IRANIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM: “MULLOCRACY?”

Yıl 2017, , 113 - 129, 31.01.2017

İsmail Kurun

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.285351

Cited By: 3

Öz

  The definition of the Iranian political system
which was structured after the 1979 Iranian Revolution has long been a matter
of controversy among the political scientists. Although Iran
is a self-declared Islamic Republic, scholars used or coined various terms such
as democratic theocracy, oligarchic theocracy, and religious tyranny to define
it. Iran has democratic institutions such as parliament and constitution, but
the configuration of them does not make up a liberal democracy. This article
analyzes Iranian political system by using the terms of comparative political science
and seeks to define it. It examines major Iranian political institutions
established after the 1979 Revolution and eventually concludes that the sui
generis Iranian political system can be best defined with the term “mullocracy
(government of the mullahs)” as the mullas hold the ultimate political power in
the country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Political System, Iran, Theocracy, Mullocracy, 1979 Revolution

İRAN SİYASİ SİSTEMİ: “MOLLAKRASİ?”

Öz

1979 İslam Devrimi’nden sonra kurulan İran
siyasi sisteminin tanımı siyaset bilimciler arasında söz konusu devrimden
bugüne tartışma konusu olagelmiştir. İran kendisini bir İslam Cumhuriyeti
olarak tanımlasa da araştırmacılar İran siyasi sistemini tanımlamak için
demokratik teokrasi, oligarşik teokrasi ve dini tiranlık gibi çeşitli terimler
kullanmışlar veya üretmişlerdir. İran’da parlamento ve anayasa gibi demokratik
kurumlar bulunmaktadır ancak bu siyasi kurumların kurgulanışı bir liberal
demokrasi oluşturacak şekilde değildir. Bu makale İran siyasi sistemini
karşılaştırmalı siyaset biliminin terimlerini kullanarak analiz etmekte ve
tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, 1979 Devrimi’nden sonra kurulmuş olan
başlıca İran siyasi kurumlarını incelemekte ve netice olarak, ülkede mollalar
nihai siyasi gücü ellerinde bulundurdukları için, İran’ın nevi şahsına münhasır
siyasi sisteminin en iyi şekilde “mollakrasi (mollalar yönetimi)” terimiyle
tanımlanabileceği sonucuna ulaşmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyasi Sistem, İran, Teokrasi, Mollakrasi, 1979 Devrimi

Kaynakça

• Abrahamian, E. (2008). A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Amuzegar, J. (2003). Iran’s Theocracy under siege. Middle East Policy. 10(1), 135-153.
• Arjomand, S. A. (2009). After Khomeini: Iran under His Successors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Ashraf, A. (1990). Theocracy and Charisma: New Men of Power in Iran. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 4(1), 113-152.
• Aykaç, B. & Durgun, Ş. (Ed.) (2012). Çağdaş Siyasal Sistemler, Ankara: Binyıl Yayınevi
• Bayat, A. (1998, January). Revolution without Movement, Movement Without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40(1), 136-169.
• Behbudi, B. (2014, February). The Slaughter of Democracy by Religious Tyranny. The Middle East, 24-25.
• Black, A. (2010). Siyasal İslam Düşüncesi Tarihi. (Çalışkan S. & Çalışkan H., Trans.) Ankara: Dost Kitapevi.
• Chehabi, H. E. (no date). The Political Regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Comparative Perspective. Government and Opposition, 48-70
• Constitute Project (2016, April 18). Iran (Islamic Republic of)'s Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1989. constituteproject.org. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989.pdf?lang=en. Retrieved on October 2016.
• Curtis, J. & Simpson, St. J. (Ed.s) (2010). The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and in Ancient Near East. London: I.B.Tauris.
• Erkilet, A. (2010). Ortadoğu’da Modernleşme ve İslami Hareketler. Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
• Green, J. D., Wehrey, F. & Wolf, C. Jr. (2009). Understanding Iran. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
• Harris, K. (2014). Iran Unveiled: How the Revolutionary Guards is Transforming Iran from Theocracy into Military Dictatorship (review). Middle East Journal, 68(1), 163-165
• Hunter, S. T. (2010). Iran’s Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.
• Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (2009, September). Deadly Fatwa: Iran’s 1988 Prison Massacre. New Haven, Connecticut.
• Jafri, S. H. M. (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shi’a Islam. London: Longman.
• Kamrava M., Hassan-Yari, H. (2004). Suspended Equilibrium in Iran’s Political System. The Muslim World, 95, 495-524.
• Khomeini, R. (1979). Islamic Government. Trans. Joint Publications Research Service. New York: Manor Books.
• Kuran T. (2013). Yalanla Yaşamak: Tercih Çarpıtmasının Toplumsal Sonuçları (Tümertekin, A. Trans.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
• Marlowe, M. (1963). Iran: A Short Political Guide. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
• Mirsepass-Ashtiani, A. (1994). The Crisis of Secular Politics and the Rise of Political Islam in Iran. Social Text, 38, 51-84.
• Mozaffari, M. (1993). Changes in the Iranian Political System after Khomeini’s Death. Political Studies, 41, 611-617.
• Plato (2003). The Republic. Trans. Tom Griffith. Ed. G. R. F. Ferrari. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Pourshariati, P. (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanid Empire: the Sasanid–Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London: I.B.Tauris.
• Rigi, J. (2012). Iran at the Crossroads of Democracy and Dictatorship. Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology, 63, 129-145.
• Roskin, M. G. (2009). Çağdaş Devlet Sistemleri, (B. Seçilmişoğlu, Trans.). Ankara: Adres Yayınları.
• Roy, O. (2005). Siyasal İslam’ın İflası (Akalın C. Trans.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınevi.
• Skocpol, T. (1982). Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution. Theory and Society, 11(3), 265-283.
• Şeriati, A. (2014). Dine Karşı Din: Anne Baba Biz Suçluyuz. Ankara: Fecr Yayınları.
• Şeriati, A. (2016). Dünya Görüşü ve İdeoloji. Ankara: Fecr Yayınları.
• Şeriati, A. (2016). Kendini Devrimci Yetirtirmek. Ankara: Fecr Yayınları.
• Taheri, A. (2006). Getting Serious about Iran: for Regime Change. Commentary, November 2006, 21-27.
• Taheri, A. (2009). After the Elections: a New System is Emerging in Iran. American Foreign Policy Interests, 31, 291-298.
• Tajbakhsh, K. (2000). Political Decentralization and the Creation of Local Government in Iran: Consolidation or Transformation of the Theocratic State?. Social Research, 67(2), 378-404.
• Takeyh, R. (2009). Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the World in the Age of the Ayatollahs. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• U.S. Department of the Treasury (2015, October 18). Joint Plan of Action (JPOA) Archive and Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Archive. https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/jpoa_archive.aspx. Retrieved on December 11, 2016.
• Zubaida, S. (2000). Trajectories of Political Islam: Egypt, Iran and Turkey. The Political Quarterly, 60-78.