YENİLİKÇİLİK TUTUMLARI VE BÖLGESEL İNOVASYON SİSTEMLERİNE GÖRE PERAKENDECİ KÜMELENMELERİ: TÜRK PERAKENDECİLER FEDERASYONU ÜYELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 42 - 58, 30.06.2019

Adnan Kara

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.497632

Öz

Bu
çalışma perakende yenilikçiliği ve bölgesel inovasyon sistemleri arasındaki bağıntının
kümeleme analizi yöntemiyle incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı
perakende yenilikçiliği tutumu ve bölgesel inovasyon sistemleri arasındaki
bağıntıyı ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmanın ana kütlesini Türkiye Perakendeciler
Federasyonuna üye perakendeciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada telefon
yöntemiyle toplanan anket verileri iki adımlı kümeleme analizine tabi
tutulmuştur.  Araştırma sonucunda
perakende yenilikçiliklerine göre dört küme elde edilmiştir. Her bir kümedeki
perakendecilerin bölgesel inovasyon indeks puanları ve perakende yenilikçiliği
tutumları karşılaştırılmıştır. Perakende yenilikçiliği gelişmiş ülkelerde
önemli görülmektedir. Günümüzde perakendecilik üretici ve tüketici arasındaki
dengesizlikleri giderebilmesinden dolayı ekonomide önemli bir yer edinmiştir.
Gelişmekte olan ülkeler de bu nedenle perakendeciliği ekonomik kalkınmanın bir
aracı olarak önemli konumda görmektedirler. Araştırma bölgesel inovasyon
sistemleri ve perakendeci yenilikçilik tutumlarının bir arada incelendiği özgün
bir çalışmadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perakendecilik, Perakende İnovasyonu, Bölgesel İnovasyon Sistemleri, Kümeleme Analizi

RETAILER CLUSTERS ACCORDING TO INNOVATION ATTITUDES AND REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: A RESEARCH ON MEMBERS OF TURKISH RETAILERS FEDERATION

Öz

This study involves analyzing the link between retail
innovation and regional innovation systems by clustering analysis. The aim of
the research is to reveal the link between the attitude of retail innovation
and the regional innovation systems. The research was carried out for all of
Turkey Retailers Federation members. Survey data gathered by telephone method
in the study were subjected to two step cluster analysis. As a result of
research, four clusters were obtained according to retail innovations.
The
regional innovation index scores and retail innovativeness attitudes of each
cluster retailer were compared. Retail innovation is seen as important in
developed countries. Today, retailing has taken an important place in the
economy because of the imbalances between producers and consumers. Developing
countries, therefore, see retailing as an important means of economic
development. The research is a unique study in which regional innovation
systems and retailer attitudes are examined together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Retailing, Retail Innovation, Regional Innovation Systems, Clustering Analysis

Kaynakça

• Alpar, R. (2013). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Arnold, T. J., Fang, E. E., & Palmatier, R. W. (2011). The effects of customer acquisition and retention orientations on a firm’s radical and incremental innovation performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(2), 234-251.
• Ayanso, A., & Yoogalingam, R. (2009). Profiling retail web site functionalities and conversion rates: A cluster analysis. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 14(1), 79-114.
• Bell, G. G. (2005). Clusters, networks, and firm innovativeness. Strategic management journal, 26(3), 287-295.
• Bell, S. J., Mengüç, B., & Widing, R. E. (2010). Salesperson learning, organizational learning, and retail store performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(2), 187-201.
• Capece, G., Cricelli, L., Di Pillo, F., & Levialdi, N. (2010). A cluster analysis study based on profitability and financial indicators in the Italian gas retail market. Energy Policy, 38(7), 3394-3402.
• Chen, J., Reilly, R. R., & Lynn, G. S. (2005). The impacts of speed-to-market on new product success: the moderating effects of uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on engineering management, 52(2), 199-212.
• Cox, H., & Mowatt, S. (2004). Consumer-driven innovation networks and e-business management systems. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 7(1), 9-19.
• Cropley, D. H. (2015). Promoting creativity and innovation in engineering education. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(2), 161.
• Doyle, P., & Bridgewater, S. (2012). Innovation in marketing. Routledge.
• Eisingerich, A., Falck, O., Heblich, S., & Kretschmer, T. (2012). Firm innovativeness across cluster types. Industry and Innovation, 19(3), 233-248.
• Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using spss for windows. London-Thousand Oaks- New Delhi: Sage publications.
• George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson.
• Gömleksiz, M. (2012). Bölgesel İnovasyon Sistemleri Ve Türkiye: İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Siniflandirmasi Düzey 2 Bölgeleri İnovasyon İndeksi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Hagen, J. M. (2002). Causes and consequences of food retailing innovation in developing countries: supermarkets in Vietnam. New York, USA, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
• Hair, J. F. Black, WC, Babin, BJ, & Anderson, RE (2010). Multivariate data analysis.
• Hollenstein, H. (2003). Innovation modes in the Swiss service sector: a cluster analysis based on firm-level data. Research Policy, 32(5), 845-863.
• IBM SPSS Statistics V24.0 documentation, TwoStep Cluster Analysis, https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSLVMB_24.0.0/spss/base/idh_twostep_main.html.
• Kaufman, L., & Rousseeuw, P. J. (2009). Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis (Vol. 344). John Wiley & Sons.
• Lewis, P., & Thomas, H. (1990). The linkage between strategy, strategic groups, and performance in the UK retail grocery industry. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), 385-397.
• Malerba, F. (Ed.). (2004). Sectoral systems of innovation: concepts, issues and analyses of six major sectors in Europe. Cambridge University Press.
• Mention, A. L. (2011). Co-operation and co-opetition as open innovation practices in the service sector: Which influence on innovation novelty?. Technovation, 31(1), 44-53.
• Mylan, J., Geels, F. W., Gee, S., McMeekin, A., & Foster, C. (2015). Eco-innovation and retailers in milk, beef and bread chains: enriching environmental supply chain management with insights from innovation studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 20-30.
• Norušis, M. J. (2011). IBM SPSS statistics 19 guide to data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• OECD (2017). R&D intensity by industry, 2015: As a percentage of gross value added, log scale. in Innovation in firms, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/sti_scoreboard-2017-graph122-en.
• OECD (2017). National Innovation Systems. https://www.oecd.org/science/inno/2101733.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 12.12.2018.
• Oke, A. (2007). Innovation types and innovation management practices in service companies. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 27(6), 564-587.
• Padmore, T., & Gibson, H. (1998). Modelling systems of innovation:: II. A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions. Research policy, 26(6), 625-641.
• Punj, G., & Stewart, D. W. (1983). Cluster analysis in marketing research: Review and suggestions for application. Journal of marketing research, 134-148.
• Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business cycles (Vol. 1, pp. 161-74). New York: McGraw-Hill.
• TUİK (2018), Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30910. Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2018.
• Urabe, K., Child, J., & Kagono, T. (Eds.). (1988). Innovation and management: International comparisons (Vol. 13). Walter de Gruyter.
• Verhoef, P. C., Nijssen, E. J., & Sloot, L. M. (2002). Strategic reactions of national brand manufacturers towards private labels: An empirical study in The Netherlands. European Journal of Marketing, 36(11/12), 1309-1326.
• Yazıcı, S. (2018). İnovasyon, Rekabet ve Devlet. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(13).