Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 145 - 160, 30.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.444756

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliği
insanlığı tehdit eden en önemli sorunlardan biri konumundadır. Bilimsel
araştırmalar, iklim değişikliğine ve küresel ısınmaya neden olan sera gazı
emisyonlarının en önemli kaynağının karbon dioksit (CO
2) emisyonları
olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmada G7 ülkelerinde finansal gelişmişlik ve
karbon emisyonları arasındaki ilişki ÇKE hipotezi çerçevesinde yatay kesit
bağımlılığını ve eğim heterojenliğini dikkate alan yeni panel veri tahmincileri
kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmada, çevresel bozulmanın ölçütü olarak
kişi başına düşen karbon emisyonu, finansal gelişmeyi temsilen ise yurtiçi
kredi hacmi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, finansal gelişmenin ve enerji
tüketiminin karbon emisyonlarına önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunduğunu
göstermektedir. Son olarak, çevre ekonomisi literatüründe önemli bir yeri olan ÇKE
hipotezi G7 ülkeleri için test edilmiş; hipotezin panelin geneli için geçerli
olmasa da, statik modelde 2 ülke ve dinamik modelde üç ülke için geçerli olduğu
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.




Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, F., ve Riaz, K. (2016). “CO2 emissions and financial development in an emerging economy: An augmented VAR approach.” Energy Policy, 90: 102-114.
  • Ajmi, A. N., Hammoudeh, S., Nguyen, D. K., ve Sato, J. R. (2015). “On the relationships between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and income: the importance of time variation.” Energy Economics, 49: 629-638.
  • Al-mulali, U., ve Sab, C. N. B. C. (2012). “The impact of energy consumption and CO2 emission on the economic and financial development in 19 selected countries.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7): 4365-4369.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Saboori, B., ve Ozturk, I. (2015). “Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Vietnam.” Energy Policy, 76: 123-131.
  • Al-Mulali, U., ve Ozturk, I. (2016). “The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 1622-1631.
  • Ang, J. B. (2007). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France.” Energy Policy, 35(10): 4772-4778.
  • Balaguer, J., ve Cantavella, M. (2016). “Estimating the environmental Kuznets curve for Spain by considering fuel oil prices (1874–2011).” Ecological Indicators, 60: 853-859.
  • Bilgili, F., Koçak, E., ve Bulut, Ü. (2016). “The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: a revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 838-845.
  • Blackburne, E. F., ve Frank, M. W. (2007). “Estimation of nonstationary heterogeneous panels.” Stata Journal, 7(2): 197.
  • Charfeddine, L., ve Khediri, K. B. (2016). “Financial development and environmental quality in UAE: Cointegration with structural breaks.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55: 1322-1335.
  • Chudik, A., ve Pesaran, M. H. (2015). “Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors.” Journal of Econometrics, 188(2): 393-420.
  • Claessens, S., ve Feijen, E. (2007). “Financial sector development and the millennium development goals.” The World Bank.
  • Furuoka, F. (2015). “Financial development and energy consumption: Evidence from a heterogeneous panel of Asian countries.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52: 430-444.
  • Grossman, G. M., ve Krueger, A. B. (2002). “Economic Growth and the Environment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, CX, May, 353-77. INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF CRITICAL WRITINGS IN ECONOMICS, 141, 105-129.
  • Salmerón, M. H., ve Romero-Ávila, D. (2014). “Convergence in Output and Its Sources Among Industrialised Countries: A Cross-country Time-series Perspective.” Springer.
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., ve Shin, Y. (2003). “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels.” Journal of econometrics, 115(1): 53-74.
  • Iwata, H., Okada, K., ve Samreth, S. (2010). “Empirical study on the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 in France: the role of nuclear energy.” Energy Policy, 38(8): 4057-4063.
  • Jalil, A., ve Feridun, M. (2011). “The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis.” Energy Economics, 33(2): 284-291.
  • Javid, M., ve Sharif, F. (2016). “Environmental Kuznets curve and financial development in Pakistan.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 406-414.
  • Jebli, M. B., Youssef, S. B., ve Ozturk, I. (2016). “Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries.” Ecological Indicators, 60: 824-831.
  • Kasman, A., ve Duman, Y. S. (2015). “CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis.” Economic Modelling, 44: 97-103.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). “Economic growth and income inequality.” The American economic review, 45(1): 1-28.
  • Newey, W. K., ve West, K. D. (1987). “Hypothesis testing with efficient method of moments estimation.” International Economic Review, 777-787.
  • O'Connell, P. G. (1998). “The overvaluation of purchasing power parity.” Journal of international economics, 44(1): 1-19.
  • Omri, A., Daly, S., Rault, C., ve Chaibi, A. (2015). “Financial development, environmental quality, trade and economic growth: What causes what in MENA countries.” Energy Economics, 48: 242-252.
  • Ozturk, I., ve Acaravci, A. (2013). “The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey.” Energy Economics, 36: 262-267.
  • Pao, H. T., Yu, H. C., ve Yang, Y. H. (2011). “Modeling the CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia.” Energy, 36(8): 5094-5100.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). “Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure.” Econometrica, 74(4): 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). “A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence.” Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2): 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., ve Smith, R. (1995). “Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels.” Journal of econometrics, 68(1): 79-113.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., ve Yamagata, T. (2008). “A bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence.” The Econometrics Journal, 11(1): 105-127.
  • Pesaran, M. H., ve Yamagata, T. (2008). “Testing slope homogeneity in large panels.” Journal of Econometrics, 142(1): 50-93.
  • Peters, G. P., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Fuss, S., Jackson, R. B., Korsbakken, J. I., ... ve Nakicenovic, N. (2017). “Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement.” Nature Climate Change, 7(2): 118.
  • Roberts, J. T., & Grimes, P. E. (1997). “Carbon intensity and economic development 1962-91: A brief exploration of the environmental Kuznets curve.” World development, 25(2): 191-198.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2010). “The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies.” Energy policy, 38(5): 2528-2535.
  • Shafiei, S., ve Salim, R. A. (2014). “Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A comparative analysis.” Energy Policy, 66: 547-556.
  • Shafik, N. (1994). “Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis.” Oxford economic papers, 757-773.
  • Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q. M. A., Tiwari, A. K., ve Leitão, N. C. (2013). “Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25: 109-121.
  • Shahbaz, M., Tiwari, A. K., ve Nasir, M. (2013). “The effects of financial development, economic growth, coal consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions in South Africa.” Energy Policy, 61: 1452-1459.
  • Shahbaz, M., Solarin, S. A., Mahmood, H., ve Arouri, M. (2013). “Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis.” Economic Modelling, 35: 145-152.
  • Soytas, U., Sari, R., ve Ewing, B. T. (2007). “Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States.” Ecological Economics, 62(3-4): 482-489.
  • Swamy, P. A. (1970). “Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 311-323.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J. P., ve Vadlamannati, K. C. (2009). “Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: evidence from BRIC countries.” Energy policy, 37(1): 246-253.
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). “Panel cointegration tests of the Fisher effect.” Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2): 193-233.
  • Zhang, Y. J. (2011). “The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China.” Energy Policy, 39(4): 2197-2203.
  • Kirikkaleli, D. (2016) ‘‘Interlinkage between Economic, Financial, and Political Risks in The Balkan Countries: Evidence from A Panel Cointegration’’, Eastern European Economics, 54(3): 208-227.
  • Kirikkaleli, D., Sokri, A., Candemir, M., ve Ertugrul, H. M. (2018) ‘‘Panel Cointegration: Long-Run Relationship between Internet, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth’’, Evidence from OECD Countries, Investigación Económica, 77(303): 161-176.

THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETZ CURVE

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 145 - 160, 30.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.444756

Öz

Global climate change is one of the most important challenges that threaten humanity. Scientific research points out that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the most important source of greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change and global warming. In this study, the relationship between financial development and carbon emissions in G7 countries is investigated by using new panel data estimators that take into consideration cross-section dependence and heterogeneity within the framework of the EKC hypothesis. In this study, the carbon emissions per capita was used to respresent to environmental degradation while the domestic credit was used to represent financial development. The findings show that financial development and energy consumption contribute significantly to carbon emissions. Finally, the EKC hypothesis, which is an important place in the literature of environmental economics, has been tested for G7 countries. Although the hypothesis does not apply to the width of the panel, the static model is concluded that the two countries and the dynamic model are valid for three countries

Kaynakça

  • Abbasi, F., ve Riaz, K. (2016). “CO2 emissions and financial development in an emerging economy: An augmented VAR approach.” Energy Policy, 90: 102-114.
  • Ajmi, A. N., Hammoudeh, S., Nguyen, D. K., ve Sato, J. R. (2015). “On the relationships between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and income: the importance of time variation.” Energy Economics, 49: 629-638.
  • Al-mulali, U., ve Sab, C. N. B. C. (2012). “The impact of energy consumption and CO2 emission on the economic and financial development in 19 selected countries.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7): 4365-4369.
  • Al-Mulali, U., Saboori, B., ve Ozturk, I. (2015). “Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Vietnam.” Energy Policy, 76: 123-131.
  • Al-Mulali, U., ve Ozturk, I. (2016). “The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 1622-1631.
  • Ang, J. B. (2007). “CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France.” Energy Policy, 35(10): 4772-4778.
  • Balaguer, J., ve Cantavella, M. (2016). “Estimating the environmental Kuznets curve for Spain by considering fuel oil prices (1874–2011).” Ecological Indicators, 60: 853-859.
  • Bilgili, F., Koçak, E., ve Bulut, Ü. (2016). “The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: a revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 838-845.
  • Blackburne, E. F., ve Frank, M. W. (2007). “Estimation of nonstationary heterogeneous panels.” Stata Journal, 7(2): 197.
  • Charfeddine, L., ve Khediri, K. B. (2016). “Financial development and environmental quality in UAE: Cointegration with structural breaks.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55: 1322-1335.
  • Chudik, A., ve Pesaran, M. H. (2015). “Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors.” Journal of Econometrics, 188(2): 393-420.
  • Claessens, S., ve Feijen, E. (2007). “Financial sector development and the millennium development goals.” The World Bank.
  • Furuoka, F. (2015). “Financial development and energy consumption: Evidence from a heterogeneous panel of Asian countries.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52: 430-444.
  • Grossman, G. M., ve Krueger, A. B. (2002). “Economic Growth and the Environment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, CX, May, 353-77. INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF CRITICAL WRITINGS IN ECONOMICS, 141, 105-129.
  • Salmerón, M. H., ve Romero-Ávila, D. (2014). “Convergence in Output and Its Sources Among Industrialised Countries: A Cross-country Time-series Perspective.” Springer.
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., ve Shin, Y. (2003). “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels.” Journal of econometrics, 115(1): 53-74.
  • Iwata, H., Okada, K., ve Samreth, S. (2010). “Empirical study on the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 in France: the role of nuclear energy.” Energy Policy, 38(8): 4057-4063.
  • Jalil, A., ve Feridun, M. (2011). “The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis.” Energy Economics, 33(2): 284-291.
  • Javid, M., ve Sharif, F. (2016). “Environmental Kuznets curve and financial development in Pakistan.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 406-414.
  • Jebli, M. B., Youssef, S. B., ve Ozturk, I. (2016). “Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries.” Ecological Indicators, 60: 824-831.
  • Kasman, A., ve Duman, Y. S. (2015). “CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis.” Economic Modelling, 44: 97-103.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). “Economic growth and income inequality.” The American economic review, 45(1): 1-28.
  • Newey, W. K., ve West, K. D. (1987). “Hypothesis testing with efficient method of moments estimation.” International Economic Review, 777-787.
  • O'Connell, P. G. (1998). “The overvaluation of purchasing power parity.” Journal of international economics, 44(1): 1-19.
  • Omri, A., Daly, S., Rault, C., ve Chaibi, A. (2015). “Financial development, environmental quality, trade and economic growth: What causes what in MENA countries.” Energy Economics, 48: 242-252.
  • Ozturk, I., ve Acaravci, A. (2013). “The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey.” Energy Economics, 36: 262-267.
  • Pao, H. T., Yu, H. C., ve Yang, Y. H. (2011). “Modeling the CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia.” Energy, 36(8): 5094-5100.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). “Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure.” Econometrica, 74(4): 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). “A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence.” Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2): 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., ve Smith, R. (1995). “Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels.” Journal of econometrics, 68(1): 79-113.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., ve Yamagata, T. (2008). “A bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence.” The Econometrics Journal, 11(1): 105-127.
  • Pesaran, M. H., ve Yamagata, T. (2008). “Testing slope homogeneity in large panels.” Journal of Econometrics, 142(1): 50-93.
  • Peters, G. P., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Fuss, S., Jackson, R. B., Korsbakken, J. I., ... ve Nakicenovic, N. (2017). “Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement.” Nature Climate Change, 7(2): 118.
  • Roberts, J. T., & Grimes, P. E. (1997). “Carbon intensity and economic development 1962-91: A brief exploration of the environmental Kuznets curve.” World development, 25(2): 191-198.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2010). “The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies.” Energy policy, 38(5): 2528-2535.
  • Shafiei, S., ve Salim, R. A. (2014). “Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A comparative analysis.” Energy Policy, 66: 547-556.
  • Shafik, N. (1994). “Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis.” Oxford economic papers, 757-773.
  • Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q. M. A., Tiwari, A. K., ve Leitão, N. C. (2013). “Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25: 109-121.
  • Shahbaz, M., Tiwari, A. K., ve Nasir, M. (2013). “The effects of financial development, economic growth, coal consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions in South Africa.” Energy Policy, 61: 1452-1459.
  • Shahbaz, M., Solarin, S. A., Mahmood, H., ve Arouri, M. (2013). “Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis.” Economic Modelling, 35: 145-152.
  • Soytas, U., Sari, R., ve Ewing, B. T. (2007). “Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States.” Ecological Economics, 62(3-4): 482-489.
  • Swamy, P. A. (1970). “Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 311-323.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J. P., ve Vadlamannati, K. C. (2009). “Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: evidence from BRIC countries.” Energy policy, 37(1): 246-253.
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). “Panel cointegration tests of the Fisher effect.” Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2): 193-233.
  • Zhang, Y. J. (2011). “The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China.” Energy Policy, 39(4): 2197-2203.
  • Kirikkaleli, D. (2016) ‘‘Interlinkage between Economic, Financial, and Political Risks in The Balkan Countries: Evidence from A Panel Cointegration’’, Eastern European Economics, 54(3): 208-227.
  • Kirikkaleli, D., Sokri, A., Candemir, M., ve Ertugrul, H. M. (2018) ‘‘Panel Cointegration: Long-Run Relationship between Internet, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth’’, Evidence from OECD Countries, Investigación Económica, 77(303): 161-176.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İlhan Bora 0000-0002-4593-9674

Burak Atasoy Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8680-7531

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bora, İ., & Atasoy, B. (2018). FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 16(1), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.444756
AMA Bora İ, Atasoy B. FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Journal of Management and Economics Research. Eylül 2018;16(1):145-160. doi:10.11611/yead.444756
Chicago Bora, İlhan, ve Burak Atasoy. “FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 16, sy. 1 (Eylül 2018): 145-60. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.444756.
EndNote Bora İ, Atasoy B (01 Eylül 2018) FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Journal of Management and Economics Research 16 1 145–160.
IEEE İ. Bora ve B. Atasoy, “FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, Journal of Management and Economics Research, c. 16, sy. 1, ss. 145–160, 2018, doi: 10.11611/yead.444756.
ISNAD Bora, İlhan - Atasoy, Burak. “FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 16/1 (Eylül 2018), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.444756.
JAMA Bora İ, Atasoy B. FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2018;16:145–160.
MLA Bora, İlhan ve Burak Atasoy. “FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Journal of Management and Economics Research, c. 16, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 145-60, doi:10.11611/yead.444756.
Vancouver Bora İ, Atasoy B. FİNANSAL GELİŞMENİN VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN KARBONDİOKSİT EMİSYONLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETZ EĞRİSİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2018;16(1):145-60.