GÖNÜLLÜLERİN MOTİVASYON VE İŞ TATMİNLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜNÜN ARACILIK ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 71 - 90, 30.06.2018

Eser Erdurmazlı

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.389674

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kapsamı
İşlevsel Yaklaşım Kuramı tarafından tanımlanmış işlevsel amaç ve beklentiler
esas alınarak, kişileri gönüllü olmaya yönelten motivasyonların iş tatmin
duygusu üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, örgüt kültürüne ait
özelliklerin gönüllü motivasyonu ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki üzerinde aracılık
rolünün bulunup bulunmadığı da araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezleri, çeşitli
alanlarda faaliyetlerini sürdürmekte olan gönüllü kuruluşlarının İstanbul
bölgesindeki farklı şubelerine kayıtlı 385 gönüllü üyesinden elde edilen
veriler kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, “anlayış” ve
“kariyer” motivasyon boyutlarının gönüllülerin iş tatmin seviyelerini anlamlı
ve pozitif yönde yordadığını, ancak örgüt kültürünün herhangi bir aracılık
etkisinin bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Araştırma bulgularının ne anlama geldiği
akademik ve pratik bakış açılarıyla tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

gönüllüler, motivasyon, iş tatmini, örgüt kültürü, işlevsel yaklaşım kuramı

Kaynakça

• Millette, V. ve Gagne´, M. (2008). Designing Volunteers’ Tasks to Maximize Motivation, Satisfaction and Performance: The impact of Job Characteristics on the Outcomes of Volunteer İnvolvement. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 11–22.
• Haivas, S., Hofmans, J. ve Pepermans, R. (2012). Self-Determination Theory as a Framework for Exploring the Impact of the Organizational Context on Volunteer Motivation: A Study of Romanian Volunteers. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41(6), 1195–1214.
• Murphy, M. (ed) (2008). Trends in Volunteering. World Scout Bureau, European Regional Office, Switzerland.
• Musick, M. ve Wilson, J. (1997). Who Cares? Toward an Integrated Theory of Volunteer Work. American Sociological Review, Vol. 62 (October:694–713).
• Argyris, C. (1957). The Individual and Organization: Some Problems of Mutual Adjustment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1-24.
• Ogbonna, E. ve Harris, L. (2000). Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Performance: Empirical Evidence from UK Companies. International Journal of Human Resources Management,11(4), 766-788.
• Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 42 (11), 460-469.
• Omoto, A. M. ve Snyder, M. (1995). Sustained Helping Without Obligation: Motivation, Longevity of Service, and Perceived Attitude Change Among AIDS Volunteers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68:671–686.
• Çavuş, Ş. ve Gürdoğan, A. (2008). Örgüt Kültürü ve Örgütsel Bağlılık İlişkisi: Beş Yıldızlı Bir Otel İşletmesinde Araştırma. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1,18-34.
• O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. ve Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
• Köse, O. (2014). Örgüt Kültürü ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Alan Araştırması. Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi. Sakarya, Turkey.
• Quinn, R.E. (1988). Beyond Rational Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Salamon, L. M. (1994). The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector. Foreign Affairs, July-August, , ss. 109-122.
• Cnaan, R. A. ve Goldberg-Glen, R. S. (1991). Measuring Motivation to Volunteer in Human Services. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27 (3), 269-284.
• Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership (1st ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–82.
• Schlesinger, T., Egli, B. ve Nagel, S. (2013). Continue or Terminate? Determinants of Long-Term Volunteering in Sports Clubs. European Sport Management Quarterly, 13(1), 32-53.
• Farrell, J. M., Johnston, M.E. ve Twynam, G.D. (1998). Volunteer Motivation, Satisfaction and Management at an Elite Sporting Competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12(4), 288-300.
• Schneider, B., Kristof-Brown, A., Goldstein, H. W. ve Smith, D. B. (1997). What is This Thing Called Fit. International Handbook of Selection and Assessment, 393-412.
• Silverberg, K.E., Marshall, E.K. ve Ellis, G.D. (2001). Measuring Job Satisfaction of Volunteers in Public Parks and Recreation. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 79–92.
• Snyder, M. (1993). Basic Research and Practical Problems: The Promise of a "Functional" Personality and Social Psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19: 251-264.
• Dwyer, P. C., Bono, J. E., Snyder, M., Nov, O. ve Berson, Y. (2013). Transformational Leadership and Personal Motives Influence Volunteer Outcomes. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 24 (2): 181-205.
• Snyder, M., Omoto, A. M. ve Lindsay, J. J. (2004). Sacrificing Time and Effort for the Good of Others: The Benefits and Costs of Volunteerism. In the Social Psychology of Good and Evil, edited by A. G. Miller. New York: Guilford.
• De Clercq, S., Fontaine, J. R. ve Anseel, F. (2008). In Search of a Comprehensive Value Model for Assessing Supplementary Person—Organization Fit. The Journal of Psychology, 142(3), 277-302.
• Tung, R. ve Thomas, D. (2003). Human Resource Management in A Global World: The Contingency Framework Extended. In Tjosvold, D.,and Kwok, L. (eds.), Cross-cultural Management Foundations and the Future. Hampshire, England: Ashgate.
• Hall, D. T., Schneider, B. ve Nygren, H. T. (1970). Personal Factors in Organizational Identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 176-189.
• Wang, C. ve Wu, X. (2014). Volunteers' Motivation, Satisfaction, and Management in Large-scale Events: An Empirical Test from the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations, 25(3), 754-771.
• Watson, M.R. ve Abzug, R. (2005). Finding the Ones You Want, Keeping The Ones You Find. in Herman, R.D. et al (eds). The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership & Management. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 623–660.
• Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26:215–240.
• Wu, A., Chow, C.W., McKinnon, J.L. ve Harrison, G.L. (2003). Organizational Culture: Association with Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Propensity to Remain, and Information Sharing in Taiwan. International Journal of Business Studies, 11(1), 25-44.
• Feinstein, A.H. ve Vondrasek, D. (2001). A Study of Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Among Restaurant Employees. Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Science, p.6.
• Cameron, K.S. ve Freeman, S.J. (1991). Cultural Congruence, Strength, and Type: Relationships to Effectiveness. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 5(1), 23-58.
• Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person‐Organization Fit: An Integrative Review of Its Conceptualizations, Measurement, and Implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 1-49.
• Campbell, J.P. ve Freeman, S.J. (1991) Cultural Congruence, Strength and Type: Relationships to Effectiveness. In Woodman, R.W. and Passmore, W.A. (eds.). Research in Organizational Change and Development, Vol. 5. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Catano, V. M., Pond, M. ve Kelloway, E. K. (2001). Exploring Commitment and Leadership in Volunteer Organizations. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22, 256–63.
• Chatman, J. A. ve Eunyoung, C.S. (2003). Leading by Leveraging Culture. California Management Review, 45, 19–34.Clary, E. G. ve Snyder, M. (1991). A Functional Analysis of Altruism and Prosocial Behavior: The Case of Volunteerism. In M. Clark (Ed.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 12: 119-148. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J. ve Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and Assessing the Motivations of Volunteers: A Functional Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74:1516–30.
• Hodgkinson, V.A. (2001). The Roles and Contributions of Volunteers Globally: Passing on the Tradition to Future Generations. Center for the Study of Voluntary Organizations & Service, Washington, DC, May 15.
• Degli, A. G. (2009). Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation to Volunteer and Social Capital Formation. KyKlos, 62(3), 359–370.
• Demir, C. ve Öztürk, U.C. (2011). Örgüt Kültürünün Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerine Etkisi ve Bir Uygulama. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (1), 17-41.
• Deshpande, R., Farley, J.U. ve Webster, F.E. (1993). Corporate Culture, Customer Orientation and Innovativeness in Japanese Firms: A Quadrad Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57(January): 23–7.
• Doherty, A.J. ve Carron, A.V. (2003) Cohesion in Volunteer Sport Executive Committees. Journal of Sport Management, 17, 116–141.
• Drenth, P.J.D., Thierry, C. ve Wolff, C.J. (1998). Organizational Psychology, 2nd edition. London: Psychology Press.
• Kristof-Brown, A. L. ve Jansen, K. J. (2007). Issues of Person-Organization Fit. Perspectives on Organizational Fit, 123-153.
• Gaertner, S. (1999). Structural Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Turnover Models, Human Resource Management Review, 9 (4), 479-493.
• Gaskin, K. (1999). Valuing Volunteers in Europe: A Comparative Study of the Volunteer Investment and Value Audit. Voluntary Action, 2 (1).
• Green, S.K., Aarons, A. ve Cross, R. (1984). Volunteer Motivation and its Relationship to Satisfaction and Future Volunteering. American Psychological Association’ın 92’nci Yıllık Kongresinde Sunulan Bildiri. Toronto, Ontario, Ağustos 24-28.
• Greenberg, J. ve Baron, R. A. (2000). Behavior in Organizations. Seventh Edition, New Hersey, Prentice Hall.
• Haberberg, A. ve Rieple, A. (2008). Strategic Management: Theory and Application. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Arthur Jr, W., Bell, S.T., Villado, A.J. ve Doverspike, D. (2006). The Use of Person-Organization Fit in Employment Decision Making: An Assessment of İts Criterion-Related Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 786-801.
• Hyde, M. K., Dunn, J., Wust, N., Bax, C. ve Chambers, S. K. (2016). Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Future Action in Charity Sport Event Volunteers. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Management, 21(3), 148-167.
• Jaivcsarn, V. (2010). How Organizational Culture of Japanese Multinationals in Thailand Influences Japanese-Speaking Thai Employees’ Organizational Commitment. Journal of International Business and Economics, 10(1), 106-120.
• Jansen, K. J. ve Kristof-Brown, A. (2006). Toward a Multidimensional Theory of Person-Environment Fit. Journal of Managerial Issues, 193-212.
• Jensen, K. B. ve McKeage, K. K. (2015). Fostering Volunteer Satisfaction. Journal of Nonprofit Education & Leadership, 5(3), 174-189.
• Cunningham, I. (1999). Human Resource Management in The Voluntary Sector: Challenges and Opportunities. Public Money Management, 19(2), 19–25.
• Lok, P. ve Crawford, J. (1999). The Relationship between Commitment and Organizational Culture, Subculture, Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction in Organizational Change and Development. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 20(7), 365-373.
• Mannino, C.A., Snyder, M. ve Omoto, A.M. (2011). Why Do People Get Involved? Motivations for Volunteerism and Other Forms of Social Action. In Dunning, D. (Ed.). Frontiers of Social Psychology, 127-146, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
• Markovits, Y., Davis, A. J., Fay, D. ve Dick, R. V. (2010). The Link Between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Differences Between Public and Private Sector Employees. International Public Management Journal, 13(2), 177-196.
• Bang, H., Ross, S. ve Reio, Jr., T.G. (2013). From Motivation to Organizational Commitment of Volunteers in Non-Profit Sport Organizations: The Role of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Management Development, 32(1), 96-112.