALGORITHMIC RIGHTS: A NEW RIGHTS ARCHITECTURE FOR GLOBAL DIGITAL WORK REGIMES

Öz

The reorganization of working relationships on a global scale through algorithmic governance under a data-driven, predictive, and dynamic authority architecture is creating structural transformations that exceed the institutional capacity of the existing individual rights paradigm. This article systematically constructs the concept of Collective Algorithmic Rights (CAR) with the aim of developing a comprehensive theoretical framework capable of capturing the collective outcomes of this transformation. The study examines the regime variations of algorithmic governance across five dimensions by combining a conceptual model development approach with a normative comparative analysis method covering the European Union, the United States, Latin America, Asia, and Türkiye. The findings of the analysis show that individual-centered regulatory frameworks (GDPR, AI Act, CCPA, LGPD, etc.) are limited in their understanding of the collective operating logic of algorithmic governance; in contrast, it reveals that the five-dimensional CAR model, consisting of collective data access, algorithmic transparency, collective algorithmic oversight committees, algorithmic collective bargaining agreement (CBA) clauses, and Collective Algorithmic Impact Assessment (CAIA), can reestablish accountability and the institutional power of collective bargaining in digital work regimes. Regime positioning reveals that despite the EU's partial regulatory capacity, it cannot fully close the collective rights gap; that collective asymmetry has deepened in the market- and state-centered models of the US and Asia; and that Türkiye is one of the most fragile regimes due to its weak regulatory capacity, high algorithmic discipline, and lack of transparency. In this context, the study offers a new perspective on theoretical debates regarding the protection of labor in the digital age, proposing the CAR model as a collective rights architecture that is applicable at both the normative and political-legal levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algorithmic Management
• Collective Algorithmic Rights
• Platform Work

Destekleyen Kurum

This study received no support or funding from any institution, organization, or funding agency.

Etik Beyan

This study does not involve human participants, animal subjects, clinical procedures, personal data collection, or any form of experimental intervention. The article is entirely based on publicly available sources, secondary literature, and the reinterpretation of existing theoretical frameworks. Therefore, no procedure, observation, or experimental activity requiring ethics committee approval was conducted during the research process. Accordingly, in line with international publishing standards, institutional ethics guidelines, and relevant national regulations, this research falls under the category of studies that do not require ethics committee approval. For these reasons, no ethics committee approval was obtained for this study.

COLLECTIVE ALGORITHMIC RIGHTS: A NEW RIGHTS ARCHITECTURE FOR GLOBAL DIGITAL WORK REGIMES

Öz

Algoritmik yönetimin küresel ölçekte çalışma ilişkilerini veri-temelli, öngörüsel ve dinamik bir otorite mimarisi altında yeniden düzenlemesi, mevcut bireysel hak paradigmasının kurumsal kapasitesini aşan yapısal dönüşümler yaratmaktadır. Bu makale, söz konusu dönüşümün kolektif nitelikte ürettiği sonuçları yakalayabilecek bütüncül bir kuramsal çerçeve geliştirmek amacıyla Kolektif Algoritmik Haklar (KAH) kavramını sistematik biçimde inşa etmektedir. Çalışma, kavramsal model geliştirme yaklaşımını, Avrupa Birliği, ABD, Latin Amerika, Asya ve Türkiye’yi kapsayan normatif karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi ile birleştirerek algoritmik yönetimin rejimsel varyasyonlarını beş boyut üzerinden incelemektedir. Analiz bulguları, birey-merkezli düzenleyici çerçevelerin (GDPR, AI Act, CCPA, LGPD vb.) algoritmik yönetimin kolektif işleyiş mantığını kavramada sınırlı kaldığını; buna karşılık kolektif veri erişimi, algoritmik şeffaflık, kolektif algoritmik denetim komiteleri, algoritmik TİS maddeleri ve Kolektif Algoritmik Etki Değerlendirmesi (CAIA) unsurlarından oluşan beş boyutlu KAH modelinin, dijital çalışma rejimlerinde hesap verebilirliği ve toplu pazarlığın kurumsal gücünü yeniden tesis edebildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Rejimsel konumlandırma, AB’nin kısmi düzenleyici kapasitesine rağmen kolektif hak boşluğunu tam olarak kapatamadığını; ABD ve Asya’nın piyasa ve devlet merkezli modellerinde kolektif asimetri derinleştiğini; Türkiye’nin ise zayıf düzenleme kapasitesi, yüksek algoritmik disiplin ve şeffaflık yokluğu nedeniyle en kırılgan rejimlerden biri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede ilgili çlışma, dijital çağda emeğin korunmasına yönelik kuramsal tartışmalara yeni bir perspektif sunarak, KAH modelini hem normatif hem de politik-hukuki düzeyde uygulanabilir bir kolektif hak mimarisi olarak önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algoritmik Yönetim
• Kolektif Algoritmik Haklar
• Platform Çalışma

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, herhangi bir insan katılımcı, hayvan deneyi, klinik uygulama, kişisel veri işleme faaliyeti veya deneysel müdahale içermemektedir. Makale tamamen kamuya açık kaynaklardan elde edilen literatür verilerine, ikincil nitelikte akademik çalışmalara ve mevcut kuramsal çerçevelerin değerlendirilmesine dayanmaktadır. Bu nedenle araştırma sürecinde etik kurul onayı gerektiren bir uygulama, gözlem ya da deneysel çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, 5624 sayılı Kanun, Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi, ilgili üniversitelerin etik kurulları ve uluslararası yayıncılık standartları çerçevesinde bu araştırma etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen çalışmalar kapsamındadır. Bu nedenle, söz konusu çalışma için ayrıca bir etik kurul belgesi alınmamıştır

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