INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND SPECIAL CONSUMPTION TAX ON ALCOHOL: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 212 - 226, 30.09.2020
Özgür Emre Koç
,
Neslihan Koç
Öz
The price increases caused by taxes on alcoholic beverages are expected to reduce consumption and thus external costs. In our study,the correlation between special consumptipon tax (SCT) on alcoholic beverages and amount of alcoholic consumption in Turkey was intended to be explained using short and long run causality tests (Granger and Toda-Yamamato) and linear regression analysis technique. In the light of obtained findings, a one- way causality was found between SCT on and consumption amount of alcoholic beverages, in short and long run. In the regression analysis inverse correlation was found between consumption amount and taxes on alcholic beverages, which show parallelism with the results in the literature.
Kaynakça
- Baltagi, B. H., Griffin, J. M. (1995) “A Dynamic Demand Model for Liquor: The Case for Pooling”, The Review Of Economics And Statistics, Vol. 77, No. 3, Aug., 545-554.
- Buzrul, S. (2016) “Türkiye’de Alkollü İçki Tüketimi”, Journal of Food and Health Science, 2(3), 112-122.
- Cook, P. J., Tauchen, G.(1982) “The Effect of Liquor Taxes on Heavy Drinking”, The Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Autumn), 379-390.
- Cordes, J. J., Cordes, J., Nicholson, E. M. ve Sammartino, F. (1990) “Raising Revenue by Taxing Activities with Social Costs”, National Tax Journal, Vol. 43 (3), 343-356.
- Darnell, A.C., (1994) “A Dictionary of Econometrics”, Printed and Bound In Great Britain By Hartnolls Limited, Bodmin-Cornwall, England.
- Grossman, M. (1989) “Health Benefits of Increases in Alcohol and Cigarette Taxes”. NBER Working Paper Series No. 3082.
- Harwood, H. (2000) “Updating Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States: Estimates, Update Methods, And Data”, The Lewin Group for the National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
- Işığıçok, E. (1994) “Zaman Serilerinde Nedensellik Çözümlemesi”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bursa.
- Kay, J. A. (1990) “Tax Policy: a Survey”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 100, No. 399, Mar., 18-75.
- Lorenzi, P. (2004) “Sin Taxes”, Society, March, 59-65.
- Maldonado-Molina, M.M., Wagenaar, A.C. (2010) “Effects of Alcohol Taxes on Alcohol-Related Mortality in Florida: Time-Series Analyses from 1969 to 2004”, Clinical and Experimental Research, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1915-1921.
- Mohler-Kuo, M., Rehm, J., Heeb, J.L. ve Gmel, G. (2004) “Decreased Taxation, Spirits Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems in Switzerland”, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, March, 264-273.
- Musgrave, R. A. (2004) “Kamu Maliyesi Teorisi” (Çevirenler: Orhan Şener ve Yaşar Methibay), McGraw-Hill Koghkusah Ltd.
- Nelson, J. P. (2013) “Binge Drinking, Alcohol Prices, and Alcohol Taxes: A Systematic Review of Results for Youth, Young Adults, and Adults from Economic Studies, Natural Experiments, and Field Studies”, SSRN Electronic Journal, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2407019.
- Nelson, J. P. (2014) “Meta-analysis of Alcohol Price and Income Elasticities – With Corrections for Publication Bias”, Nelson Health Economics Review, 3:17, 2-10.
- Nelson, J.P., McNall, A.D. (2016) “Alcohol Prices, Taxes, and Alcohol-Related Harms: A Critical Review of Natural Experiments in Alcohol Policy for Nine Countries”, Health Policy, Vol.120, 3, March, 264-272.
- Nutt, D. (2010) “Alcohol More Harmful than Heroin”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11660210.
- PHE (2016) “The Public Health Burden of Alcohol and the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Alcohol Control Policies an Evidence Review”, London.
- Pierani, P., Tiezzi, S. (2009) “Addiction and Interaction between Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption”, Empirical Economics, 37(1), 1–23.
- Smith, Adam (1776) “Milletlerin Zenginliği”, (Çeviren: Haldun Derin), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
- TAPP (2019) “Alkol Politikaları”, http://www.tapp.org.tr/alkol-politikalari/.
- Terzi, H. (2004) “Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1924-2002)”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 3, 59-75.
- Uğur, A., Kömürcüler, E. (2015) “Türkiye’de Sigara’nın Vergilendirilmesinin Etkinliği”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C.20, S.4, 327-346.
- Uzgören, N., Ceylan, G. ve Uzgören, E. (2007) “Türkiye’de Kredi Kartı Kullanımını Etkileyen Faktörleri Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Model Çalışması”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İİBF Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 14 (2), 247-256.
- Varol, Mehmet (2011) “Alkol Raporu”, Türkiye Yeşilay Cemiyeti.
- Wagenaar, A. C., Salois, M.J., Komro, K. (2008). “Meta-analysis of Alcohol Price”, Society for the Study of Addiction, 104, 179–190.
- Younger, C.H., Rohan, J., Shabana, D., Harris, J.L., Roberts, K. (2014) “Influences of Value Added Taxes on Alcohol Consumption in Grenada”, Journal of Global Health Perspectives, November 16, 1-9.
ALKOL TÜKETİMİ İLE ALKOL ÜZERİNDEN ALINAN ÖZEL TÜKETİM VERGİSİ İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 212 - 226, 30.09.2020
Özgür Emre Koç
,
Neslihan Koç
Öz
Alkollü içecekler üzerinden alınan vergilerin neden olduğu fiyat artışlarının tüketimi ve dolayısıyla neden olduğu dışsal maliyetleri azaltması beklenmektedir. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’de alkolü ürünler üzerinden alınan Özel Tüketim Vergisi (ÖTV) ile alkollü ürünlerin tüketim miktarı arasındaki ilişki kısa ve uzun dönem nedensellik testleri (Granger ve Toda-Yamamato) ve doğrusal regresyon analizi tekniği kullanılarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, alkollü içecekler üzerinden alınan ÖTV ile alkollü içeceklerin tüketim miktarları arasında kısa ve uzun dönemde tek yönlü bir nedensellik tespit edilirken; regresyon analizinde alkollü ürünlerin tüketim miktarı ile alkollü ürünler üzerinden alınan vergiler arasındaki ters yönlü ilişkinin varlığını belirten literatürü destekler sonuç elde edilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Baltagi, B. H., Griffin, J. M. (1995) “A Dynamic Demand Model for Liquor: The Case for Pooling”, The Review Of Economics And Statistics, Vol. 77, No. 3, Aug., 545-554.
- Buzrul, S. (2016) “Türkiye’de Alkollü İçki Tüketimi”, Journal of Food and Health Science, 2(3), 112-122.
- Cook, P. J., Tauchen, G.(1982) “The Effect of Liquor Taxes on Heavy Drinking”, The Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Autumn), 379-390.
- Cordes, J. J., Cordes, J., Nicholson, E. M. ve Sammartino, F. (1990) “Raising Revenue by Taxing Activities with Social Costs”, National Tax Journal, Vol. 43 (3), 343-356.
- Darnell, A.C., (1994) “A Dictionary of Econometrics”, Printed and Bound In Great Britain By Hartnolls Limited, Bodmin-Cornwall, England.
- Grossman, M. (1989) “Health Benefits of Increases in Alcohol and Cigarette Taxes”. NBER Working Paper Series No. 3082.
- Harwood, H. (2000) “Updating Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States: Estimates, Update Methods, And Data”, The Lewin Group for the National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
- Işığıçok, E. (1994) “Zaman Serilerinde Nedensellik Çözümlemesi”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bursa.
- Kay, J. A. (1990) “Tax Policy: a Survey”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 100, No. 399, Mar., 18-75.
- Lorenzi, P. (2004) “Sin Taxes”, Society, March, 59-65.
- Maldonado-Molina, M.M., Wagenaar, A.C. (2010) “Effects of Alcohol Taxes on Alcohol-Related Mortality in Florida: Time-Series Analyses from 1969 to 2004”, Clinical and Experimental Research, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1915-1921.
- Mohler-Kuo, M., Rehm, J., Heeb, J.L. ve Gmel, G. (2004) “Decreased Taxation, Spirits Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems in Switzerland”, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, March, 264-273.
- Musgrave, R. A. (2004) “Kamu Maliyesi Teorisi” (Çevirenler: Orhan Şener ve Yaşar Methibay), McGraw-Hill Koghkusah Ltd.
- Nelson, J. P. (2013) “Binge Drinking, Alcohol Prices, and Alcohol Taxes: A Systematic Review of Results for Youth, Young Adults, and Adults from Economic Studies, Natural Experiments, and Field Studies”, SSRN Electronic Journal, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2407019.
- Nelson, J. P. (2014) “Meta-analysis of Alcohol Price and Income Elasticities – With Corrections for Publication Bias”, Nelson Health Economics Review, 3:17, 2-10.
- Nelson, J.P., McNall, A.D. (2016) “Alcohol Prices, Taxes, and Alcohol-Related Harms: A Critical Review of Natural Experiments in Alcohol Policy for Nine Countries”, Health Policy, Vol.120, 3, March, 264-272.
- Nutt, D. (2010) “Alcohol More Harmful than Heroin”, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11660210.
- PHE (2016) “The Public Health Burden of Alcohol and the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Alcohol Control Policies an Evidence Review”, London.
- Pierani, P., Tiezzi, S. (2009) “Addiction and Interaction between Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption”, Empirical Economics, 37(1), 1–23.
- Smith, Adam (1776) “Milletlerin Zenginliği”, (Çeviren: Haldun Derin), Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
- TAPP (2019) “Alkol Politikaları”, http://www.tapp.org.tr/alkol-politikalari/.
- Terzi, H. (2004) “Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1924-2002)”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 3, 59-75.
- Uğur, A., Kömürcüler, E. (2015) “Türkiye’de Sigara’nın Vergilendirilmesinin Etkinliği”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C.20, S.4, 327-346.
- Uzgören, N., Ceylan, G. ve Uzgören, E. (2007) “Türkiye’de Kredi Kartı Kullanımını Etkileyen Faktörleri Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Model Çalışması”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İİBF Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 14 (2), 247-256.
- Varol, Mehmet (2011) “Alkol Raporu”, Türkiye Yeşilay Cemiyeti.
- Wagenaar, A. C., Salois, M.J., Komro, K. (2008). “Meta-analysis of Alcohol Price”, Society for the Study of Addiction, 104, 179–190.
- Younger, C.H., Rohan, J., Shabana, D., Harris, J.L., Roberts, K. (2014) “Influences of Value Added Taxes on Alcohol Consumption in Grenada”, Journal of Global Health Perspectives, November 16, 1-9.