IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

Öz

Purpose: Dynamic development of modern technology is undeniable, and applications resulting from modern technology have already influenced the employment of services in the tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to examine possible structural changes and provide resourceful perspectives with the extent of how far the technological advances brought by Industry 4.0 will substitute for the manpower. Methodology: The research was conducted using a face-to-face interview technique, which is one of the methods of qualitative research in order to examine the effect of Industry 4.0 on the employment structures of the tourism industry in detail. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by adding some questions that made the study original. Design/Approach: 17 semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with tourism industry managers based in Turkey to find out foreseen impacts of current technological improvements on the labour structure of the tourism industry. The reason for conducting a semi-structured interview is that this technique allows the elaboration of the research by asking additional questions, although the questions are determined. Findings: The results of this study indicate that dehumanization is not possible at all levels of tourism services, and technological developments lead to a task-sharing work environment between the manpower and robots. New occupations emerge while some are being eliminated. Demographic factors are prominent in the technological adaptation of both by customers and employees. Originality: This study is important in terms of seeing the perspectives of manpower in tourism within the framework of smart industry development and seeing the needs for its development. The conclusion provides managerial and theoretical perspectives resulted from study findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dehumanization
• Artificial Intelligence
• Human-Machine Interaction
• Tourism
• Industry 4.0

TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE TEKNOLOJİK GELİŞMELERİN İŞGÜCÜ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Öz

Amaç: Modern teknolojinin dinamik yadsınamaz gelişimi ve modern teknolojiden kaynaklanan uygulamalar turizm endüstrisindeki hizmetlerin kullanımını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, olası yapısal değişiklikleri incelemek ve Endüstri 4.0'ın getirdiği teknolojik ilerlemelerin insan gücünün yerini ne ölçüde alacağı konusunda bakış açısı sağlamaktır. Metodoloji: Araştırma, Endüstri 4.0'ın turizm sektörünün istihdam yapısı üzerindeki etkisini detaylı olarak incelemek amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmayı özgün kılan bazı sorular eklenerek yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tasarım / Yaklaşım: Mevcut teknolojik gelişmelerin turizm sektörünün işgücü yapısı üzerindeki öngörülen etkilerini ortaya çıkarmak için Türkiye'deki turizm sektörü yöneticileri ile 17 yarı yapılandırılmış yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapmanın nedeni, bu tekniğin, sorular belirlenmesine rağmen ek sorular sorarak araştırmanın detaylandırılmasına izin vermesidir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, turizm hizmetlerinin her düzeyinde insandışılaştırmanın mümkün olmadığını ve teknolojik gelişmelerin insan gücü ve robotlar arasında görev paylaşımı bir çalışma ortamına yol açtığını göstermektedir. Bazıları ortadan kaldırılırken yeni meslekler ortaya çıkabilecektir. Hem müşteriler hem de çalışanlar tarafından teknolojik adaptasyonda demografik faktörler öne çıkmaktadır. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, turizmdeki insan gücünün akıllı endüstri gelişimi çerçevesinde bakış açısını görmek ve gelişmesi için ihtiyaçları görmek açısından önemlidir. Sonuç, çalışma bulgularından elde edilen yönetsel ve teorik perspektifler sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsandışılaştırma
• Yapay Zeka
• İnsan-Makine Etkileşimi
• Turizm
• Endüstri 4.0

Kaynakça

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